F-KCW-Department Publications

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    SORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF AGRO WASTE PRODUCT IN THE REMOVAL OF LEAD (II)
    (Elsevier, 2008-03) Muthulakshmi Andal N; Shyamaladevi N
    A study was conducted to investigate the sorption capacity of saw, an agro waste product for the removal of lead(II)(Pb)(II) from aqueous systems. Commercially available saw dust were purchased from small-scale domestic units, such as furniture mart and varying concentrations of Pb(II) were used for Pb(II)-SD system. The study involved adding 75 mg of particles size of saw dust into iodine flasks, which contained 50 ml of the 10 mg/liter adsorbate. Pb solutions were filtered and analyzed for the residual concentration, using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The absorption investigations were carried out, by varying the particle size, contact time, initial concentration, dosage, pH of the medium, influence of cations, anions, co-ions, and the effect of temperature. It was observed that the sorption rate for the Pb(II) saw dust system were dependent on the availability of active surface sites on the adsorbent
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    A STUDY ON THE BIOACCUMULATION AND SCREENING OF TOXIC METAL IONS IN EFFLUENTS, FODDER AND MILK SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM ERODE, TIRUPUR, COIMBATORE DISTRICTS
    (Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 2020-03) Anuradha J; Gayathri N.S; Muthulakshmi Andal N
    Water pollution is a serious problem of concern due to the potential health impacts of bioaccumulation in the food chain. Based on this fact, a field study is conducted in the areas of three major polluting industries viz. dyeing, tannery and plating located at Coimbatore, Tirupur and Erode pertaining to ground water table contamination due to heavy metals from industrial discharges. The outcome of the field study formed a baseline to investigate the accumulation of toxic metal ions: Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Fe, Co, Cr, Mn and Ni in the effluent, fodder and milk samples. A marked extremity of pollution is recorded against lead and chromium concentrations in comparison to WHO permissible limits for effluents, diminishing reflecting in the inherent increase of 7 and 5 fold times for fodder/ milk samples. Also, reclamation studies are performed using naturally occurring eco-friendly materials to minimize the extent of pollution in all the chosen samples. The analysis and assessment of the results conclude that thus the materials possess excellent metal chelating ability and serve as better choice in the heavy metal bioaccumulation by treating the effluents even before being discharged into the soil environment
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    AN INFLUENCE OF WASTEWATER DISCHARGES FROM PAPER MILLS ON FARM PRACTICES
    (IOP Science, 2022) Karthika S; Muthulakshmi Andal N
    Industrial development is a challenging issue in recent times, as its adverse impact directly influences the environment. Paper and pulp industries are generally declared as one of the highly polluting industries in the country. However, nowadays they are also identified as the industry mounting with environmental and economic pressures to reduce the volume and toxicity of generated industrial wastewaters. Paper industries generate varieties of contaminants depending upon the manufacturing process. Especially, disposal of polluted water directly affects the soil structures, not only in industrial area but also in agricultural fields. Therefore, the present work accentuates on the examination of paper effluent characteristics, its impact on soil quality, and germination of groundnut seedlings. Seedling growth in polluted soil and fertile soil were monitored for 90 days. For this process, effluent, soil samples were collected from the paper industry located in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India. Soil samples were tested for their nutrients' level, concentration of heavy metals as per the standard quality procedures. Distribution of nutrients, heavy metal concentrations were studied in the matured crops. Sample crop registered mixed concentration of nutrient levels/heavy metals against the prescribed WHO/FAO standards, whereas control crop exhibited values within standards sufficing its healthier growth. This implies that the irrigation of the farmland with industrial water alters nutrient availabilities, in turn promoting toxic leachates into the soil. Further, the soil performances due to the percolation of industrial discharges reflected in the complexities of crop growth.
