c) 2023 - 131 Documents

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CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICES DURING COVID-19
(IGI Global, 2023) Kavitha, Kavitha Govindaraj; Bala, Thripurasundari Venkatesh
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) that emerged in December 2019 did not only cause health problem to people but also disrupted the entire global economic condition. COVID-19 is one of the most prominent issues in the 21st century. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unusual challenges to corporates and their boards. COVID-19 raised the sphere of corporate governance practices. All listed companies look for effective and qualitative corporate governance practices by conscientiously integrating transparency, accountability, responsibility, and control. Distancing, travel restrictions, forbidding events for controlling the spread of COVID-19 have had bad impacts on economic conditions in the world. The crises occurred in corporates as well. The corporates where at risk in the time of pandemic, and it raised serious apprehension to corporate governance practices. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of corporate governance practices during COVID-19 and provide insight regarding the opportunities and challenges faced by corporates during the COVID-19 pandemic.
MILD STEEL CORROSION INHIBITION IN 1 M HCL BY AN ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF SARGASSUM MUTICUM
(Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta, 2023) Jeslina, V; Jone Kirubavathy, S; Abdulhameed, Al-Hashem; Rajendran, S; Joany, R M; Caslav, Lacnjevac
The inhibitive effect of a seaweed (SM) alcoholic extract on MS corrosion immersed in 1 M HCl, for 30 min, was evaluated by the WL method and PPD technique. The protective film was investigated by the Vickers hardness test. WL revealed that 500 ppm SM offered 84 % IE against MS corrosion in 1 M HCl. The inhibitor molecules adsorption onto the metal surface obeyed Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. The R2 value was very high (0.998). The PPD study showed that Ecorr slightly shifted to the anodic side. It was inferred that SM functions as a mixed type of corrosion inhibitor, since the shifts were relatively small. In SM presence, LPR value increased and Icorr decreased. Due to the blanket effect (formation of a protective film on the metallic surface, which was found to be a monolayer, blocking anodic and cathodic sites), the electrons transfer from the metal into the solution was blocked. Vickers hardness of the inhibited MS surface was lower than that of the polished one, but higher than that of the corroded one. The outcome of the study may be used in the pickling industry, where HCl is used to remove the rust from the metal surface, simultaneously not attacking it.
POTENTIALITIES OF FLUORESCENT CARBON NANOMATERIALS AS SENSOR FOR FOOD ANALYSIS
(Wiley Analytical Science, 2023) Piyali, Sabui; Sadhucharan, Mallick; Kshitij RB, Singh; Arunadevi, Natarajan; Ranjana, Verma; Jay, Singh; Ravindra, Pratap Singh
Food safety and quality are among the most significant and prevalent research areas worldwide. The fabrication of appropriate technical procedures or devices for the recognition of hazardous features in foods is essential to safeguard food materials. In the recent era, developing high-performance sensors based on carbon nanomaterial for food safety investigation has made noteworthy progress. Hence this review briefly highlights the different detection approaches (colorimetric sensor, fluorescence sensor, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surface plasmon resonance, chemiluminescence, and electroluminescence), functional carbon nanomaterials with various dimensions (quantum dots, graphene quantum dots) and detection mechanisms. Further, this review emphasizes the assimilation of carbon nanomaterials with optical sensors to identify multiple contaminants in food products. The insights of carbon-based nanomaterials optical sensors for pesticides and insecticides, toxic metals, antibiotics, microorganisms, and mycotoxins detection are described in detail. Finally, the opportunities and future perspectives of nanomaterials-based optical analytical approaches for detecting various food contaminants are discussed.
ENGINEERING AXIALLY POLARIZED SUB-WAVELENGTH SCALE FOCAL STRUCTURES USING ANNULAR WALSH FILTER
(Springer Link, 2023) Umamageswari N; Thiruarul D; Lavanya M; William Charles J; Jaroszewicz; Rajesh K B
Based on vector diffraction theory, the tight focusing properties of radially polarized Bessel Gaussian beam (BGB), phase modulated by annular Walsh function filters and focused by a high NA parabolic mirror system are studied numerically. The annular Walsh filter derived from the annular Walsh functions forms a complete set of orthogonal phase filters that takes values of either 0 or π phase corresponding to + 1 or −1 over the domain specified by the inner and outer radii of the annulus. Numerical results show that by properly modulating the annular obstruction of Walsh filter and pupil to beam ratio of the input BGB, one can generate many novel focal patterns such as three-dimensional multiple sub-wavelength scale focal spot segments, optical needle, axial flat top profile, etc. We expect that such three-dimensional chain of focal structures is useful for nano-lithography, particle trapping and transportation, as well as confocal and STED microscopy, microstructure fabrication and so on.
