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ANTIBIOFILM ACTIVITY OF BIOSURFACTANT PRODUCED BY A SPONGE-ASSOCIATED MARINE COBETIA SP. JCG-23
(Springer Link, 2023-09-22) Govindarajan, Ganesan; Chandrasekar, Balu; Suganthi, Ganesan; Samuel Raj, Babu Arulmani; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy
Marine symbiotically associated microbes play a vital role and are an excellent source of natural compounds that exert wide biological activities. In this study, we have reported on the identification, characterization, phylogenetic relationship, and anti-biofilm surface-active compound-producing abilities of marine invertebrate sponge-associated Cobetia sp. JCG-23. Among 24 isolates, a total of five strains (JCG2, JCG19, JCG20, JCG22, and JCG23) have active surface molecule producing potential on the emulsification index assay. Interestingly, the potential candidate JCG-23, produces biosurfactants with low surface tension (22 Nm-1) that exert anti-biofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. The isolate was identified as genus Cobetia sp. JCG-23 with 99.1% sequence similarity to Cobetia crustatorum (EU909460) based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The large-scale production, purification, stability, and characterization of biosurfactant were carried out and its surface activity was determined using the oil drop method. Subsequent spectral analysis such as UV, FT-IR, and GC-MS analysis indicated that the purified biosurfactant was a hydroxyl fatty acid, namely octadecanoic acid (C18H36O2) with a molecular weight of 284 m/z. Furthermore, the effect of antibiofilm activity on the viability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 by static ring tube and light and confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis revealed that the octadecanoic acid from Cobetia sp. JCG-23 has strong biofilm dismantle ability against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Further characterization of the biosurfactant from the isolate Cobetia sp. JCG-23 can pave the way for developing novel bioactive agents targeting biofilm-forming pathogens on topical and medical devices.
BIOSYNTHESIS AND BIODEGRADATION OF POLY(3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE) FROM PRIESTIA FLEXA; A PROMISING MANGROVE HALOPHYTE TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE ECO-FRIENDLY BIOPLASTICS
(Elsevier, 2023-02) Nayana, Chathalingath; Joshua, Stephen Kingsly; Anbarasi, Gunasekar
The protracted persistence of petrochemical plastics in the environment and their non-biodegradability impede the survival of living creatures. Recently, biopolymers are being thoroughly researched as a potential replacement for conventional plastics. This present study sought to locate Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) synthesizing bacterial species prevalent in the mangrove ecosystem. Six halophilic bacterial isolates were obtained from the mangrove habitat, four isolates displayed superior cell dry weight as well as PHB accumulation. Isolate PMPHB5 showed the highest cell dry weight (4.92 ± 0.02 g/L), while the maximum PHA yield (80%) was found with PMPHB7. Hence, PMPHB7 was chosen for further optimization of carbon source wherein glucose demonstrated improved cell growth as well as PHB production. The characterization of the PHB granules was performed by FT-IR spectroscopy and FE-SEM EDX. The presence of characteristic elements in the sample was confirmed using EDX. Isolate PMPHB7 was further identified as Priestia flexa through 16S rRNA gene sequencing (GenBank accession number: ON362236) and a phylogenetic tree was constructed to reveal the molecular relationships of this organism with others. The solvent-cast biopolymer film was made to check the biodegradability of the extracted PHB. When buried in soil, it was found that the biopolymer film exhibited approximately 73% biodegradation after 21 days. Thus, the present study sheds light on the potential of mangrove-associated halophytes to efficiently produce PHB that is readily biodegradable in soil.
COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF PHYTOCOMPOUNDS WITH 1, 3 - Β-D-GLUCAN SYNTHASE FOR ANTIDERMATOPHYTIC ACTIVITY
(2014-02-27) M, Jeyam; M, Arangaraj; P, Ravikumar; G, Shalini
Skin diseases are the most common infection in humans as well as in animals caused by fungi like yeast, mould and dermatophytes. In this study, in silico analysis of 20 phytocompounds was carried out for their efficacy as antidermatophytic agents using the receptor 1, 3 - β -D-Glucan synthase. The 3D structure of the receptor obtained using Modeller9V8 was validated with Procheck, where Ramachandran plot showed 80.3% of residues in the most favoured region. The phytocompounds and the drugs Echinocandin B and Caspofungin were docked with 1, 3 - β -D-Glucan synthase using Glide. Though all the 20 compounds exhibited lesser energy than both Echinocandin B (-3.3Kcal/mol) and Caspofungin (-1.68 Kcal/mol), Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside exhibited very less energy (-11.56 Kcal/mol). Further, comparing to synthetic drugs, the entire compounds selected for this study showed high interaction with the modeled protein. Hence, the present study concludes that the efficacy of all phytocompounds used in this study act against dermatophyes and which will be very helpful to the researchers working in the area of dermatophye drug developments
THE CURRENT STATE OF ALGAE IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND ENERGY CONVERSION: A CRITICAL REVIEW
(Elsevier, 2023-06) Sabariswaran, Kandasamy; Mathiyazhagan, Narayanan; Rathinam, Raja; Kesavan, Devarayan; R, Kavitha
Due to the rapid expansion of the global economy and population, there aren't enough water resources accessible for direct human consumption. Therefore, water remediation will unavoidably take center stage on a worldwide platform. The development of microalgae can be supported by several types of wastewater (WW). They might be able to clean up pollutants from industry and urban effluents. Due to its low energy requirements, microalgae's capacity to survive in various environmental circumstances, and the potential to convert WW nutrients into high-value chemicals, microalgae-based wastewater treatment (WWT) has already received attention. Recent studies have reported using microalgae to remove pharmaceutical compounds and pesticides from wastewater produced by industrial and agricultural processes and removing nutrients from wastewater from WWTs. As a result, utilizing microalgae for both wastewater treatment and biofuel production could be a cost-effective solution to these challenges. This review emphasizes recent developments in the production of microalgae for WW cleanup. Additionally, it highlights the current problems and opportunities in the emerging algae-based sector.
DEVELOPMENT OF PORTABLE COLORIMETER FOR ON-SITE DETERMINATION OF WATER QUALITY IN AQUACULTURE
(Pigment & Resin Technology, 2022-05-25) Kesavan, Devarayan; Madhan, Kathavarayan; Anand, Theivasigamani; Monikandon, Sukumaran; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy
This study aims to describe the development of a battery-operated portable colorimeter for on-site determination of water quality in aquaculture.A simple and economical colorimeter is built using light sources of different wavelength and a light-dependent resistor combined with an electrical circuit. The whole system was fabricated as to fit into the pocket or palm for easy handling. The developed portable colorimeter was calibrated for estimation of nitrite. Further, the performance of developed portable colorimeters was compared with the commercially available colorimeter.Three colorimeters with different light sources were developed and calibrated for determination of nitrite in water. Among them, colorimeter with yellow light source exhibited higher potential for determination of nitrite in the range of 0.5–3.5 ppm. Further, the results of the developed colorimeter are comparable with the commercial colorimeter.The portable colorimeter developed in this study exhibits potential for determination of nitrite in aquaculture. Determination of nitrite at low concentrations is important for assessing the quality of culture as well as wastewater in aquaculture industry. The accuracy, portable nature, economy and simple operation of these portable colorimeters offer opportunity for on-site determination of water quality parameters in aquaculture.
DUAL SPECIFIC PROTEIN KINASES MEDIATE NEEM FRUIT EXTRACT-INDUCED DEFENSE GENE EXPRESSION IN SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.