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    ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE CHELATION BY MODIFIED POD SHELLS – BATCH EQUILIBRATION AND ISOTHERMAL STUDIES
    (Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 2022-02) Preethi G; Muthulakshmi Andal N
    Extensive loads of pesticides are utilized to increase the crop productivity in modern agricultural practices. Slow degradation of pesticides into the environment and extensive or inappropriate use by farmers can lead to contamination of water, soil, air, several types of crops and in turn human beings. Malathion pesticide has been widely used as fumigant, in agriculture and in residential landscapes to replace more toxic organochlorine pesticides, even otherwise result in a serious setback to human health causing skin and nervous defects. Adsorption technique is one of the most intensively availed and reliable method adopted due to its ease of operation, non-energy intensive and high removal competence of organic pollutants, like pesticides. Delonix regia pod shells (DRPS), an eco-based material is employed to chelate malathion from aqueous media through batch mode under varying operational factors, namely, pH (3-11), initial malathion concentration (50-300 mg/L), DRPS dosage (50-250 mg), contact time (10-60 min) and temperature (293-333 K). Optical microscope, FTIR, SEM are utilized to characterize the selected sorbent’s nature. Isothermal data fitted well with the Langmuir plot in preference to Freundlich plot. From the observations made, DRPS is found to be a promising ecofriendly, economically viable material for the sequestration of malathion.
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    SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND UTILISATION OF MAGNETIC FE3O4 – TGT NANOCOMPOSITE IN THE REMOVAL OF PB(II) FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
    (Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, 2023-01-23) Anuradha J; Muthulakshmi Andal N
    Magnetic Adsorption Separation (MAS) method is an ideal substitute for the environmental clean-up process. Magnetic material embedded with natural litter material is a facile route to achieve maximum adsorptive ability at a lower dosage, contact time and increased chance of metal-laden adsorbents’ recovery from aqueous matrices. In the present study, the synthesis of Fe3O4–TGT composite (TGT- C2) by the auto combustion method and its employment for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solutions is discussed. TGT- C2 is characterised using VSM (Vibrating Sample Magnetometer), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), Particle Size Analyzer, EDAX (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer) and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectrophotometer) techniques. TGT- C2 is found to be magnetic in nature and their saturation magnetization (Ms)/ Coercivity (Hc) values are calculated as 1.54 emu g-1/139.83 G, respectively, being less than bare Fe3O4. The synthesised nanocomposite registered a maximum of 98% sequestration of Pb(II) ions under the optimised conditions of 100 mg/L initial metal ion concentration, 10 min agitation time, 50 mg dosage and pH 5 environment. Isothermal verification, the kinetics of adsorption and successive desorption/ regeneration cycles were performed. The outcomes support the preparation of bio-nanocomposites from animal waste was successful in the efficient trapping of divalent metal ions.
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    MANNOSE: A POTENTIAL SACCHARIDE CANDIDATE IN DISEASE MANAGEMENT
    (Springer US, 2023-01-20) Dhanalakshmi M; Sruthi D; Jinuraj K R; Kajari, Das; Sushma, Dave; Muthulakshmi Andal N; Jayashankar, Das
    There are a plethora of antibiotic resistance cases and humans are marching towards another big survival test of evolution along with drastic climate change and infectious diseases. Ever since the first antibiotic [penicillin], and the myriad of vaccines, we were privileged to escape many infectious disease threats. The survival technique of pathogens seems rapidly changing and sometimes mimicking our own systems in such a perfect manner that we are left unarmed against them. Apart from searching for natural alternatives, repurposing existing drugs more effectively is becoming a familiar approach to new therapeutic opportunities. The ingenious use of revolutionary artificial intelligence-enabled drug discovery techniques is coping with the speed of such alterations. D-Mannose is a great hope as a nutraceutical in drug discovery, against CDG, diabetes, obesity, lung disease, and autoimmune diseases and recent findings of anti-tumor activity make it interesting along with its role in drug delivery enhancing techniques. A very unique work done in the present investigation is the collection of data from the ChEMBL database and presenting the targetable proteins on pathogens as well as on humans. It shows Mannose has 50 targets and the majority of them are on human beings. The structure and conformation of certain monosaccharides have a decisive role in receptor pathogen interactions and here we attempt to review the multifaceted roles of Mannose sugar, its targets associated with different diseases, as a natural molecule having many success stories as a drug and future hope for disease management.
