3.Book Chapter (18)

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IMPACT OF SELECT COMPANIES FROM INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SECTORAL INDICES
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Lekha Shree, S; Amudha, A; Baby, M K; Bharathi K, Dhivya
Performance on the stock market as a whole is thought to reflect a country’s financial and economic condition. The market for shares is a crucial component of the financial system and a catalyst for industrial growth. Since share prices are extremely sensitive to changes in the economic and political arenas, they serve as a window into how a nation’s economy is doing. Additionally, company investment as well as economic expansion may be directly impacted by stock market volatility. With the rise in F.I.I investment, the two main issues of return and volatility have taken on greater significance for Indian Investors, regulators, brokers, policymakers, dealers, and researchers. Analyzing how Sectoral listings influence the pricing of certain companies is one of the study’s main goals. The data utilized throughout this probe are secondary. The current research is centered on industrialization and Sectoral analysis. The researcher examined the stock returns and the effects of certain firms from the NSE Sectoral Indices using a variety of statistical methodologies. From the standpoint of an investor, these research results might prove highly beneficial for assisting them in deciding what type of derivative to buy in particular those with a wider range and yield greater financial success.
REFINING TALENT MANAGEMENT: NAVIGATING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Mythili, D; Saranya, V; Akalya, V; Ranganayaki, C; Mathiyarasan, M
In today's global landscape, marked by intense competition, innovation, and creativity emerge as pivotal corporate strategies to excel and elevate oneself in this knowledge-driven economy. Within this context, human resources stand out as the most valuable and indispensable asset, playing a crucial role in the smooth and effective functioning of organizations. The success of any enterprise hinges on the commitment, hard work, and loyalty of its employees, making talent the primary driving force behind organizational triumphs. Consequently, effective workforce management becomes paramount for organizations seeking to thrive in the modern economic climate. For HR managers, the task of identifying, recruiting, selecting, and retaining competent individuals tailored to their specific industrial needs poses a significant challenge. This paper is dedicated to providing insights into how talent management strategies, particularly within the Information Technology sector, contribute to an organization's competitive advantage.
HARNESSING INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) FOR OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN RETAIL STORES: INNOVATIONS, BENEFITS, AND CHALLENGES (Book Chapter)
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Karthikeyan K; Brindha T.C; Sujaritha D.; Dhanasekar E; Mathuthra O; Gowrishankar R
This study explores how the Internet of Things (IoT) positively impacts retail store operations, integrating retail marketing, working capital, analytics, and cloud systems to achieve greater control over data and enhance technological sophistication. IoT supports decision-making in product category management, pricing strategies, promotional mix, communication channels, supply chain management, customer care services, cash management, payment systems, inventory management, data privacy and security, feature customization, and employee management through the automation of big data analysis. By addressing challenges in retail store operations, the study emphasizes the need for specific and comprehensive conceptualizations and measures of analysis within organized retail outlets. The article defines and operationalizes control activities to capture retail store effectiveness using IoT, based on data collected from 230 functional heads in organized retail stores whose well adopted with IoT. Focusing on quantitative measure validation, the study confirms that retail heads can make strategic decisions for retail expansion by leveraging IoT in their businesses. The findings are validated through simple percentage analysis, ANOVA, correlation, regression, and the SEM model, presenting both theoretical and practical implications. The Internet of Things has impact on the retail store operation and performance. Further the key variables in the segment should given focus analysis for rapid growth and development of retail sectors.
