a) 2025 - 27 Documents

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    EXTRACTION, CHARACTERIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MICROPLASTICS FROM LANDFILL SOIL (Article)
    (Kalpana Corporation, 2025-01) Vinod, Veena; Amritha P.S; Harathi P.B
    Recently, landfills have become the major sink of all the microplastic waste and hazardous materials that adhere to their surfaces. Hence, it is of utmost importance to detect and estimate the presence of microplastics in landfills to ascertain the fate and impact of these pollutants on the terrestrial environment. Therefore, in this study, the soil samples were collected from seven points of landfills from three layers, extracted using a standard protocol, examined under a stereomicroscope and identified using ATR-FTIR analysis. The abundance of microplastic was high in layer 1 with 64%. Fragments and fibers were abundant in all three layers. The microplastic of size range 0-1 mm were predominantly found in all the layers. Colours, such as white, transparent and blue, were abundant. In addition, the physico-chemical parameters of the site were also studied.
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    NON-INVASIVE MEASUREMENT OF SPOILAGE OF PACKED FISH USING HALOCHROMIC SENSOR (Article)
    (Emerald Publishing, 2025-02-21) Devarayan, Kesavan; Palanisamy, Yazhiniyan; Mohan, Gangeswar; Theivasigamani, Anand; Kandasamy, Sabariswaran; Sekar, Vimaladevi; Siluvai John, Evon Umesh; Sukumaran, Monikandon; Marimuthu, Ramar; Anjappan, Hema
    Purpose: This study aims to develop a pH-functional thin-film sensor for non-invasive measurement of spoilage of packed fish. Design/methodology/approach: At first, polymers of natural origin such as hydroxy(propyl)methyl cellulose, potato dextrose agar and starch alongside a pH sensitive-mixed indicator formulation were used to produce thin film sensor. The developed thin film sensor was tested for monitoring the spoilage of seafood stored at 4°C. Using ultraviolet-visible and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, the halochromic sensor was characterised. In addition, the halochromic response of the thin film was directly correlated to the total volatile base nitrogen emitted by the packaged fish, pH, microbial activity and sensory evaluation. Findings: The results suggested the developed biopolymer-based thin film sensor showed different colours in line with the spoilage of the packed fish, which could be well correlated with the total volatile base nitrogen, microbial activity and sensory evaluation. In addition, the thin film sensors exhibited a high degree of biodegradability. The biopolymers-based thin film halochromic sensor has exhibited excellent biodegradability along with sensitiveness towards the spoilage of the packed fish. Originality/value: In the future, consumers and retailers may prefer seafood containers equipped with such halochromic sensors to determine the degree of food deterioration as a direct indicator of food quality.
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    RECENT TRENDS IN USE OF PLANT-DERIVED CARBON DOT-BASED FLUORESCENT PROBES FOR HEAVY METAL ION DETECTION AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS (Review)
    (Elsevier B.V., 2025) Venkatesan, Geetha; Sathiyan, Govindasamy
    Plant-derived carbon dots (CDs) have drawn a lot of interest as superior nanomaterials because of their sustainable nature, biocompatibility, and environmentally friendly synthesis, which sets them apart from other CDs made from non-renewable resources. The synthesis of CDs from natural sources such as fruits, leaves, bark, stem, flower, seed and biowaste by hydrothermal, pyrolysis, and microwave-assisted method have been investigated to modify the size and features of CDs. The plant-derived CDs exhibit greater sensitivity and selectivity, and their high photoluminescent properties makes it possible to detect physiological and ecological significant metal ions like iron (Fe³⁺), copper (Cu²⁺), lead (Pb²⁺), and mercury (Hg²⁺). This study focuses mainly on crucial elements such as absorption, emission, sensitivity, selectivity, and limits of detection of metal ions, a thorough examination of their sensing characteristics is provided. This review article comprehensively summarizes plant-based CDs