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    UTILIZATION OF MODIFIED ELEPHAS MAXIMUS DUNG AS OXYFLUORFEN SEQUESTRANT: ADSORPTION AND KINETIC MODELING STUDIES
    (2023-04-14) Muthulakshmi Andal N; Preethi G
    This chapter aims to focus on sequestration of Oxyfluorfen from aqueous media employing Elephas maximus dung (EMD), a natant biowaste, seldom reported elsewhere. Attention is sought on Oxyfluorfen, one of the most employed herbicides for controlling the growth of annual broadleaf and grassy weeds. Oxyfluorfen is classified as low acute toxicity compound by the World Health Organization (WHO) and by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). However, appropriate disposal of redundant Elephas maximus dung (EMD) is critical for environmental protection through utilization of resources. The experiment is set up in batch mode with various operational elements such as particle size, initial Oxyfluorfen concentration, MEMD dosage, contact time, pH, and temperature. The results, which were evaluated using isothermal and kinetic models, suggest that the Langmuir isotherm and Pseudo II Order kinetic model suit the data well, with the maximum amount of oxyfluorfen removal of 88.9%. It has been determined that Elephas maximus dung (EMD) powder has the highest potential for the abstraction of Oxyfluorfen, hence supporting an alternative environmentally benign procedure, based on the derived observations, supported by theoretical calculations.
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    TERMINALIA CATAPPA AS A NOVEL BIOSORBENT FOR THE REMOVAL OF DIVALENT ION FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS: EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
    (2023-04-14) Muthulakshmi Andal N; Anuradha J
    The effectiveness of acid-treated Terminalia catappa seed shell (TTCSS), an agricultural waste, for the adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions is highlighted in the current work. Adsorbent dose seems to have a great influence on sorption process. A significant risk to human health results from the Cu(II) effluent from industry spreading into the environment through soil and water streams and accumulating along the food chain. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) analyses are used to characterize TTCSS. For the Cu(II)- TTCSS system, batch equilibration method experiments were performed to determine the effect of operating factors such as particle sizes and doses of the adsorbent material, agitation time between the sorbent and the sorbate species, temperature, and pH of the medium. The following parameters have been shown to be the most effective for removing Cu2+ ions (92%) from an initial concentration of 8mg/L : 0.18 mm particle size, 50mg adsorbent dose, 60 min contact time and pH 7. It is discovered that the highest adsorption capacity (Ce) of Cu(II)(7.122mg/g) is higher than the range of 2.1-5.2 mg/g as documented by other researchers for various sorbent materials. This demonstrates Terminalia catappa's superior sorption capacity, when compared to the other materials under study.
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    INVESTIGATION ON THE SEQUESTRATION OF DIVALENT METAL IONS EMPLOYING ANIMAL WASTE
    (Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science, 2021-08-05) Muthulakshmi Andal N; Gayathri NS; Anuradha J
    Heavy metal ions are toxic to the eco-system, when the exceed their concentrations as per specific standards. The widespread use of these in industries control havoc, therefore considerable attention in given for their reduction and removal. It is necessary to develop novel materials in environment order to chelate these toxicants in environmental samples. Based on this need for developing zero cost sorbent, the present study aims at investigating the sorption capacity of Goat Hooves, a no cost material, in the process of removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous media. Goat hooves are subjected Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy / Scanning Electron Microscopy analyses, post proper treatment (TGH), to identify the functional groups and describe its surface morphology respectively. Batch equilibration experiments are conducted to verify the impact of varied operating parameters viz., particle size, dosage, initial concentration, contact time and pH. The obtained data are modelled using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms. Langmuir plot exhibited better linearity amongst other derived models indicating of monolayer adsorption to be followed by Pb(II) – TGH and Cd(II)- TGH. Further, Statistical tool analyses using SPSS 20 software, recorded a significant correlation value when applied to the optimized conditions of the batch studies.
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    FACILE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COFE2O4/ACTIVATED CARBON FOR THE REMOVAL OF REACTIVE DYE
    (Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore, 2018) Thangamani K S; Muthulakshmi Andal N
    Goat Dung Activated Carbon-Cobalt Ferrite Magnetic Composite (GDACCFMC)synthesized by auto-combustion method is employed for the removal Reactive Red 152 (RR152) from aqueous solutions. The surface characteristics are analyzed by SEM, EDAX, BET and BJH techniques. The magnetic property of GDAC-CFMC is characterized by using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) equipment. Batch equilibration experiments are performed to study the influence of operating factors viz., varying initial dye concentrations, doses of sorbent materials, preset time intervals and variable pH environments to optimize the conditions in exploring the better sorptive nature of GDAC-CFMC, favoured at acidic pH. The adsorption data fits well with Freundlich isothermal model supporting multilayer sorption. The present work concludes that GDAC-CFMC is as potential material for trapping the dye molecules.