DROWSINESS DETECTION IN DRIVERS: A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH USING HOUGH CIRCLE CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM FOR EYE RETINA IMAGES
(CRC Press, 2024-01) Viji Gripsy, J; Sheela Selvakumari N., N A; Sahul Hameed, S; Jamila Begam, M
Driving has become one of the most important routine works in our everyday life. For many people it is difficult to imagine a life without driving. Accidents are a persistent and inevitable part of driving. Hence automatic drowsiness detection has become a major challenge in research perspective. In this research work, drowsiness detection technique has been implemented using machine learning (ML) techniques. In this methodology, a preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction and classification steps to perform. This work proposed hough circle (HC) classification algorithm for detecting drowsiness of the eye retina images. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the suggested hierarchical clustering method through the utilization of diverse metrics. According to the results of the performance evaluation, the suggested HC algorithm demonstrated a 90.8% accuracy rate, along with a minimal execution time and a lower error rate compared to existing algorithms. © 2025 selection and editorial matter, Jaiteg Singh, S B Goyal, Rajesh Kumar Kaushal, Naveen Kumar and Sukhjit Singh Sehra; individual chapters, the contributors.
NANOPHOSPHOROUS FERTILIZER: PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE PRACTICES (Book Chapter)
(Elsevier, 2024-01) Bhuvaneshwari, V
The increasing global population has led to a rise in food demand, driving farmers to rely on conventional fertilizers (CFs) that often prove ineffective. However, nanomaterials have shown promise in improving agricultural productivity. Nanoscale active substances can be released and distributed in a controlled manner, offering advantages over CFs. Among the primary plant nutrients, phosphorus (P) is often scarce in farmlands. To maximize P usage efficiency and preserve agricultural productivity, nanosized phosphorous fertilizers are being developed to increase plant yield, photosynthetic rate, nutrient use efficiency, and reduce negative environmental impacts. This chapter explores the recent findings and potential applications of nanotechnology in biofortifying plant nutrition, with a focus on P fertilizers. It addresses challenges, environmental side effects, and harmful consequences that have been investigated. The synthesis and use of nanophosphorus-based fertilizers for smart, precise, and sustainable agriculture are discussed. Although nanophosphorus fertilizers have the potential to enhance plant growth and production, further research is needed before their widespread adoption in agriculture and commercial availability. Nanotechnology offers a solution to runoff and low phosphorus availability issues associated with conventional phosphate fertilizers.
INTRODUCTION: NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY FOR FOOD PROCESSING AND PACKAGING (Book Chapter)
(Elsevier, 2024-01) Arunadevi, Natrajan; Kshitij RB, Singh; Sushma, Thapa; Ajeet Kumar, Kaushik; Jay, Singh; Ravindra, Pratap Singh
The role of nanobiotechnology in the food industry was found to be an eco-friendly, low-cost, easy synthetic procedure and management method, and helps to reduce the decomposition of food material. Nanoparticles-based food packaging system delivers improved barrier and mechanical characteristics, food preservation, and increased shelf life, thus, attracting both consumers and manufacturers. Hence in this chapter, we presented the role of different nanomaterials in food processing and packaging, its merits, and mitigating the disadvantages of improper handling of these nanocompounds.
OPTIMIZING CONGESTION COLLISION USING EFFECTIVE RATE CONTROL WITH DATA AGGREGATION ALGORITHM IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK (Book Chapter)
(CRC Press, 2024-01) Deepa, K; Arunpriya, C; Sasikala, M
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) offered promising opportunities for the development of ubiquitous and pervasive computing. However, the implementation of WSNs encountered many barriers and problems. These included the dynamic nature of network topology and the occurrence of congestion, both of which had a detrimental impact on network capacity utilization and overall performance. In WSN systems, the transmission of packets occurs from nodes with low congestion levels to nodes with high congestion levels, resulting in a decrease in energy levels for nodes located in close proximity to the sink nodes. The effective rate control with data aggregation (ERCDA) strategy employs an efficient data aggregation technique to enhance the equitable utilization of battery power across all nodes involved. The proposed methodology is executed on the NS2.35 platform and evaluated in terms of throughput, packet loss, end-to-end delay, and source data transmission rate adjustment. According to simulations, it has been shown that the use of ERCDA exhibits a higher degree of efficacy in comparison to conventional congestion-handling approaches.