with different synthesis methods, characterization techniques, metal ion sensing and its mechanism, stability and biological imaging of CDs. Additionally, we discussed the plant derived CDs for the detection of pesticides and drugs. These CDs also find extensive applications in environmental remediation by offering a sustainable alternative for detecting harmful pollutants. Beyond these sensing, their biological uses of plant-derived CDs, such as bioimaging, antioxidant activity, and therapeutic potential, are finally addressed. This review emphasizes the bright future of plant-derived CDs in biomedicine and sustainable nanotechnology, with a focus on their biological applications and improved sensing capabilities in research development
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    THE FRINGE BENEFIT OF INDUSTRY 4.0 AND INDUSTRY 5.0 ON THE EDUCATIONAL SECTOR: A COMPREHENSIVE BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW (Book Chapter)
    (IGI Global, 2025-01-31) Vijay, Vihas; Lakshmi, J. Divya
    This chapter presents a bibliometric analysis of literature published between 2012 and 2024, exploring the impact of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 technologies on education. Using a dataset of 3281 Scopus-indexed records, the study identifies trends, research patterns, key contributions, and popular keywords. Bibliometric tools like Biblioshiny reveal global research trends, significant studies, and collaboration networks. The analysis highlights the influence of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and robotics on education, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing scenario-based learning and strategic human resource management. By examining the top 10 contributing papers, this study provides insights for policymakers, educators, and researchers, stressing the need for multidisciplinary research, global collaboration, and longitudinal studies to harness the educational potential of these technological advancements.
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    CORRECTION TO: INTEGRATING SOLID STEM AND MULTIPLE DISEASE RESISTANCE FOR DEVELOPING CLIMATE-RESILIENT WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) (Erratum)
    (Akademiai Kiado ZRt, 2023-01-23) Shajitha P.; Nisha R; Sivasamy M; Jayaprakash P; Vikas V.K; Gajalakshmi K; Mallick, Niharikha; Babu, Prashanth; Yadav, Rajbir; Vijaishree S; Akileshwaran K.; Peter, John
    In this article there is a misrepresentation of rainfall data in the Materials and Methods section under the Study Location and Plant Materials subsection. The original text inaccurately attributes higher rainfall during the winter season to the southwest monsoon. The corrected text, which aligns with regional meteorological data, is shown below. Original Text (3rd to 5th sentences in the subsection): The summer months, particularly from June to October, experience significantly higher rainfall due to the southwest monsoon, contributing approximately 1000–1200 mm to the region’s total annual precipitation. The winter (Rabi) months (November to April) generally have reduced rainfall, averaging around 200–400 mm. This lower precipitation is often attributed to occasional western disturbances, resulting in more stable weather patterns during the winter season. Corrected Text: During the winter season (Rabi, November to March), the northeast monsoon contributes the majority of the annual rainfall, averaging 1000–1200 mm. Despite this higher rainfall, crops are typically in the active tillering stage, which benefits from consistent soil moisture. Conversely, during the summer season (Kharif, June to September), the southwest monsoon contributes a lesser amount of 200–400 mm, but the number of rainy days is significantly higher. This continuous precipitation ensures sustained soil moisture and creates persistently humid conditions, impacting crop growth. This correction is essential as the rainfall data plays a critical role in understanding the environmental factors influencing crop resilience and growth patterns, which is a key focus of our study. In addition to this error, there were minor errors in the captions to Figs. 3 and 4 in that the terms Sr36/Pm6 and Lr19/Sr25, resp., were inadvertently included twice. The original article has been corrected.