(Elsevier, 2023-04) Bhuvaneshwari V; Paul P.K
The molecular aspects of interaction between botanical extracts and plant cells through Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades leading to the expression of defense genes are not well understood. The current study aims to better understand the role of dual-specific protein kinases in inducing defense gene expression in tomato as a result of aqueous neem fruit extract treatment.Staurosporine, Lavendustin A and K252a were used as kinase regulators which may modify the neem fruit extract induced MAPK cascades followed by defense gene expression in tomato plants. Tomato plants raised under aseptic conditions were treated either with neem fruit extract alone and pretreatment with either any one of the above kinase pathway inhibitors. Cytoplasmic defense proteins like PAL, TAL, and POX were studied for their activities and gene expression.. The differential reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) approach using mRNA extracted after treatment in all the groups was done for analyzing relative gene expression of PAL, POX and MAPKs, MAPKKs, MAPKKKs. The results demonstrated that neem fruit extract induced TAL and POX enzyme activities were inhibited by Staurosporine, Lavendustin A and K252a whereas PAL activities were inhibited by K252a only and superinduced by the pretreatment of Staurosporine or Lavendustin. Some of the neem fruit extract induced cytoplasmic and cell wall bound specific isoPOX proteins were inhibited by Lavendustin A / K252a, but Staurosporine could either inhibit / partially inhibit /superinduce them.. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that induction of gene expressions by neem treatment significantly inhibited the PAL, POX, all 3MAPKs, all 3 MAPKKKs, MAPKK1, MAPKK2, MAPKK3, MAPKK5 in plants pretreated with Lavendustin A and K252a but not by Staurosporine. Since Staurosporine can both activate and inhibit serine/threonine kinases our results indicate that staurosporine pretreatment in tomato plants treated with neem fruit extract leads to inhibition of TAL, POX activity, partial inhibition of cytoplasmic POX proteins, superinduction of PAL activity, cytoplasmic and cell wall bound POX proteins, their genes and MAPK cascade gene expression. The involvement of tyrosine kinases was confirmed by the inhibition of MAPK3, MAPKKs, defense gene and proteins by Lavendustin. Results indicate the expression of defense genes and enzymes in cytoplasm and cell wall by the neem fruit extract through the involvement of dual specific serine/threonine/Tyr (STY) kinases such as MAPK3, MAPKKs leading to establishment of signaling cascade.
EFFICACY OF EISENIA BICYCLIS PHLOROTANNINS IN THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES AND REDUCING INFLAMMATION
(Elsevier, 2023-04) Rathinam, Raja; Shanmugam, Hemaiswarya; Kulanthaiyesu, Arunkumar; N, Mathiyazhagan; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy; A, Arun; P, Ramasamy
Crude phlorotannins from Eisenia bicyclis (CPEb), a common perennial brown seaweed were screened for pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic effects. Crude Phlorotannins (CPEb) studied by FT-IR, LC-MS, UHPLC, and UV chromatography showed the occurrence of dieckol, 8, 8'-bieckol, fucofuroeckol, and the carotenoid, zeaxanthin (0.5 mg/kg). LPS, an inflammatory mediator, enhanced the production of cytokines such IL-1 (interleukin-1), IL-6 (interleukin-6), IL-8 (interleukin-8), IL-10 (interleukin-10), TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-α), chemokine CXCL10, and NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) in differentiated THP1 macrophage cells. On differentiated human monocytic cell line LPS-induced THP1 cells, CPEb was found to have anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the expression of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 (1.2 fold), CXCL10, NF-κB, and TNF-α. CPEb promoted 2-NBDG absorption in differentiated C2C12 myotubes under both basal (16.08%) and insulin-stimulated (51.09%) conditions. CPEb increased IRS/AKT-dependent glucose absorption and also activates the AMPK pathway. Anti-α-glucosidase, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of CPEb indicate their role in treating hyperglycemia by scavenging ROS and inflammatory responses.