PERSEVERANCE MATTERS: ADULT RISK ATTITUDE TOWARD HEALTH AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING
(Elsevier, 2024-01-01) Maya, R; Anjana, V.J; Nanthini, B
Health holds immense importance in our lives, affecting multiple dimensions of our well-being and life satisfaction. The significance of well-being in our lives cannot be overstated, influencing diverse facets of our overall health and life satisfaction. A cautious and health-conscious approach often leads to better psychological well-being because it impacts our ability to pursue our dreams, enjoy daily activities, and contribute to meaningful society. The paper is focused on to examine the relationship between health-risk attitude and psychological well-being. A total of 132 samples (age between 18 and 45) were collected by using convenience sampling method. Sociodemographic details, 13 items Health-Risk Attitude Scale (HRAS-13), and 18 items Ryff Psychological well-being were used to collect data. Results show that based on standardized coefficient, autonomy comes in second place to positive relation with others (0.336) as the most significant variables to extract health-risk mindset (0.296). Individual perception toward health can impact their overall psychological well-being. It empowers individuals to take charge of their health, enables effective health interventions, and contributes to building healthier and happier communities. Prioritizing health through a balanced lifestyle, regular exercise, proper nutrition, and mental well-being strategies is essential for a fulfilling and purposeful life.
MXENES-BASED BIOSENSORS
(Wiley, 2024-01-01) Thapa, Sushma; Singh Kshitij, R B; Natarajan, Arunadevi; Kerry, Rout George; Singh, Jay; Pandey Shyam, S; Singh, Ravindra Pratap
MXenes are recently developed two-dimensional (2D) inorganic compounds with few atomic layers that have exceptional properties, for instance, thermal, magnetic, optical, electronic, and mechanical. Owing to their excellent properties, chemical composition, and layered structure, MXene is one of the prime materials for the advancement of biosensors, among other latest nanomaterials. Fabricating advanced biosensors with high selectivity and sensitivity is one of the most required concerns in biosensors. Numerous nanomaterials, including MXenes, have been introduced to fabricate biosensors for obtaining high selectivity and sensitivity. Therefore, in this book chapter, advanced biosensors were discussed based on 2D MXene for biomedical, agricultural, and environmental remediation applications
INTRODUCTION: AN OVERVIEW OF NANOCOATINGS TOWARD MEDICAL DEVICE
(Elsevier, 2024-01-01) Natarajan, Arunadevi; Singh, RB Kshitij; Solanki, R Pratima; Singh, Jay; Singh, Ravindra Pratap
Nanomaterial’s research has many interesting and proven results in the progression of the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. The process of interlinking nanoparticles/composites with medical devices in the form of coatings and target delivery systems paved new horizons for the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. The outstanding characteristics and functional properties of nanomaterials upsurge the efficacy, decrease the difficulties connected with medical devices, and advance the accuracy and function of drug delivery systems. Hence, in this chapter, we presented the role of nanomaterial in medical devices with the help of nanotechnology, their merits, and mitigating the disadvantages of improper handling of these nanocompounds.
THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS BY PHYTOCONSTITUENTS IN NEUROLOGICAL AILMENTS
(CRC Press, 2024-01-01) Narasimhan, Aarthi; Sivakumar, Sri Raagavee; Chelladurai, Karthikeyan Subbiahanadar; Rajagopalan, Kamarajan; Christyraj, Jackson Durairaj Selvan
Neurological disorders are one of the most common disorders among humans, with one in three people around the world being affected at some point in their lives. Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and multiple sclerosis are the most common examples heard. As there is no certain cure, it is critical to continue and deepen research. In the initial days, scientists believed that the main reason for neurological disorders is due to the modification of genes and somatic changes. As more information about neural networks and their associated diseases became available, a new discovery emerged: Changes in gene expression are not always caused by changes in the genetic sequence. Epigenetic modifications play a huge role in maintaining the homeostasis of the cell by activating and deactivating certain gene mechanisms. This action might be beneficial to the body or might create increased harm. Changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, or altered microRNA expression patterns are examples of epigenetic changes. These changes are known to be related and to play a significant role in neurological disorders and the failure of conventional treatment. Diet and lifestyle have a big impact on epigenetic alterations. In this regard, dietary phytochemicals taken as dietary supplements have shown promise in reversing these epigenetic changes, controlling the expression of genes and cellular targets, and thus preventing age-related disorders via altering the epigenome. One of the most common issues leading to an increase in neurological disorders is oxidative stress. Phytochemicals have antioxidant properties, which help in reducing oxidative stress and decreasing the chance of the occurrence of neurological disorders. This chapter talks about neurological diseases, their epigenetic mechanisms, and the epigenetic modifications of the phytochemicals used to treat them.
