F-KCW-Department Publications
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Item ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE CHELATION BY MODIFIED POD SHELLS – BATCH EQUILIBRATION AND ISOTHERMAL STUDIES(Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 2022-02) Preethi G; Muthulakshmi Andal NExtensive loads of pesticides are utilized to increase the crop productivity in modern agricultural practices. Slow degradation of pesticides into the environment and extensive or inappropriate use by farmers can lead to contamination of water, soil, air, several types of crops and in turn human beings. Malathion pesticide has been widely used as fumigant, in agriculture and in residential landscapes to replace more toxic organochlorine pesticides, even otherwise result in a serious setback to human health causing skin and nervous defects. Adsorption technique is one of the most intensively availed and reliable method adopted due to its ease of operation, non-energy intensive and high removal competence of organic pollutants, like pesticides. Delonix regia pod shells (DRPS), an eco-based material is employed to chelate malathion from aqueous media through batch mode under varying operational factors, namely, pH (3-11), initial malathion concentration (50-300 mg/L), DRPS dosage (50-250 mg), contact time (10-60 min) and temperature (293-333 K). Optical microscope, FTIR, SEM are utilized to characterize the selected sorbent’s nature. Isothermal data fitted well with the Langmuir plot in preference to Freundlich plot. From the observations made, DRPS is found to be a promising ecofriendly, economically viable material for the sequestration of malathion.Item TERMINALIA CATAPPA AS A NOVEL BIOSORBENT FOR THE REMOVAL OF DIVALENT ION FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS: EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION(2023-04-14) Muthulakshmi Andal N; Anuradha JThe effectiveness of acid-treated Terminalia catappa seed shell (TTCSS), an agricultural waste, for the adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions is highlighted in the current work. Adsorbent dose seems to have a great influence on sorption process. A significant risk to human health results from the Cu(II) effluent from industry spreading into the environment through soil and water streams and accumulating along the food chain. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) analyses are used to characterize TTCSS. For the Cu(II)- TTCSS system, batch equilibration method experiments were performed to determine the effect of operating factors such as particle sizes and doses of the adsorbent material, agitation time between the sorbent and the sorbate species, temperature, and pH of the medium. The following parameters have been shown to be the most effective for removing Cu2+ ions (92%) from an initial concentration of 8mg/L : 0.18 mm particle size, 50mg adsorbent dose, 60 min contact time and pH 7. It is discovered that the highest adsorption capacity (Ce) of Cu(II)(7.122mg/g) is higher than the range of 2.1-5.2 mg/g as documented by other researchers for various sorbent materials. This demonstrates Terminalia catappa's superior sorption capacity, when compared to the other materials under study.Item FACILE SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION OF MNC’S (MAGNETIC NANOCOMPOSITE) IN SEQUESTRATION OF TEXTILE DYE(Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 2018) Muthulakshmi Andal N; Thangamani KS; Ranjith Kumar E; Suba VProsopis juliflora bark activated carbon -cobalt ferrite magnetic composite (PJBAC-CFC) was synthesized by the auto-combustion method and employed for the removal of direct brown 2 (DB2) from aqueous solutions. The prepared composite was characterized by powder XRD, SEM, EDAX, AFM, N2 adsorption desorption isotherm and magnetization measurement. Operating factors influencing the rate adsorption, namely initial dye concentrations, doses of sorbent materials, preset time intervals, variable pH and temperature environments are substantiated by batch equilibration method. Adsorption is observed to be more pronounced at pH 2. The magnetized composite material exhibited enhanced sorption characteristics. The isothermal adsorption data fit well with Freundlich isotherms. Kinetic studies favour the system to follow the second-order. The outcome of the present work indicates that Prosopis juliflora bark activated carbon -cobalt ferrite magnetic composite can be effectively used as a cost-effective potential adsorbent for trapping the dye moleculesItem UTILIZATION OF MAGNETIC NANO COBALT FERRITE DOPED CAPRA AEGAGRUSHIRCUS DUNG ACTIVATED CARBON COMPOSITE FOR THE ADSORPTION OF ANIONIC DYES(Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2017) Thangamani K S; Muthulakshmi Andal N; Ranjith Kumar E; Saravanabhavan MA novel activated carbon prepared from profusely available bio-waste material, goat dung is employed for anionic dyes removal viz., DirectBrown2(DB2) andReactiveRed152(RR152) from aqueous solutions. GoatDung Activated Carbon-Cobalt Ferrite Magnetic Composite (GDACCFMC) is synthesized by auto-combustion method. The surface characteristics of the prepared adsorbents are analyzed by SEM, EDAX, BET and BJH and the size of the synthesized GDACCFMC is characterized by AFM. From the AFM results, the synthesized GDAC-CFMC is found to be lesser than 3 nm. The magnetic property of GDAC-CFMC is characterized by using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) equipment which reveals its excellent magnetic performance in dye removal. The batch equilibration experiments pertaining to the influence of operating factors viz., varying initial dye concentrations, doses of sorbent materials, preset time intervals, variable pH and temperature environments are substantiated to evaluate the sorptive nature. Adsorption is observed to be more pronounced at acidic pH. Sorption efficiency of Goat Dung Activated Carbon (GDAC) is compared with the derived GDAC-CFMC, whose experimental results indicate better performance of the magnetized material. The isothermal adsorption data fits well with Freundlich isotherms. The thermodynamic studies reveal that the adsorption process is favourable, exothermic and spontaneous. Adsorption kinetic studies favour the systems to follow the second-order. The aftermath of the present work implies that both GDAC and GDAC-CFMC can be effectively used as potential adsorbents for trapping the dye molecules.Item