ELUCIDATING THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIAL BLIGHT INCITANT XANTHOMONAS AUXONOPODIS PV. PUNICAE; A LIFE THREATENING PHYTOPATHOGEN OF POMEGRANATE (PUNICA GRANATUM. L) AND ASSESSMENT OF H2O2 ACCUMULATION DURING HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTION
(Pub Med, 2023-07-28) Nayana, Chathalingath; Anbarasi, Gunasekar
Bacterial blight of pomegranate caused by Xanthomonas auxonopodis pv.punicae (Xap) threaten the existence of a group of farmers for the past few decades who rely on pomegranate cultivation for their livelihood since it will cause huge yield loss. The primary focus of this study was to conduct a thorough analysis of the characterization of this blight incitant Xap. Physiological, biochemical, and molecular characteristics of six phytopathogenic strains of Xap, designated as PBF1 (PBF: Pomegranate Blight Fruit), PBF2, PBF3, PBF4, PBF5, and PBF6, isolated from the infected fruits were examined. Bacterial colonies were featured as gram-negative, yellow-pigmented circular with a glistening appearance. An attempt to determine the best culture medium, favouring bacterial proliferation was successfully done with four distinct medium, Nutrient Glucose Agar (NGA), Nutrient sucrose Agar (NSA), Yeast Dextrose Calcium Carbonate Agar (YDCA) and Yeast Glucose Calcium Carbonate Agar (YGCA) and comparatively, significant growth was found in NGA (66.66%) followed by YDCA (33%). According to the antibiotic susceptibility results, both ampicillin and streptomycin were determined as potentially effective drugs in preventing the proliferation of Xap (P 0.05). The reactive oxygen species-mediated plant immune response during host-pathogen interaction was confirmed by accessing the presence of H2O2 accumulation in infected leaves via 3,3 - diaminobenzidine (DAB) -staining technique. Bacterial isolates from this study were confirmed by two universal constitutive genes such as gyrB and 16S rRNA. From the BLAST analysis, the isolates were identified as Xap with base pair lengths of 1408bp, 1180bp, and 1159bp, which correspond to PBF1, PBF2, and PBF3, respectively. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree study explaining a strong phylogenetic relationship between the query sequence and closely related bacterial species.
EVALUATING MULTI-TARGET EFFICIENCY OF PHYTOCOMPOUNDS AGAINST DIABETES MELLITUS - AN IN SILICO APPROACH
(BIOINFO Drug Targets, 2014-05-29) Jeyam M; Priyadharshini K; Ravikumar P; Shalini G
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex mulitifactorial metabolic disorder resulting from either insulin insufficiency or insulin dysfunction. In the present study, the phytocompounds were selected from traditionally used medicinal plants and nutraceuticals and the selected targets for Diabetes Mellitus were Peroxisome Proliferator Activate Receptor gamma, Fructose 1-6 bisphosphate and Dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Using Glide (Schrodinger module), in silico docking of the phytocompounds with these targets was carried out and their efficacy was evaluated against DM. The docking results of the phytocompouds were compared with the corresponding synthetic drugs in order to explore the multi -targeting efficiency of the phytocompounds for treating diabetes. Of the 27 selected compounds from 12 plants, Glucobrassicin present in Capparis spinosa and Brassica oleracea (Broccoli) and Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) present in Camellia sinensis showed better interactions and glide score with all the 3 receptors than the corresponding drugs / inhibitor. From the present study it is concluded that the phytocompounds can be used as an appropriate lead molecules against diabetes. Further the nutraceuticals, Aegle marmelos, Brassica oleracea, Glycine max, Zingiber officinale, Capparis spinosa and Trigonella foenum graecum can be added as food supplement to reduce the risk of diabetes
EVALUATION OF ARTOCARPUS HIRSUTUS FRUIT PULP AGAINST ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
(2013-08-31) M., Jeyam; R., Peelaja Rani; G., Shalini; P., Ravikumar
The present study was aimed to identify the phytoconstituents from the methanolic extract of Artocarpus hirsutus fruit pulp using GC-MS analysis and dock the selected compounds with Acetylcholinesterase, a key target in the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). From the results of the selected compounds, Ethyl oleate showed better interaction with Acetylcholinesterase which had a better Glide Score of -7.5 Kcal/mol followed by Pentacosanoic acid, methyl ester (-6.7Kcal/mol), Methyl petroselinate (-6.1Kcal/mol), 3-Methyl-3-nonanol (- 5.8Kcal/mol), 2,2-Dimethylpropyl2,2-dimethyl propane sulfinylsulfone (-5.8 Kcal/mol), Methyl tricosaoate (-5.8Kcal/mol) when compared to the synthetic drug Rivastigmine (-5.6Kcal/mol). Further in vitro analysis of methanolic extract proved its high efficiency for antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging activity (90.80%), TPC (7.36±0.06), Reducing power ability (75.16±0.31)). The results of the study clearly indicates that Artocarpus hirsutus fruit pulp can be added as a food supplement to reduce the risk of several diseases related to oxidative stress, especially AD.