HUMAN DIGITAL TWIN PROCESSES AND THEIR FUTURE
(Springer Nature, 2024-01-01) Gnanamalar R, Hepziba
In recent years, the concept of the human digital twin has emerged as a promising approach to revolutionize healthcare and unlock the full potential of precision medicine. By creating a virtual replica of an individual’s biological, physiological, and behavioral characteristics, a human digital twin can be used to develop personalized treatment plans, improve disease prevention, and discover genetics that contribute to health and disease. A human digital twin enables a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between environmental and lifestyle factors. It is used in various industries, such as aerospace and automotive, to optimize product design, predict performance, and improve maintenance. However, the application of this concept to human health is still in its early stages. Significant challenges remain to be overcome, and significant gains could be realized. One of the key benefits of the human digital twin is the ability to integrate and analyze large numbers of data from various sources, such as electronic medical records, genomic information, wearable devices, and even social media. A comprehensive view of human health can identify early warning signs of disease, enabling timely intervention and prevention strategies. For example, digital twins can be used to predict an individual’s risk of developing diabetes on the basis of their genetic makeup, lifestyle, and environmental factors, allowing healthcare providers to tailor diet and exercise regimens to reduce that risk. Plans can be recommended. The human digital twin could unlock the full potential of precision medicine and transform medicine as we know it. Digital twins provide comprehensive and dynamic representations of an individual’s health status to improve patient outcomes, provide personalized prevention and treatment, and broaden our understanding of the complex factors that influence health and disease. Strategies can be formulated. However, realizing these benefits will require overcoming significant technical, ethical, and regulatory challenges and fostering collaboration among researchers, healthcare providers, patients, and policymakers. The successful integration of the human digital twin into healthcare will undoubtedly pave the way for a new era of personalized, data-driven medicine that improves individual and collective health. This chapter consists of seven sections. Section “Introduction” discusses the history, evolution, process, advantages, and disadvantages of human digital twin technologies. Section “HDT Process with Various Recent Technologies” deliberates about the integration of various recent technologies with human digital twin (HDTs). A conceptual paradigm for HDTs is described in section “Conceptual Paradigm for DT and HDT”. An HDT and a human being are compared in section “Human Digital Twin Technology and Human Beings”. The different types of wearable technologies featuring HDTs are categorized in section “Wearable Devices and HDTs”. Section “Development of Human Digital Twins in Healthcare” provides information on the development of HDTs in healthcare. Finally, section “Conclusion” concludes all other sections.
POTASSIUM-ION BATTERIES RECENT TRENDS AND CHALLENGES
(CRC Press, 2024-01-01) Nithya, C; Kiruthiga, R
Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) have attracted much attention for their multifarious applications in next-generation energy storage devices because of their high abundance and low cost. KIBs utilize K+ ions for charge storage, which gained considerable attention due to their unique properties. The low redox potential of K+/K couple, along with a great mobility of K+ ion in organic electrolytes due to the weak Lewis acidic nature of non-aqueous electrolytes, results in high energy density with fast reaction kinetics. However, the development of suitable electrode and electrolyte materials is essential for large-scale grid storage applications. Recent research on KIBs is still under progress; however, the overall understanding of the shortcomings of each component and possible approaches for further development is essential for the exploration of new electrode materials/electrolytes and designing strategies for high-performing potassium-ion batteries. In this chapter, we systematically summarize and discuss the recent progress of electrode materials on the nanoscale and address the choice of electrolytes as they directly influence the electrochemical performance of KIBs. Here we further discuss the challenging issues associated with intercalation, conversion, and alloying-based electrode materials. In the end, rational designing of appropriate and efficient electrode materials is also proposed for further developing KIBs for practical applications.