TARGETING THE ENV SPIKE PROTEIN OF HIV WITH NATURALLY OCCURRING COMPOUNDS: AN IN-SILICO STUDY FOR DRUG DESIGNING
(Springer Link, 2023) Sreeram, S; Sathishkumar, R; Amritha, P S
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infects human by destroying the immune system. The types of HIV strains HIV-1 and HIV-2, among HIV-1 being more prevalent and considered deadly. Eventually either of the strains leads to disease Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Traditional medicinal plants have a pivotal role in the modern pharmacological process due to their rich composition of secondary metabolites with significant biological activity. Computational tools are gaining momentum as they predict with higher accuracy, robust and provide insight in the interaction of small molecule with the disease target protein. This study was conducted for understanding the interaction mode of Phyto compounds with Env spike proteins of HIV. The compounds are studied for ADME properties and molecular docking using Schrödinger software was performed. From the results, Ethyl gallate was observed with least docking score and higher binding affinity for HIV-ENV protein (4CC8) and Cinnamyl acetate (cis/trans) with HIV-1-ENV protein (6ULC).
ANALYSIS ON HERBAL TEXTILES USING MEDICINAL HERB EXTRACTS AND STANDARD TESTING METHODS FOR HERBAL FINISHED TEXTILES
(Man-Made Textiles in India, 2023) Karpagavalli, V S; Sumithra, M
Herbal textiles are one of the many textile products with unique qualities that are utilized for several applications. The creation of novel technologies that can assist end users by boosting their health and appearance and giving them a sense of relaxation and happiness is required due to shifting fashion, cosmetic, and aesthetic trends. Herbal textiles are created by finishing fabricswith herbal extracts. Textiles with enhanced antimicrobial properties are used in a range of items for health and hygiene, clothing worn near to the skin, and other medical applications for barrier and infection control. This article shows clear picture on producing herbal textiles using medicinal herbs and standard testing procedures for figuring out fabric qualities for herbal finished textiles such that they more accurately reflect fabric characteristics in actual usage which maintains an eco-friendly textiles leads to sustainability.
FINITE-TIME STABILITY OF IMPULSIVE FRACTIONAL-ORDER TIME DELAY SYSTEMS WITH DAMPING BEHAVIOR
(Discontinuity, Nonlinearity, and Complexity, 2023) Ganesan, A; Nallasamy, B
This work made for analyzing the finite-time stability of impulsive nonlinear delay damped system with caputo fractional derivative of orders α1 ∈ (1,2] and α2 ∈ (0,1]. Sufficient conditions which are derived from extended form of Gronwall’s inequality to analyze the stability in the finite range of time for such multi-term fractional-order impulsive control system. The potential of the proposed approach is demonstrated with the support of two numerical examples.
ECO-FRIENDLY BLOCKCHAIN FOR SMART CITIES
(Elsevier, 2023) Hepziba Gnanamalar, R; Ebenesar Anna Bagyam, J
The term “smart city” denotes a complete idea to relieve pending issues of cutting-edge city regions that have advanced into a crucial painting subject for practitioners and pupils alike. However, the query stays as to how towns can become “clever.” The software of the records era is normally taken into consideration as a key motive force withinside the “smartization” of towns. Detailed frameworks and techniques are consequently having to manual, operationalize, and degree the implementation manner in addition to the effect of the respective technology. This chapter discusses about blockchain era, a unique motive force of technological transformation that contains a mess of underlying technology and protocols, and its capability effect on clever towns. The chapter deals with the query of ways the blockchain era may also advantage the improvement of city regions. Based on a complete literature review, we gift a framework and study propositions. Nine software fields of a blockchain era withinside the smartization of towns: (1) healthcare, (2) logistics and deliver chains, (3) mobility, (4) energy, (5) management and services, (6) e-voting, (7) factory, (8) domestic, and (9) education are discussed. Contemporary-day tendencies in those fields illustrate how they're laid low with the blockchain era and derive propositions to manual destiny studies’ endeavors. Further sections of the chapter are well organized as follows. Section 1 is the introductory part of the eco-friendly blockchain technology for smart cities. Section 2 reflects types of blockchain executions and some common consent algorithms. Section 3 illustrates the benefits of blockchain combination with smart cities and reconnoiters ways it plays an essential role in creating and benefitting smart cities. Fifteen benefits of smart cities with blockchain are discussed in Section 4. Section 5 defends how blockchain is eco-friendly, and finally, Section 6 summarizes and concludes all sections.