IDENTIFICATION OF MICROPLASTICS AS EMERGING CONTAMINANT IN BRANDED MILK OF TAMIL NADU STATE, INDIA
(EManuscript, 2022-04-04) Rajamani, Kiruba; Preethi M; Aganasteen R; Rithick Raj M; Hannah Thabitha C; Monica P; Sakthivel J; Levince C; Naseera Banu I
Nowadays, human exposure to microplastic particles through the contamination of foods may be a risk factor for human health. Microplastic particle contamination is highly intended in the food chain by consuming food products packed in plastic bags. In this study, around 13 brands (16 samples) of milk were collected from different parts of Tamil Nadu state, South India, and analysed. Results showed the presence of microplastic particles (polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyacrylamide) of size <500 µm. The result confirmed that the variability in the total number of microplastics per litre ranged from 164-427. The percentages of the microplastics in the tested samples were polyethylene (PE)-3.75%, polypropylene (PP)-6.61%, and polyacrylamide (PA) -2.67 %. Typical shapes like fibres, fragments, and pellets of different colours such as pink, purple, and blue were observed. The pellets range between 19 and 82 in number. The FTIR spectrum confirms the presence of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyacrylamide types of microplastic composition. Our results showed that consumption of microparticles is estimated to be 35–80 microparticles per day per person. This study provides a basic outline of microplastic contamination in branded milk samples, and the findings may have implications for understanding the negative effects of microplastics in the ecological food chain.
IMPROVEMENT OF EMISSION REDUCTION IN NANO ADDITIVE SIMAROUBA GLAUCA BIODIESEL BLENDS
(Taylor & Francis Online, 2018-06-26) Sabariswaran, Kandasamy; Selvakumar, Sundararaj
In this paper discussed about the emission profile from nano additive blended biodiesel. It is observed that minimum carbon dioxide was emitted in the presence of zinc oxide blends when compared to B20 and diesel. The hydrocarbon emission for the diesel and B20 was higher than that of the B20ZnO50 and B20ZnO100 blended fuels. The higher oxide of nitrogen emissions was observed with the B20ZnO50 and B20ZnO100 blended fuels at all engine loads when compared to B20 and diesel.
IN SILICO MODELING AND MOLECULAR DOCKING INSIGHTS OF KAEMPFERITRIN FOR COLON CANCER-RELATED MOLECULAR TARGETS
(Elsevier, 2021-07-29) Mydhili, Govindarasu; Shalini, Ganeshan; Mohammad, Azam Ansari; Mohammad N, Alomary; Sami, AlYahya; Saad, Alghamdi; Mazen, Almehmadi; Govindasamy, Rajakumar; Muthu, Thiruvengadam; Manju, Vaiyapuri
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and it is also one of the major causes of mortality from cancer. Chemotherapy drugs are generally limited due to various complications, as well as the development of resistance and recurrence. The in silico docking investigation involved exploration of protein or nucleotide, 3D structural modeling, molecular docking, and binding energy calculation. Protein-protein interactions are significant to many biological processes, and their disruption is a leading cause of disease. The use of small molecules to modulate them is gaining popularity, but protein interfaces usually lack specific cavities for processing small molecules. MMP-2, PARP, iNOS, Chk1, proteins were used in the molecular docking analysis of kaempferitrin and 5-flurouracil. The compound kaempferitrin had the highest binding energy scores with most of the target proteins, according to molecular docking results. The findings suggest it could be used to develop new drugs for cancer therapy.