EDUCATIONAL AUGMENTED REALITY WORKING METHODOLOGY OPPORTUNITIES AND APPS
(CRC Press, 2024-02-16) Amsaveni, R; Punithavalli, M
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INTRODUCTION TO NANOCARBON
(Springer Link, 2024-02-23) Shivaraj, Dhanushree; Chandrasekaran, Nithya
The field of nanomaterials has received much attention in recent years for its cutting-edge applications in areas such as energy, environmental, and life sciences. Owing to their distinct physio-chemical characteristics, nanocarbon with various dimensions such as 0D fullerenes and carbon-dots, 1D graphene nanoribbons and carbon nanotubes, 2D graphene oxides and graphene, and 3D nanodiamonds have gained a great deal of interest for applications in photovoltaics, optoelectronics, and electronics and as well as bio-imaging, sensing, and therapeutics. More interestingly graphene and CNTs offer unique structural properties like flexibility, mechanical stability, and electrical and thermal stability which create a revolution in the field of energy storage and sensing applications. This chapter systematically summarizes the synthesis of nanocarbons with distinct morphology and discusses how the synthesis methods influence the structural properties of nanocarbons. Further, the challenges in the synthesis methods and future perspectives of nanocarbons also discussed.
SOURCE, TRANSPORT, AND ACCUMULATION OF MICROFIBER WASTES IN THE ENVIRONMENT (Book Chapter)
(Springer Link, 2024-02-25) Charulatha, S; Thangamani, K S
Increases in world population and a persistent need for plastics and plastic items are to blame for an ongoing rise in plastic production, trash creation and the ensuing ecological damage. The worldwide ecosystem is becoming more and more at risk from new pollutants like microfibres. One of the most popular research areas in environmental science seems to have been microfibre litter. Yet, there is disagreement on the environmental as well as ecological implications of the term “microfibre”. It is extremely difficult to find and implement strategies to limit the intake of microfibres due to the intricacy of the microfibre release processes and the elements involved. There is an urgent need for a thorough strategy that considers options at several levels. Toxic chemical elements may seep into food, beverages and water as a result of prolonged use and exposure of plastics and plastic items to high temperatures. Public health risks can result from the airborne emission of harmful compounds caused by the careless disposal of plastics on land and open-air burning. So, this chapter seeks to discuss a broad overview of the origins, modes of transmission, adverse effects of microfibres, regulatory and remediate approaches to handle these pollutants, ecology and accurate control strategies that are feasible for treatment of microfibre contamination. The final section will highlight the significant responsibilities for business, governments and investors in driving action on this problem.
NATURE-INSPIRED OPTIMIZED ARTIFICIAL BEE COLONY FOR DECISION MAKING IN ENERGY-EFFICIENT WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS (Book Chapter)
(IGI Global, 2024-04-15) Gripsy J, Viji; Sasikala, M
In recent times, there has been a surge in the popularity of nature-inspired algorithms (NIAs) for addressing challenging and complex nonlinear difficult problems. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) provide a wide range of concerns and challenges that must be addressed when formulating methodologies and algorithms aimed at conserving energy and enhancing the overall lifespan of the network. This chapter examines and analyzes optimization-based energy-efficient strategies for clustering and routing using optimization algorithms. The major challenges in WSNs are to provide low energy consumption, enhancing network lifetime, minimizing interference in communication, improving data rate, balancing network load and quality network functioning, etc. The chapter improves the quality of service of the network by lengthening network lifetime for more packet transmission. The proposed optimized artificial bee colony (OABC) outperformed in comparison to the existing algorithms in terms of less packet loss, higher network lifetime, minimum energy consumption, and lesser average execution time.