PALLADIUM-BASED CATALYTIC TREATMENT AND A RHIZOBACTERIAL-ASSISTED DETOXIFICATION FOR THE ENHANCED REMOVAL OF LINDANE
(Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 2023) Rachana, Sharma; Prabhu, Thangadurai
This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a bimetallic system consisting of Mg0-Pd0 and the bacterium Acinetobacter sp. for the complete detoxification of lindane. Our results demonstrate that palladium immobilized on activated charcoal achieved a removal rate of >99% for 100 mg.L-1 of Lindane within 10 minutes, with the accumulation of trace amounts of intermediates. The reductive transformation of lindane followed 1st-order kinetics, with a calculated rate constant (kobs) of 0.77 min-1. The bimetallic system resulted in the formation of a non-toxic hydrocarbon as the end-product, indicating complete dehalogenation of lindane. Furthermore, Acinetobacter sp. effectively mineralized >98% of 100 mg.L-1 of Lindane after 26 h of cultivation without any accumulation of toxic metabolite(s) in the reaction medium, demonstrating the efficiency of the biological system. Integrating both chemical and biological systems could provide significant advantages for the treatment of lindane, reducing the treatment time and overall cost. This synergistic approach can significantly enhance the overall removal efficiency of lindane from contaminated soil and water.
IMAGE ANALYSIS FOR BETTER YIELD IN FARMING
(Advanced Technologies for Smart Agriculture, 2023) Anbarasi, G; Vishnupriya, B
In India, 70% of farmers have less than 0.5 hectares of land, especially small and marginal farmers. In high altitude, people are unable to utilize their land for agriculture. In this context, people are forced to approach multi-story vegetable cropping, which could be an effective and exceptional strategy in today's context. Crops of varying heights, rooting pattern, and duration are cultivated at the same time in the same space. This innovative practice helps the small farm holders earn much more than the existing one. In addition, it is also practiced as kitchen garden in urban regions and the produce are used for household purposes. People in rural areas and farmers with big plantations are also adopting this system to expand the availability of arable land and cultivate varied crops. Like the traditional farming system, it also requires water, manure, and land to obtain production per unit area. The gardens are appealing because they generate farm food at a minimal cost of management and maintenance. This innovative technique fetches higher price and performance meets the needs of the customers. The foundational components for conducting image processing are elucidated in Figure 8.1. © 2023 River Publishers. All rights reserved.
MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMER-BASED OPTICAL IMMUNOSENSORS
(Wiley Analytical Science, 2023) Kshitij R B, Singh; Arunadevi, Natarajan
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are artificial antibodies for a target molecule. The review focuses mainly on mechanistic steps involved in forming MIPs and the role of co-monomers and porogen. In addition, the electronic transition between different energy levels is explained with the help of the Jablonski diagram. Diverse receptor and target molecules for anchoring artificial MIPs are discussed, accentuating the synergetic effects obtained. The binding efficiency, selectivity, and sensitivity of various optical sensors are discussed intensively. In addition to this, we focused on synthesis, physical forms, characterization techniques, and microorganism detection of imprinted polymers. A brief investigation on the use of MIPs in cancer diagnosis is also included, and attention is extended to the important challenges faced in using imprinted polymers.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL APPROACHES BASED ON NANOTECHNOLOGY TOWARDS WOUND MANAGEMENT
(Elsevier, 2023) Arunadevi, N; Jone Kirubavathy, S
Developments in medicine and biotechnology have created many applications in areas such as tissue engineering. Regenerative medicines have the potential to develop patient-specific 3D tissue for customized treatment. The advancements in 3D bioprinting and nanomaterial manufacturing techniques have attracted the attention of many young researchers to the study of disease pathology. These advances enable digital fabrication techniques for biological molecules and for the encapsulation process. Compared to traditional methods, the main advantage of 3D printing is its ability to target the particular tissue construct and produce a high-resolution 3D structure through computer-aided design.