IN SILICO SCREENING OF PHYTOCOMPOUNDS TO TARGET MALARIAL PLASMEPSIN II USING DOCKING ANALYSIS
(2011-07-01) Muthusamy, Jeyam; Periyasamy, Shanthi; Palanisamy, Ravikumar; Ganeshan, Shalini
Malaria, a global disease affecting 300-500 million and resulting in death of one to two million people annually, is caused by the protozoa, Plasmodium. The most deadly species Plasmodium falciparum is becoming increasingly resistant to drugs and it becomes essential to find out new antimalarial agents. Haemoglobin degradation is a parasite specific catabolic process and is very essential for the survival of parasite inside the human body. Two asparatic proteases from Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmepsin (Plm) I and II, initiate the degradation of haemoglobin. In this study, the haemoglobin degrading enzyme Plasmepsin II had been used as the target macromolecule. The phytocompounds and the synthetic drugs were docked in the active site of Plasmepsin II using glide software. Docked compounds were ranked according to the glide values and it was concluded that 6 natural compounds showed better results than the drugs and can be used against malarial Plasmepsin II.
INFLUENCE OF GADOLINIUM DOPED IN NICKEL NANOFERRITES ON STRUCTURAL, OPTICAL, ELECTRICAL, AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
(Elsevier, 2023-02) Bhuvaneshwari V; Lenin N; Shiva C; Kathirvel M; Ragavendran V; Rajeshwari A; Guruprakash B; Vinoth Kumar G.G
The sonochemical reaction approach was used to make NiGdxFe2-xO4 nanoferrites (x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.09). X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultra violet-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to investigate the optical, magnetic, electrical, and structural properties of NiGdxFe2-xO4 nanoferrites. The creation of a cubic spinel structure was confirmed by analyzing the XRD pattern of these NiGdxFe2-xO4 nanoferrites. The average crystallite diameters of the nanoparticles for the compositions x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.09 were 57, 53, 48, 45, and 41 nm, respectively. To investigate the dielectric behavior of the produced nanoferrites, an impedance study was performed. The addition of Gd to NiFe2-xO4 nanoparticles increased the dielectric characteristics of the produced nanoferrites, according to characterization experiments. A cation distribution has been proposed for the determination of various important theoretical parameters for these samples. The addition of Gd3+ nanoparticles has shown the ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature confirmed by VSM analysis. A specific correlation between magnetic interaction and lattice strain was observed in Gd3+ substituted nickel ferrite. An increase in Gd concentration in the manufactured nanoferrites resulted in a rise in saturation magnetization and a decrease in coercivity.
INSIGHTS FROM THE MOLECULAR DOCKING ANALYSIS OF COLISTIN WITH THE PMRA PROTEIN MODEL FROM ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII
(Pub Med, 2022) Shalini, Ganeshan; Mohammad, Reza Shakibaie; Rajaguru, Rajagopal
Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections. Therefore, it is of interest to design and develop drugs against Acinetobacter baumannii. A strain of AB showing MIC 32 µg/ml against colistin was isolated from a hospital environment in Iran. Hence, we document data to glean insights from the molecular docking analysis of colistin with the PmrA protein from this bacterium.
KINETIC STUDIES OF PARTIALLY PURIFIED LIPASE FROM MARINE ACTINOMYCETE STREPTOMYCES ACRIMYCINI NGP 1
(Kongunadu Arts and Science College, 2020) Vishnupriya B; Anbarasi G
This study was focused on partial purification and characterization of lipase from Streptomyces acrimyciniNGP 1, isolated from marine sediment of south Indian coastal region. In purification steps, 4.53 fold purification was achieved after 85% ammonium sulphate precipitation with 0.97 percent recovery. In further purification steps, 1.33 fold purification was achieved by Sephadex G-100 chromatography with 1.61 percent of recovery. The specific activity of purified enzyme was 1525 U/mg. Zymogram of crude enzyme on native-PAGE presented bands with lipase activity of molecular weight and Isoelectric point were 50 kDa and 7.4 respectively. These features render this lipase of interest as a biocatalyst for applications such as biodiesel production and detergent formulations.