SILVER NANOPARTICLES BASED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS FOR ANTI-BACTERIAL AND ANTIVIRAL APPLICATIONS (Book Chapter)
(American Chemical Society, 2024-06-26) Arunadevi, Natarajan; Kshitij RB, Singh; Pooja, Singh; Jay, Singh; Shyam S, Pandey; Ravindra Pratap, Singh
Bacterial and viral infections are significant global health issues due to the destructive side effects of prolonged use of resistant drugs. In this regard, there is an imperative need for the progress of stable and effective substitutes to traditional antiviral drugs. Silver particles possess potent anti-bacterial and antiviral properties against several pathogens. Silver nanoparticles are the complete package of remarkable properties like, biocompatible, non-toxic, and user-friendly with excellent physical and chemical properties. In recent decades, scientists paid more attention to research related to developing and applying silver nanoparticle-based functional materials. These materials have broad applications, diagonally from sensors to therapeutic agents. The focus of this chapter is to provide a thorough analysis of silver nanoparticles in a different arena. This chapter also explores silver nanoparticles; synthesis, mechanism, and pharmacological application in wound healing, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Due to inadequate awareness about the dosage of the nanoparticles, the toxicity level was increased, leading to severe environmental impact. So, the challenges to be addressed before the commercialization of silver nanoparticles for therapy were discussed in detail.
ENHANCING HEALTHCARE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS WITH ADVANCED ANALYTICS AND MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES
(IGI Global, 2024-07-23) Renugadevi R, R; Ranjith Kumar, P; Kalaiarasi, G; Raj A, Arul Edwin; Settu, Sivabalan; Ruthravarshini, R
This chapter outlines the need for intelligent decision support, growing complexity of healthcare systems, key concepts of advanced analytics, and elucidating techniques such as data preprocessing and feature engineering. The survey extends to address challenges and opportunities within the realm of healthcare analytics, offering insights into ethical considerations, privacy concerns, and regulatory implications. Real-world case studies serve to illuminate successful implementations and extract valuable lessons, fostering a deeper understanding of practical applications. This chapter explores the integration of analytics with electronic health records (EHR), examining strategies to enhance decision support through the utilization of comprehensive healthcare data. The chapter, by distilling pertinent information from myriad sources, aims to provide a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers navigating the dynamic intersection of advanced analytics, machine learning, and healthcare decision support systems.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF LEARNING RULES AND ARCHITECTURE OF PERCEPTRON IN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS (ANNS) (Book Chapter)
(CRC Press, 2024-1) Shanthini S; Devi, M. Sindhana; Grace, R. Suriya
The complicated neural networks of the human mind have acted as a significant model for creating artificial neural networks (ANNs) of computational intelligence. ANNs can recognize patterns in data, make decisions, and perform other functions. The study provides a comprehensive review that explores ANNs by analysing the crucial elements of learning rules and perceptron architectures. This chapter clarifies the foundational learning rules underlying ANNs’ ability to adapt and generalize from data. The investigation comprehensively inspects the vital elements of learning rules and perceptron architectures in Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) inspired by the detailed neuronal networks of the human brain. This chapter subsequently explores the dynamic realm of perceptron architectures within ANNs. Single-layer perceptrons are examined for their inability to handle intricate relationships. In contrast, multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) emerge as formidable solutions. The complex composition of MLPs, characterized by input, hidden, and output layers, is deconstructed, highlighting their potential to capture intricate non-linear patterns through the strategic deployment of activation functions. This analysis showcases a merging of academic notions and actionable effects. The combined effect between learning rules and perceptron architectures forms the foundation of ANNs’ expertise in pattern recognition, prediction, and decision-making tasks. By comprehensively understanding these underpinnings, researchers and practitioners can connect the potential of ANNs across diverse domains.