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CORROSION INHIBITION OF MILD STEEL IN ACIDIC MEDIA BY 5′-PHENYL-2′,4′-DIHYDROSPIRO[INDOLE-3,3′-PYRAZOL]-2(1H)-ONE (Article)
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2013) Jannathul Firdhouse, M; Nalini, D
The inhibition effect of -phenyl-,-dihydrospiro[indole-3,-pyrazol]-2(1H)-one (SPAH) on mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4 has been studied by weight loss, effect of temperature, electrochemical techniques, and quantum chemical studies. The inhibition efficiency increases with increasing concentration of inhibitor but decreases with increase in temperature. The adsorption of inhibitor on mild steel surface has been found to obey Langmuir and Temkin’s adsorption isotherm. Potentiostatic polarization results revealed that SPAH acts as mixed type inhibitor. The values of activation energy (), free energy of adsorption (), enthalpy of adsorption (), and entropy of adsorption () were calculated. Surface analysis (SEM) was also carried out to establish the mechanism of inhibitor on mild steel corrosion in acid medium. Quantum chemical studies using DFT were employed to explain the experimental results obtained in this study and to further give insight into the inhibition action of SPAH on the mild steel surface.
COMPOSTING OF COIRPITH AND ITS EFFECT ON GROWTH AND BIOCHEMICAL CONTENTS OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L. (Article)
(Plant Archives, 2013) Sunitha Kumari, K; Meerabai, R S; Padmadevi, S N
Continuous use of inorganic fertilizers lead to accumulation of injurious heavy metal ions, polluting the soil with precipitates of hydroxides, carbonates, sulphides and sulphates. These necessitate organic amendments to soil for environmental safety and soil health. One of the organic amendments is coir pith, but raw coir pith cannot be used as such due to its high C:N ratio. Present investigation was therefore carried out to find out a suitable technology to compost coirpith and to assess its efficacy on the growth and biochemical contents of an economically important plant (Helianthus annuus L.). For this, precomposting of coir pith (CP) by EM (Effective Micro organisms) technology followed by subsequent vermicomposting was carried out. The earthworm species used for the experimental study was Eudrillus eugeniae (Kingberg) and Eisenia foetida (Savigny). The extent of composting was adjudged based on the CO2 evolution, C:N ratio, macro and micro nutrients levels of composted coir pith (CCP) after different treatments. There was an increase in CO2 evolution and the levels of macro and micro nutrients in the coir pith composted by both the worms, without much difference when compared. However, C:N ratio was higher in the vermicomposted coir pith, when E. eugeniae was used. The composted coir pith (CCP) was amended to the soil in the plots at the rate of 5 t h-1, 10 t h-1 and 15 t h-1. The control plots were left unamended. This CCP was further used to find out its influence on the growth and yield of Helianthus annuus L. such as seed germination, root length, shoot length, vigour index, plant height, carbohydrate and protein contents of the leaves were assessed. It was found that CCP showed a positive influence on the above studied parameters in the fields amended with 15 t h-1. The iodine, saponification values of the seeds was more in the plants grown in the fields amended with 15 t h-1 of CCP, the oil content was more in 5 t h-1 of CCP and the plants grown in the control plot recorded higher fatty acid level.
COMPOSTING OF COIR PITH BY THE MUSHROOMS- PLEUROTUS FLORIDA (FR.) KUMM AND HYPSIZYGUS ULMARIUS (BULL. FR.) REDH (Article)
(Plant Archives, 2013) Sunitha Kumari, K; Meerabai, R S; Padmadevi, S N
Coir pith is a recalcitrant waste product of coir industry. Application of biotechnology for conversion of coir pith into useful biomass (mushroom) would not only solve the waste disposal problem, but also enhance the dietary status of the common man. The present experiment was designed to find out the biological efficiency of the mushroom to utilize coir pith as its substrate for growth. Two different types of mushrooms namely, Pleurotus florida (Fr.) Kumm and Hypsizygus ulmarius (Bull. Fr.) Redh were used for the study. The influence of the mushrooms on the physico-chemical characteristics of the coir pith, yield of the mushroom and its biological efficiency, along with the biochemical content of mushrooms were assessed. Coir pith (CP) composted by Pleurotus florida showed a reduction in pH, EC, bulk density, particle density, lignin, cellulose, hemi-cellulose and phenol content when compared to the CP composted by Hypsizygus ulmarius except for pore space and moisture content. There was drastic change in the C:N ratio, which narrowed down from 113.1:1 to 33.8:1. Likewise macro and micronutrients levels, which were analyzed did not show any significant difference among the CP composted by both the mushrooms except for iron. The maximum number of fruiting body was produced by Pleurotus florida (29/ bed) and Hypsizygus ulmarius (16/bed). Higher content of carbohydrate and protein was recorded in Pleurotus florida. The biological efficiency was comparatively higher in Pleurotus florida (16.52%) than Hypsizygus ulmarius (10.00%).