REVOLUTIONIZING FOETAL CARDIAC ANOMALY DIAGNOSIS: UNLEASHING THE POWER OF DEEP LEARNING ON FOETALECHO IMAGES
(Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 2023) Divya, M O; Vijaya, M S
The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has amplified in various fields, with remarkable results in medicine in recent times. Despite the potential of AI in the medical field, there are still many unexplored areas due to data unavailability. One such area is cardiac foetal anomaly diagnosis, which is poorly diagnosed globally with a rate of only 50%. The complexity of the task requires a high level of expertise to understand minute hints and conduct thorough exams for accurate image captures. In this research, the FoetalEcho_V01 dataset was used for foetal cardiac anomaly diagnosis, consisting of pre-classified ultrasound images representing 15 different anomalies and a class representing normal heart images. The deep learning models which are efficient in producing potential classifiers for ultra sound scan images are identified. The models are CNN, AlexNet, VGG16 and ResNet50. The best performing deep learning models were used to produce classifiers, and their performance was evaluated. The results showed that the deep learning models performed well on the FoetalEcho_V01 dataset images for diagnosing structural cardiac anomalies in the foetus, with consistent performance as demonstrated by the calculated standard deviation. The results obtained from the research for the FetalEcho_V05 dataset are as follows. The CNN model achieved a precision of 0.94, recall of 0.89, accuracy of 0.90, and F1 score of 0.91. Comparatively, the AlexNet model demonstrated a precision of 0.92, recall of 0.87, accuracy of 0.89, and F1 score of 0.89. The VGG16 model exhibited precision of 0.91, recall of 0.85, accuracy of 0.87, and F1 score of 0.88. Lastly, the ResNet50 model displayed a precision of 0.93, recall of 0.90, accuracy of 0.93, and F1 score of 0.93. Among these models, the CNN model emerged as the best classifier for the FetalEcho_V05 dataset, with its superior performance in terms of precision, recall, accuracy, and F1 score.
UTILIZATION OF DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE INDIAN HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM DURING HEALTH CRISES
(IGI Global, 2023) Durairaj, M; Jayakumar, S; Monika; Karpagavalli, V S; Uma Maheswari, B; Sampath, Boopathi
In this chapter, the utilization of digital tools in the higher education system in India has been illustrated. Communication, education, work culture, information access, and health crisis time are all being transformed by digital technology. The digital components, dimensions, significance, and inclusion in higher education have been discussed. The various elements, extensive activities, and initiatives of implementing digital education in India. The implementation and utilization of life skills in digitalization and in the arts, engineering, and technical education have been discussed to extract the scope for future developments.
ANDROID APPLICATIONS FOR LUNG NODULES CLASSIFICATION USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK
(IGI Global, 2023) Karthikeyan, M P; Banupriya, C V; Kowsalya, R; Jayalakshmi, A
Digital image processing is currently used in various fields of research. One of them is in the field of medicine. In fact, experienced radiologists have difficulty distinguishing the cancerous portions of the blood vessels in the lung or detecting fine nodules that suggest lung cancer on X-ray images. Previous studies have shown that doctors and radiologists fail to detect cancerous patches in 30% of positive cases. Implementation of CAD system to classify and detect parts of cancer has been developed, but the results obtained from this implementation are that there are still many errors in the classification results. Therefore, this study will develop android app image technique to perform the classification process of lung cancer. With this research, it is hoped that the developed algorithm can help doctors and radiologists to detect cancer in a short time with more accuracy. Finally, after 20 iterations, a percentage of 90.65% was attained for the test results' performance in classifying 10 X-ray pictures.