REMOVAL OF CADMIUM IONS FROM WATER / WASTE WATER USING CHITOSAN - A REVIEW(Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2015) Muthulakshmi Andal N; Anuradha JThe removal of Cd2+ions from wastewaters is gaining wide interest from both environmental and economic viewpoints due to its serious hazardous impact on humans, animals and plants. Various adsorbents have been used viz., activated carbons, plant or lignocellulosic wastes, clay, biopolymers etc. Chitosan, a crustacean waste has gained wide attention as an effective biosorbent due to its low cost and high contents of amino and hydroxyl functional groups. Chemical modifications leading to the formation of chitosan derivatives, grafting chitosan and chitosan composites are extensively studied and widely reported in the literatures. The aim of this review is to summarize the sorption efficiencies of chitosan and its derivatives in the removal of Cd2+ ions from electroplating effluents and synthetic waters. A comparison on the chitosan derivatives prepared by five different methods as reported by researchers (thiocarbonyl, PVA blend, xanthate, Nano based and grafting) and an outline of their potential applications in the adsorption of Cd2+ ions are dealt in this paper. Amongst the mentioned composites reported, chitosan grafted with γ- cyclodextrin is found to possess better chelating ability in sequestering Cd2+ ions.Item REMOVAL OF NICKEL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING AZARIDACHTA INDICA SEED SHELL POWDER AS ADSORBENT(Research and Reviews: Journal of Chemistry, 2013) Muthulakshmi Andal N; Gohulavani GNickel plays an important role in metallurgical, electroplating and other chemical industries. About 40% of the nickel produced is used in steel factories, nickel batteries and in the production of some alloys. On the other hand, it may pollute aqueous streams, arising therefore several environmental problems. Azaridachtaindica seed shells were evaluated for Ni (II) adsorption. The tests were performed in batch equilibration method. The obtained maximum adsorption capacities were 66.66 mg/g . The FT-IR results showed that the sorbent have different functional groups responsible for nickel ions binding, such as carboxyl, amino, peptide and hydroxide. The morphology of adsorbent surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after Ni(II) loading.Item BIOSORPTION OF DIVALENT ION ONTO TREATED PROSOPIS JULIFLORA BARK FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS - ISOTHERMAL AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS(Oriental Journal of Chemistry (Oriental Scientific Publishing Company), 2016-04-01) Muthulakshmi Andal N; Charulatha S; Gayathri N.SThe present work emphasizes the utilization of Prosopis juliflora bark, an agro waste material for the adsorption of Cu(II). The raw Prosopis juliflora bark (PJB) is treated using 0.1N hydrochloric acid to enhance the sorption efficiency. The characterization studies of TPJB using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller(BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) analyses carried out. The batch mode experimental set up is verified to assess the sorption capacity of the chosen material for the operating factors viz., particle sizes/ doses of the sorbent material upon a range of initial concentrations of Cu(II) at different temperatures, agitation time and pH of the Cu(II)- TPJB system. The amount of Cu(II) ion adsorbed on to TPJB surface is found to be 43.11 mg/g (97.4%) under optimized conditions, its efficiency 3 fold times more than the Ce values reported by other researchers. The sorption characteristic of TPJB is quantitatively estimated through column experiments based on the Ce value by batch mode. The removal is observed as 98%. Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin isothermal curves at various initial concentrations are plotted for Cu(II)-TPJB system wherein the straight line fit is best suited for the Freundlich isotherm model. The results show that the response of TPJB in trapping Cu(II) ions are influenced by various parameters being statistically verified using SPSS software, indicative of good correlation.Item TERMINALIA CATAPPA: A NOVEL BIOSORBENT FOR THE REMOVAL OF DIVALENT ION FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS(Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences (Integrated Waste Management and Energy Recovery-S1), 2015-11-28) Muthulakshmi Andal N; Charulatha SThe present work emphasizes the efficiency of acid treated Terminalia catappa seed shell (TTCSS), an agricultural waste for the adsorption of Cu (II) from aqueous solutions. TTCSS is characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) analyses. The presence of carboxylic, amino, phenolic and hydroxyl groups, the surface morphology and elements present in the adsorbent material are evident from the corresponding analysis. Batch equilibration method experiments pertaining to the influence of operating factors viz., particle sizes and doses of the adsorbent material, agitation time between the sorbent and the sorbate species, temperature and pH of the medium for Cu(II)- TTCSS system have been carried out. Conditions have been optimized for the maximum removal of Cu2+ ions (92%) from8 mg/L initial concentration as: 0.18mm particle size, 50 mg adsorbent dose, 60 min contact time and pH 7. The maximum adsorption capacity (Ce) of Cu(II) (7.122 mg/g) is found to be greater than the range between 2.1 – 5.2 mg/g as reported by other researchers for varied sorbent materials. This confirms the enhanced sorption efficiency of Terminalia catappa in preference to various studied materials.Item EXPERIMENTAL OPTIMIZATION OF AN AGRICULTURAL WASTE IN THE UPTAKE OF CU(II) IONS(Chemical Science Review and Letters (Aufau Periodicals), 2014) Muthulakshmi Andal N; Charulatha SThe potential of tamarind hull, a low cost agricultural waste, to remove copper ions from aqueous solutions is evaluated in a batch process. The tamarind hulls are crushed, powdered and modified using 0.5 N sulfuric acid and formaldehyde. The experiments were performed to assess sorption capacity of the sorbent. The influences of variable parameters viz., particle sizes and doses of the sorbent material, agitation time and the pH are studied for Cu(II)-MTHP system. The optimum conditions form the maximum removal of Cu(II) ions by modified tamarind hull powder is established, from the experimental results and is presented in this paper.