DISCOVERING TAMIL WRITER IDENTITY USING GLOBAL AND LOCAL FEATURES OF OFFLINE HANDWRITTEN TEXT (Article)
(International Review on Computers and Software, 2013) Thendral, T; Vijaya, M S; Karpagavalli, S
Writer identification is the process of identifying the individual based on their handwriting. Handwriting exhibits behavioral characteristics of an individual and has been considered as unique. The style and shape of the letters written vary slightly for same writer and entirely different for different writers. Also alphabets in the handwritten text may have loops, crossings, junctions, different directions etc. Hence accurate prediction of individual based on his/her handwriting is highly complex and challenging task. This paper proposes a new model for discovering the writer’s identity based on Tamil handwriting. Writer identification problem is formulated as classification task and a pattern classification technique namely Support Vector Machine has been employed to construct the model. It has been reported about 93.8% of prediction accuracy by RBF kernel based classification model.
SYNTHESIS OF CEO2 NANORODS WITH IMPROVED PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY: COMPARISON BETWEEN PRECIPITATION AND HYDROTHERMAL PROCESS (Article)
(Springer Link, 2013) Sabari Arul, N; Mangalaraj, D; Tae Whan, Kim; Pao Chi, Chen; Ponpandian, N; Meena, P; Yoshitake, Masuda
The main purpose of this article is to examine the surface free cerium oxide (CeO2) nanostructures prepared by different methods. CeO2 nanoparticles and nanorods were prepared by two different methods including precipitation and hydrothermal process. In precipitation process the nanoparticles were prepared at room temperature, while in hydrothermal process nanorods were prepared at high temperature. X-ray and electron diffraction analysis show the presence of CeO2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms the presence of CeO2 in both nanostructures. From BET, the specific surface area of nanorods (110 m2g−1) is found to be higher than nanoparticles (52 m2g−1). Also, the effect of morphology on their photodegradation of azo dye acid orange 7 (AO7) under UV–Visible light has been successfully investigated. The results show that the CeO2 nanorods synthesized by hydrothermal method have high surface area and exhibit improved performance in the photocatalytic activity.
CHELATES OF SCHIFF BASES DERIVED FROM THIOCARBOHYDRAZIDE: SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS (Article)
(Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2013) Parameswari, K; Chitra, S; Kiruthika, A; Nagajothi, A
Complexes of Fe(III), Co(II) and Cu(II) with a bidentate Schiff base ligand derived from 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde and thiocarbohydrazide have been synthesized. The complexes have been characterized by IR, UV, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance and thermal studies. From the data, an octahedral geometry has been suggested for Fe(III) and Co(II) complexes and square planar geometry for Cu(II) complex. 3D molecular modeling and energies of all complexes are furnished and the analysis for bond length has been carried out for one of the complex. The complexes have been tested for their antimicrobial and nuclease activity.
EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION ON DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF CO-CU FERRITE NANO PARTICLES
(Elsevier, 2013) Balavijayalakshmi, J; Suriyanarayanan, N; Jayaprakash, R; Gopalakrishnan, V
Nano-sized Cobalt ferrites doped with copper as an additive element CoxCu(1-x)Fe2O4 (where x =0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1) are synthesized using co-precipitation method. Cobalt-Copper ferrite samples sintered at 600○C are subjected to X-ray diffraction to calculate the average particle size and lattice parameters using Debye – Scherrer formula. The FT-IR spectra of these samples are recorded to ensure the presence of the metallic compounds. The variations of dielectric constant and dielectric loss for all the samples are studied as a function of frequency. The crystalline structure of composite nano particles are characterized by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).