INVESTIGATION OF DIHYDROGEN BONDED INTERACTION IN X3CH⋅⋅⋅HNA, X2CH2⋅⋅⋅HNA (X = F, CL, AND BR) BINARY AND TERNARY COMPLEXES: A DFT AND DFT-D3 APPROACH
(Springer Link, 2023) Parimala devi, Duraisamy; Prince Makarios Paul, S; Praveena, Gopalan; Jeba Beula, R; Abiram, Angamuthu
A theoretical study was conducted to investigate the dihydrogen and alkali-halogen bonding in binary X3CH⋅⋅⋅HNa, X2CH2⋅⋅⋅HNa and ternary complexes 2(X3CH)⋅⋅⋅HNa, 2(X2CH2)⋅⋅⋅HNa (where X = F, Cl, Br). The computations were performed using the B3LYP method with different basis sets, namely pople’s (6-311++G**) and dunning type (aug-cc-pVDZ and aug-cc-pVTZ). Additionally, dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations were carried out for all the structures. The interpretation of structural parameters through interaction energy revealed that Br3CH⋅⋅⋅HNa complex has the shortest binding distance with more interaction energy. The results illustrate that the H⋅⋅⋅H interaction is strengthened in the ternary complexes compared to binary. The vibrational analysis divulged that C–H and H–Na stretching frequencies are blue and red shifted upon dihydrogen bond formation. Moreover, natural bond orbital (NBO), quantum theory of atoms in molecule (QTAIM), non-covalent interaction (NCI)–reduced density gradient (RDG) analysis were carried out to understand the nature of intermolecular interactions, followed by the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) analysis which confirm the existence of non-covalent interaction between C‒H and H–Na bonds.
SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL LUMINESCENT CYCLOMETALLATED PLATINUM (IV) COMPLEXES WITH A QUINOLINE SCHIFF BASES LIGAND AND THEIR PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES
(Taylor & Francis Online, 2023) Sathya Priyadarshini, G; Ramesh, Subramani; Elakkiya, S; Selvi, Gopal
The synthesis, characterization, electro and photophysical properties of eight cyclometallated platinum (IV) complexes 6a–6d and 7a–7d derived from quinoline Schiff base ligands are reported. Spectral studies revealed that nonparticipation of nitrogen atom and participation of carbon atom of the quinoline ring in the bond formation through [NN′C] mode of coordination for complex 6, whereas [N S O] mode of coordination with octahedral geometry for complex 7. The absorption and emission spectra studied in acetonitrile medium at room temperature showed that the ligand charge transitions within the quinoline Schiff base ligands with Metal Ligand Charge Transfer (MLCT) character. The broad band appeared in the range of 460–502 nm is attributed to the higher emission intensities of cyclometallated platinum (IV) compounds. The HOMO, LUMO and energy gap of the synthesized complexes was found to be − 2.60 eV, −4.75 eV and 2.15 eV through Density Functional Theory (DFT).
Scopus
(2023)
A REAL TIME APPLICATION ON NEUTROSOPHIC NANO SOFT TOPOLOGY
(Turkish World Mathematical Society Journal of Applied and Engineering Mathematics, 2023) Radhamani, K C; Sasikala, D
In this paper, we introduce Neutrosophic Nano Topological Space induced by soft set. The “Neutrosophic Nano Soft Topological Space”(NNSTS) is generated by soft lower approximation, soft upper approximation and soft boundary region. The approximations are derived by the soft relation. Also a real life problem is converted to Neutrosophic Nano Soft Topology and solved by calculating score value.
TRIAZOLES AS POTENTIAL CORROSION INHIBITORS: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
(Elsevier, 2023) Ramkumar, S; Nalini, D; Chauhan, D S; Quraishi, M A
Industries are continuously searching for solutions to reduce the losses caused by the massive issue of corrosion, which consumes company earnings. Prevention is the best defense against corrosion. Customized solutions using various corrosion inhibitors are one of the best methods of corrosion prevention. Organic compounds rich in heteroatoms and electron-rich cores, serve as barriers that prevent corrosion by forming an adsorbed layer. Triazoles stand out as a significant five-member nitrogen heterocycle among nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds with outstanding uses. Five-membered triazole come in two different structural varieties: 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole. Both 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazoles may support a wide range of substituents (electrophiles and nucleophiles) around the core structures due to their structural features, which allows for the development of numerous unique compounds. The excellent corrosion protection action of triazole derivatives can be attributed to the presence of electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents that allow an improved protection performance compared to that of the parent triazole molecule. Computational studies have provided evidence that the triazole- based molecules undergo donor-acceptor type interactions with metallic substrates. Triazoles are used in a variety of commercial applications, including physiologically active compounds, agrochemicals, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, and optical brighteners. This paper deals with the review on recent developments on triazole as corrosion inhibitors and their application as corrosion inhibitors and their recent trends in the field of corrosion of different metals in a variety of corrosive environments.