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    PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF STARCH FROM MARANTA ARUNDINACEA L. (ARROWROOT) RHIZOMES AND ITS INHIBITION OF COX-2: IN VIVO VALIDATION (Article)
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Surendran, Nishaa; Raju, Manikandan Vani; Chandrasekaran, Meenakshi Kaniyur; Ahalliya, Rathi Muthaiyan; Palanisamy, Chella Perumal; Chandrasekaran, Geethadevi; Chandrasekaran, Geethadevi Velliyur
    Maranta arundinacea L. (M. arundinacea L.) that belongs to the family Marantaceae is an underutilized tuber. The starch from the rhizomatous tubers is highly commercial and medicinal value is uncharacterized. This study was aimed at isolating the starch from Maranta arundinacea L. rhizomes, analyzing its physiochemical properties and examine its influence on anti-inflammatory activity. The physicochemical properties like Moisture and ash content, water holding capacity, water absorption index, amylose content, light transmittance and structural morphology of starch granules. Anti-inflammatory activity of starch from M. arundinacea L. was evaluated in Wistar rats by carrageenan induced paw edema. The biochemical estimation of serum enzymes, lipid peroxidation, enzymatic antioxidants and histopathological studies of paw tissues were carried out in paw tissues. Molecular expression of proinflammatory COX-2 gene was also analyzed. M. arundinacea starch was found to contain 9.3% moisture, 1.36% ash and 26.3% amylose content. The light transmittance (%) decreased with an increase in time. Micrographs of SEM analysis showed variations in the shape of granules that appeared as spherical and irregular. The size of granules varied between 2.86 and 6.92 μm. Attenuation in paw edema on treatment with M. arundinacea L. starch (200 mg/kg) was observed in comparison with that of standard drug Diclofenac sodium, the serum enzymes and enzymatic antioxidants were brought to near normal. The potent anti-inflammatory activities were confirmed by Histopathological studies. Molecular expression of proinflammatory COX-2 gene was also down regulated. It can be concluded that the dietary supplementation of starch from M. arundinacea L. to mitigate inflammation and reduce chronic diseases.
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    CERAMIZATION OF ABO GLASSES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF O7+ ION IRRADIATION (Article)
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2025-02) Karthika S; Asokan K; Marimuthu K; Meena, Ramcharan; Sundari, S Shanmuga
    Alkali borate (ABO) glasses of the composition 15A2O-85B2O3 where A = Li (lithium), Na (sodium) and K (potassium) are prepared using the thermal melt quenching technique. Pure analytical grades of boric acid (H3BO3), lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3) are used for the preparation of LBO, NBO and KBO glasses respectively. The ABO glasses are irradiated with 100 MeV O7+ ion beam using 15 UD Pelletron tandem accelerators for fluences like 1 × 1011, 5 × 1011, 1 × 1012, 5 × 1012 and 1 × 1013 ions/cm2. The electronic energy loss is predominant and depth of propagation is calculated from SRIM and TRIM. The XRD and FE-SEM confirm the transformation of polycrystalline structure and growth of grains on the surface after the O7+ ion irradiation. LBO glasses at higher fluences revealed lithium tetrahydroxohexaoxopentaborate trihydrate with a monoclinic structure. The sharp and well-defined XRD peaks affirmed the transition from glass to glass ceramics after the irradiation. Formation of grains on the surface of the ABO glasses after the O7+ ion irradiation confirms the glass ceramics nature. KBO glasses possess enhanced stability even under ion irradiation. The optical bandgap decreased under ion irradiation. O7+ ion irradiation leads to a decrease in the tail of the Urbach energy, indicating reduced disorder in the ABO glasses. The transmission efficiency of both ABO glasses and glass ceramics is evaluated through reflection loss (Lr), transmission coefficient (T), and metallization criteria (M) and the suitability of the ABO glasses for nonlinear optical applications are discussed.