BAYESIAN CLASSIFICATION FOR IMAGE RETRIEVAL USING VISUAL DICTIONARY
(Springer Link, 2013) Nazirabegum, M K; Radha, N
Image Retrieval is one of the most promising technologies for retrieving images through the query image. It enables the user to search for the images based upon the relevance of the query image. The main objective of this paper is to develop a faster and more accurate image retrieval system for a dynamic environment such as World Wide Web (WWW). The image retrieval is done by considering color, texture, and edge features. The bag-of-words model can be applied to image classification, by treating image features as words. The goal is to improve the retrieval speed and accuracy of the image retrieval systems which can be achieved through extracting visual features. The global color space model and dense SIFT feature extraction technique have been used to generate a visual dictionary using Bayesian algorithm. The images are transformed into set of features. These features are used as an input in Bayesian algorithm for generating the code word to form a visual dictionary. These code words are used to represent images semantically to form visual labels using Bag-of-Features (BoF). Then it can be extended by combining more features and their combinations. The color and bitmap method involves extracting only the local and global features such as mean and standard deviation. But in this classification technique, color, texture, and edge features are extracted and then Bayesian Algorithm is applied on these image features which gives acceptable classification in order to increases the accuracy of image retrieval.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF RHIZOME OF CURCUMA AROMATICA AND PARTIAL PURIFICATION OF ACTIVE COMPOUNDS (Article)
(Pub Med, 2013) Revathi, S; Malathy, N S
The hexane extract of Curcuma aromatica, a plant belonging to the family Zingiberaceae was tested on 10 bacterial strains (clinical isolates and standard strains). Agar diffusion method was adopted for determining the antibacterial activity of the extract. The hexane extract was found to be active against all Gram-positive strains tested, but inactive against Gram-negative strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined and found to be 539 μg/ml. The phytochemical analysis of hexane extract by gas chromatography mass spectrometry revealed the presence of 13 compounds. The crude hexane extract was partially purified by thin layer chromatography. The zone showing good antibacterial activity was analysed further by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, UV/Vis spectrophotometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which indicated the probable presence of germacrone.
PARTITION DOCUMENT CLUSTERING USING ONTOLOGY APPROACH
(IEEE, 2013-02-21) Punitha, S C; Jayasree, R; Punithavalli, M
Data mining is the extraction of hidden predictive information from large databases and it is a powerful new technology with great potential to help companies focus on the most important information in their data warehouses. Data mining tools predict future trends and behaviors, allowing businesses to make proactive, knowledge-driven decisions. In data mining there are two activities such as Classification and clustering [5]. Text clustering typically involves clustering in a high dimensional space, which appears difficult with regard to virtually all practical settings. The creation and deployment of knowledge repositories for managing, sharing, and reusing tacit knowledge within an organization has emerged as a prevalent approach in current knowledge management practices.
INVESTIGATION OF THE INHIBITIVE EFFECT OF 1,8- NAPHTHYRIDINE DERIVATIVES ON CORROSION OF MILD STEEL IN ACIDIC MEDIA (Article)
(Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, 2013-03) Kalaiselvi, K; Nijarubini, V; Mallika, J
In the present investigation 1,8-naphthyridine compounds have been synthesized and its inhibition action on the corrosion of mild steel in 1M HCl was investigated by corrosion weight loss test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization and solution analysis techniques (AAS). Polarization measurementsclearly indicate that the examined compounds acts as mixed inhibitors and the inhibition efficiency increases with inhibitor concentration. Changes in the impedance parameters (Rct and Cdl) are indicative of the adsorption of naphthyridine compounds on the metal surface, leading to the formation of protective film. Solution analyses were carried out by atomic absorption spectroscopy, which shows decreased dissolution of iron in the presence of inhibitors. Physical adsorption is proposed for the inhibition and the process followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
INHIBITION OF MILD STEEL CORROSION IN THE PRESENCE OF P-NITROPHENYL-2- IMIDAZOLINE
(NACE - International Corrosion Conference Series, 2013-03-17) Nalini, D; Rajalakshmi, R
p-nitrophenyl-2-imidazoline (PNP2I) was synthesized in the laboratory and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra and evaluated as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1M Hydrochloric acid and 0.5M Sulphuric acid by weight loss method and electrochemical studies. Results obtained revealed that PNP2I was a very good inhibitor and behaved better in 0.5M H2SO4 than in 1M HCl. Potentiodynamic polarization curves showed that PNP2I is a mixed type inhibitor. The ability of the studied inhibitor to inhibit the corrosion of mild steel was due to the presence of two hetero nitrogen atoms on the imidazoline ring and the phenyl ring attached to the imidazoline ring. The adsorption of PNP2I on the mild steel surface in both acidic media followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Surface analyses were also carried out, to establish the mechanism of the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acidic solutions. Good inhibition efficiency was evidenced in both acid solutions, furnishing an inhibition efficiency of 80 %.