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF PPCPS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT: A REVIEW
(Pub Med, 2023-08) Mathiyazhagan, Narayanan; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy; Jintae, Lee; Selvaraj, Barathi
The Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) presence at harmful levels has been identified in aquatic ecosystems all over the world. Currently, PPCPs are more common in aquatic regions and have been discovered to be extremely harmful to aquatic creatures. Waste-water treatment facilities are the primary cause of PPCPs pollution in aquatic systems due to their limited treatment as well as the following the release of PPCPs. The degree of PPCPs elimination is primarily determined by the method applied for the remediation. It must be addressed in an eco-friendly manner in order to significantly improve the environmental quality or, at the very least, to prevent the spread as well as effects of toxic pollutants. However, when compared to other methods, environmentally friendly strategies (biological methods) are less expensive and require less energy. Most biological methods under aerobic conditions have been shown to degrade PPCPs effectively. Furthermore, the scientific literature indicates that with the exception of a few extremely hydrophobic substances, biological degradation by microbes is the primary process for the majority of PPCPs compounds. Hence, this review discusses about the optimistic role of microbe concerned in the degradation or transformation of PPCPs into non/less toxic form in the polluted environment. Accordingly, more number of microbial strains has been implicated in the biodegradation/transformation of harmful PPCPs through a process termed as bioremediation and their limitations.
N-GLYCAN MATURATION IS CRUCIAL FOR CYTOKININ-MEDIATED DEVELOPMENT AND CELLULOSE SYNTHESIS IN ORYZA SATIVA
(Pub Med, 2013-02-25) Wahyu, Indra Duwi Fanata; Kyoung, Hwan Lee; Bo, Hwa Son; Jae, Yong Yoo; Rikno, Harmoko; Ki, Seong Ko; Nirmal Kumar, Ramasamy; Kyung, Hwa Kim; Doo, Byoung Oh; Hyun, Suk Jung; Jae, Yean Kim; Sang, Yeol Lee; Kyun, Oh Lee
To explore the physiological significance of N-glycan maturation in the plant Golgi apparatus, gnt1, a mutant with loss of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnTI) function, was isolated in Oryza sativa. gnt1 exhibited complete inhibition of N-glycan maturation and accumulated high-mannose N-glycans. Phenotypic analyses revealed that gnt1 shows defective post-seedling development and incomplete cell wall biosynthesis, leading to symptoms such as failure in tiller formation, brittle leaves, reduced cell wall thickness, and decreased cellulose content. The developmental defects of gnt1 ultimately resulted in early lethality without transition to the reproductive stage. However, callus induced from gnt1 seeds could be maintained for periods, although it exhibited a low proliferation rate, small size, and hypersensitivity to salt stress. Shoot regeneration and dark-induced leaf senescence assays indicated that the loss of GnTI function results in reduced sensitivity to cytokinin in rice. Reduced expression of A-type O. sativa response regulators that are rapidly induced by cytokinins in gnt1 confirmed that cytokinin signaling is impaired in the mutant. These results strongly support the proposed involvement of N-glycan maturation in transport as well as in the function of membrane proteins that are synthesized via the endomembrane system.
OCCURRENCE OF THE NEAR THREATENED TIGER SHARK, GALEOCERDO CUVIER PERON AND LESUEUR, 1822 FROM CUDDALORE COASTAL WATERS, TAMIL NADU, SOUTHEAST COAST OF INDIA
(2020-07-07) B, Sureandiran; M P, Arulmoorthy; G, Anbarasi; M, Srinivasan
Galeocerdo cuvier Peron and Lesueur, 1822 is a tiger shark, a common predatory shark distributed in temperate and tropical countries globally. G. cuvier is also synonymised as G. arcticus (Faber, 1829) and G. rayneri (Mc Donald & Barron, 1868). We report the first observation of one male and one female tiger shark captured by otter trawler at Mudasalodai landing centre, Cuddalore coastal waters, southeast coast of India. Sex was identified by the presence of pair of claspers observed in the ventral side. Male specimen weighed about 1.9 kg and female weighed about 1.65 kg. The morphometric characters of the shark were measured and tabulated. The present study confirmed the occurrence of G. cuvier along the southeast coast of India particularly in the Tamil Nadu coastal waters.