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    THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF M@B40 (M = MG AND CA) FULLERENE AS A DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR GEMCITABINE ANTI-LUNG CANCER DRUG: A DFT APPROACH (Article)
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025-01-08) Sukumar, Abisha Nancy; Paul S, Prince Makarios; Gopalan, Praveena; Abiram A
    In this research work, we employed density functional theory (DFT) calculations both in gas and aqueous environment to examine the gemcitabine drug delivery efficacy of M@B40 (M = Mg and Ca) fullerene. The outcomes revealed that gemcitabine tends to bind through its double bonded O group to the boron atom of Mg@B40 and Ca@B40 fullerenes, resulting with significant adsorption energies. QTAIM analysis is utilized to clarify the interaction between the fullerene and gemcitabine complex, uncovering the existence of partial covalent interactions. The NBO and MEP analyses provides additional support for the interaction and significant charge transfer occurring between the gemcitabine drug and M@B40 (M = Mg and Ca) fullerene. The drug loading capacity of both metal-encapsulated B40 fullerene is high, as they can accommodate up to five gemcitabine drug molecules. The drug release process and recovery time calculations are also conducted to facilitate the rapid desorption of the drug from the carrier. These findings offer valuable insights into the potential applications of M@B40 (M = Mg and Ca) fullerene in the realm of drug delivery within the biological systems.
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    THEORETICAL INSIGHTS AND ANTICANCER POTENTIAL OF 2,6-BIS((E)-(2-AMINO-4-NITROPHENYLIMINO)METHYL)-4-METHOXYPHENOL AND ITS BINUCLEAR CU(II) COMPLEX (Article)
    (John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2025-02) Praveen S; Parinamachivayam G; Jeyaraman P; Prabakarakrishnan R; Natarajan A; Geetha K; Chinnathambi, Arunachalam; Alharbi, Sulaiman Ali; Pugazhendhi, Arivalagan; Kandasamy, Sabariswaran
    This study explores the synthesis and applications of a new Schiff base, 2,6-bis((E)-(2-amino-4-nitrophenylimino)methyl)-4-methoxyphenol (HL), and its copper(II) complexes. The Schiff base was prepared by reacting 2-amino-4-nitroaniline with 2,6-diformyl-4-methoxyphenol and characterized using techniques like microanalysis, UV–Vis, IR spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, and LC–MS, confirming its structure. Theoretical studies provided insights into its molecular geometry and electronic properties. Cyclic voltammetry of the copper complex revealed diffusion-controlled electrochemical behavior, involving a single-electron transfer. Both the Schiff base and its Cu(II) complexes exhibited promising anticorrosion and anticancer activities, highlighting their multifunctional potential in industrial and biomedical applications. This study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive characterization in developing innovative materials with practical uses.
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    ADVANCES IN FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR BASED ELECTRONIC DEVICES INTEGRATED WITH CMOS TECHNOLOGY FOR BIOSENSING (Review)
    (Elsevier B.V., 2025) Rai, Harshita; Singh, Kshitij RB; Natarajan, Arunadevi; Pandey, Shyam S
    This review article embarks on an enlightening journey through the multifaceted realm of electronic devices and their applications in biosensing, emphasizing the role of Field effect transistor (FET) based biosensors and Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) processes in biosensing device development. It begins by elucidating the foundational principles of biosensing and underscoring the crucial contribution of transducers, establishing a robust understanding of the field. The article unravels the intricate interplay between electronic biosensors and CMOS processes, offering a concise yet insightful exploration of their operational intricacies, diverse practical applications, and recent advancements. Additionally, it spotlights the pivotal role of FET-based biosensors integrated with CMOS processes in miniaturizing biosensors and thus amplifying their real-world efficacy. Moreover, the role of modern technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), in recent biosensor development has been discussed. By addressing inherent challenges like sensitivity, integration, cost, and accessibility, the article underscores the vital role of biosensing technologies driven by electronic devices in wearable technology development. In addition, integrating these devices to fit with the ongoing trend of VLSI technology faces significant challenges. To overcome this aspect, sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) can be the best alternative, as they will avoid utilizing bioreceptors, as it simplifies integration by reducing complexity, enhancing stability, and improving compatibility with CMOS processes. Hence, this review's distinct contribution lies in its comprehensive approach, shedding light on how biosensing technologies, underpinned by electronic devices such as FETs and CMOS processes, offer solutions for realizing modern-day devices.