INHIBITION OF MILD STEEL CORROSION IN THE PRESENCE OF P-NITROPHENYL-2-IMIDAZOLINE
(NACE - International Corrosion Conference Series, 2013-03-17) Nalini, D; Rajalakshmi, R
p-nitrophenyl-2-imidazoline (PNP2I) was synthesized in the laboratory and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra and evaluated as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1M Hydrochloric acid and 0.5M Sulphuric acid by weight loss method and electrochemical studies. Results obtained revealed that PNP2I was a very good inhibitor and behaved better in 0.5M H2SO4 than in 1M HCl. Potentiodynamic polarization curves showed that PNP2I is a mixed type inhibitor. The ability of the studied inhibitor to inhibit the corrosion of mild steel was due to the presence of two hetero nitrogen atoms on the imidazoline ring and the phenyl ring attached to the imidazoline ring. The adsorption of PNP2I on the mild steel surface in both acidic media followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Surface analyses were also carried out, to establish the mechanism of the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acidic solutions. Good inhibition efficiency was evidenced in both acid solutions, furnishing an inhibition efficiency of 80 %.
SECURING IRIS AND FINGERPRINT TEMPLATES USING FUZZY VAULT AND SYMMETRIC ALGORITHM
(IEEE, 2013-03-21) Sowkarthika, S; Radha, N
The important aspect of all verification system is authentication and security. This aspect necessitates the development of a method that ensures user security and privacy. The traditional methods such as tokens and passwords provide security to the users. Uncertainly, the attackers can easily compromise these techniques. In recent years, the combination of biometrics and cryptography techniques has been proved as a efficient way to achieve security. The important feature of using biometric template is that it cannot be exploit by an unauthorized user. Most commonly used biometric features are iris, retina, fingerprint, face, palmprint, hand geometry, voice and so on. Fuzzy vault is the concept which uses the combination of biometrics and cryptographic key generation technique. This fuzzy vault act as a additional layer of security. This paper proposes a biometric verification system investigating the combined usage of multimodal biometric features and fuzzy vault scheme. This approach uses of fingerprint and iris in order to provide higher accuracy rate. Experiments were conducted to investigate the performance of the proposed system in ensuring the user security and privacy.
A NEW FRAMEWORK FOR IRIS AND FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION USING SVM CLASSIFICATION AND EXTREME LEARNING MACHINE BASED ON SCORE LEVEL FUSION
(IEEE, 2013-03-21) Sangeetha, S; Radha, N
In a Multimodal biometric system, the effective fusion method is necessary for combining information from various single modality systems. Two biometric characteristics are considered in this study: iris and fingerprint. Multimodal biometric system needs an effective fusion scheme to combine biometric characteristics derived from one or more modalities. The score level fusion is used to combine the characteristics from different biometric modalities. Fusion at the score level is a new technique, which has a high potential for efficient consolidation of multiple unimodal biometric matcher outputs. Support vector machine and extreme learning techniques are used in this system for recognition of biometric traits. In this, the Fingerprint-Iris system provides better performance and comparison of support vector machine and extreme learning machine based on score-level fusion methods is obtained. In score-level fusion, ELM provides better performance as compare to the SVM. It reduces the classification time of current system. This work is valuable and makes an efficient accuracy in such applications. This system can be utilized for person identification in several applications.
HIGH CAPACITY SNXSBYCUZ COMPOSITE ANODES FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERIES (Article)
(Elsevier, 2013-05) Nithya, C; Sowmiya, T; Vijaya Baskar, K; Selvaganeshan, N; Kalaiyarasi, T; Gopukumar, S
To increase the volumetric discharge capacity of negative electrode for rechargeable lithium batteries, a composite anode SnxSbyCuz has been synthesized by using high energy mechanical ball milling method. The synthesized composite anode materials have been characterized by X-ray diffraction and SEM analysis. The charge/discharge characteristics of the fabricated coin cells have been evaluated galvanostatically in the potential range 0.01–2 V using 1 M LiPF6 in 1:1 EC/DEC as electrolyte. Results indicate that the composition with 90 wt% Sn, 8 wt% Sb and 2 wt% Cu delivers an average discharge capacity of 740 mAh g−1 over the investigated 50 cycles which is a potential candidate for use as an anode material for lithium rechargeable cells.
ANTIDIABETIC, ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CURCUMA RAKTAKANTHA J.K. MANGALY & M. SABU ON STREPTOZOTOZIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS (Article)
(Academic Sciences, 2013-06-02) Rajarathinam, Natarajan Inthirakanthi; Nungampakkam, Subramanian Malathy; Nagarajan, Anusuya
To evaluate the antidiabetic potential of Curcuma raktakantha (CR) rhizome using in vitro inhibitory assays and streptozotozin (STZ) induced diabetic animal model.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE–HEXAFLUOROPROPYLENE)–ALUMINA FOR MESOCARBON MICROBEADS VERSUS LINI1/3MN1/3CO1/3O2 LI-ION POLYMER CELLS (Article)
(Elsevier, 2013-10) Manikandan, P; Kousalya, S; Periasamy, P
Membranes based on the composite gel polymer electrolyte (CGPE) system have been prepared through the solution casting method using poly(vinylidene fluoride–hexafluoropropylene) (P(VdF–HFP)), nano-sized alumina ceramics (Al2O3) and 1 M LiCF3SO3 salt dissolved in the mixture of (1:1) ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate (EC+DMC) solvents. Physicochemical characteristics viz., structural, electrochemical properties of these membranes have been analyzed. The optimum composition of 10 wt% Al2O3 with (P(VdF–HFP)) and 1 M LiCF3SO3 in EC+DMC showed a higher ionic conductivity of 7.1047×10−3 S cm−1, electrochemical stability of 4.9 V (CGPE-10, 30 °C) which can be attributed to honey-comb structure. This Li/CGPE-10/LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cell delivered significant enhancement in charge–discharge studies viz., 186 mA h g−1 (1st) and good capacity retention ∼90% (50th) in the voltage range 2.5–4.6 V at 0.1 C rate. Also, corresponding Li-ion polymer cell (MCMB/CGPE-10/LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2) yielded proportionate 2.38 mA h and the capacity retention ∼95% at the 50th cycle.
CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF HMW SUB-UNITS AND BAKING QUALITY-RELATED TRAITS IN INDIAN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) CULTIVARS (Article)
(A K Journals, 2013-12) Gajalakshmi, Kandasamy
High molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits and baking quality-related traits were studied in 50 Indian wheat landraces. Scoring of germplasm based on electrophoresis patterns using the Payne method showed that the quality scores varied from 4 to 8. Based on this scoring, 13 cultivars were ranked as superior. Cluster analysis based on electrophoresis patterns and Jaccard similarity criteria divided the cultivars into five groups, with 13 cultivars in the first cluster. There was no similarity between the grouping pattern based on HMW glutenin sub-units and quality-related traits. In the present study, the quality of the flour of six wheat varieties was weak, so these varieties were only suitable for biscuit making. The flour of 31 wheat varieties showed medium strength. The remaining 13 wheat varieties had strong flour. Considering the great variation observed for quality-related traits and HMW glutenin sub-units, it can be concluded that these cultivars are potential sources of desirable quality traits for use in bread wheat breeding programmes to improve bread-making quality.