5.Review (11)

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MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMER-BASED OPTICAL IMMUNOSENSORS
(Wiley Analytical Science, 2023) Kshitij R B, Singh; Arunadevi, Natarajan
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are artificial antibodies for a target molecule. The review focuses mainly on mechanistic steps involved in forming MIPs and the role of co-monomers and porogen. In addition, the electronic transition between different energy levels is explained with the help of the Jablonski diagram. Diverse receptor and target molecules for anchoring artificial MIPs are discussed, accentuating the synergetic effects obtained. The binding efficiency, selectivity, and sensitivity of various optical sensors are discussed intensively. In addition to this, we focused on synthesis, physical forms, characterization techniques, and microorganism detection of imprinted polymers. A brief investigation on the use of MIPs in cancer diagnosis is also included, and attention is extended to the important challenges faced in using imprinted polymers.
MANNOSE: A POTENTIAL SACCHARIDE CANDIDATE IN DISEASE MANAGEMENT
(Springer Link, 2023-01-20) Dhanalakshmi, M; Sruthi, D; Jinuraj, K R; Kajari, Das; Sushma, Dave; Muthulakshmi Andal, N; Jayashankar, Das
There are a plethora of antibiotic resistance cases and humans are marching towards another big survival test of evolution along with drastic climate change and infectious diseases. Ever since the first antibiotic [penicillin], and the myriad of vaccines, we were privileged to escape many infectious disease threats. The survival technique of pathogens seems rapidly changing and sometimes mimicking our own systems in such a perfect manner that we are left unarmed against them. Apart from searching for natural alternatives, repurposing existing drugs more effectively is becoming a familiar approach to new therapeutic opportunities. The ingenious use of revolutionary artificial intelligence-enabled drug discovery techniques is coping with the speed of such alterations. D-Mannose is a great hope as a nutraceutical in drug discovery, against CDG, diabetes, obesity, lung disease, and autoimmune diseases and recent findings of anti-tumor activity make it interesting along with its role in drug delivery enhancing techniques. A very unique work done in the present investigation is the collection of data from the ChEMBL database and presenting the targetable proteins on pathogens as well as on humans. It shows Mannose has 50 targets and the majority of them are on human beings. The structure and conformation of certain monosaccharides have a decisive role in receptor pathogen interactions and here we attempt to review the multifaceted roles of Mannose sugar, its targets associated with different diseases, as a natural molecule having many success stories as a drug and future hope for disease management.
PLANT DERIVED EXOSOME- LIKE NANOVESICLES: AN UPDATED OVERVIEW
(Elsevier, 2023-02) Subha, D; Harshnii, K; Madhikiruba, K G; Nandhini, M; Tamilselvi, K S
Exosomes are nanovesicles in the size range of 30–150 nm, produced by mammalian and plant cells. They have the lipid bilayer enclosing a unique mix of biologically active components including proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites and lipids, that depend on their source of origin. The plant derived nanovesicles are gaining considerable research attention due to their ability to be absorbed from the dietary sources. Their bioactive components impart many therapeutic properties to them such as anti-tumorigenic, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective effects and tissue regeneration. The possibilities of using plant derived exosomes for drug delivery is also promising. This review focusses on the biogenesis and biological nature of exosomes derived from plants and describes their various inherent therapeutic properties. It sheds light on the recently developed methods to study them. The existing challenges in the exosomal research as well as the future prospective are highlighted. Overall, it is an update on the advancements on the research in plant exosomes which can provide a replacement for toxic synthetic drugs and possibilities for disease therapy.
ELECTROSPUN FLEXIBLE NANOFIBRES FOR BATTERIES: DESIGN AND APPLICATION
(Springer Link, 2023-03-27) Robert Ilango, P; Dennyson Savariraj, A; Hongjiao, Huang; Linlin, Li; Guangzhi, Hu; Huaisheng, Wang; Xiaodong, Hou; Byung, Chul Kim; Seeram, Ramakrishna; Shengjie, Peng
Flexible and free-standing electrospun nanofibres have been used as electrode materials in electrochemical energy storage systems due to their versatile properties, such as mechanical stability, superb electrical conductivity, and high functionality. In energy storage systems such as metal-ion, metal-air, and metal-sulphur batteries, electrospun nanofibres are vital for constructing flexible electrodes and substantially enhancing their electrochemical properties. The need for flexible batteries has increased with increasing demand for new products such as wearable and flexible devices, including smartwatches and flexible displays. Conventional batteries have several semirigid to rigid components that limit their expansion in the flexible device market. The creation of flexible and wearable batteries with greater mechanical flexibility, higher energy, and substantial power density is critical in meeting the demand for these new electronic items. The implementation of carbon and carbon-derived composites into flexible electrodes is required to realize this goal. It is essential to understand recent advances and the comprehensive foundation behind the synthesis and assembly of various flexible electrospun nanofibres. The design of nanofibres, including those comprising carbon, N-doped carbon, hierarchical, porous carbon, and metal/metal oxide carbon composites, will be explored. We will highlight the merits of electrospun carbon flexible electrodes by describing porosity, surface area, binder-free and free-standing electrode construction, cycling stability, and performance rate. Significant scientific progress has been achieved and logistical challenges have been met in promoting secondary battery usage; therefore, this review of flexible electrode materials will advance this easily used and sought-after technology. The challenges and prospects involved in the timely development of carbon nanofibre composite flexible electrodes and batteries will be addressed.
GREEN NANOBIOPOLYMERS FOR ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS: A STEP TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023-04-20) Preeti, Chincholikar; Kshitij RB, Singh; Arunadevi, Natarajan; Rout George, Kerry; Jay, Singh; Jitendra, Malviya; Ravindra, Pratap Singh
To minimize the usage of non-renewable resources and to maintain a sustainable environment, the exploitation of green nanobiopolymers should be enhanced. Biopolymers are generally developed from various microorganisms and plants in the specified condition. This review article discusses the current advances and trends of biopolymers, particularly in the arena of nanotechnology. In addition, discussion on various synthesis steps and structural characterization of green polymer materials like cellulose, chitin, and lignin is also encompassed. This article aims to coordinate the most recent outputs and possible future utilization of nanobiopolymers to the ecosystem with negligible effects by promoting the utilities of polymeric materials like polycaprolactones, starch, and nanocellulose. Additionally, strategic modification of cellulose into nanocellulose via rearrangement of the polymeric compound to serve various industrial and medical purposes has also been highlighted in the review. Specifically, the process of nanoencapsulation and its advancements in terms of nutritional aspects was also presented. The potential utility of green nanobiopolymers is one of the best cost-effective alternatives concerning circular economy and thereby helps to maintain sustainability.
THE CURRENT STATE OF ALGAE IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND ENERGY CONVERSION: A CRITICAL REVIEW
(Elsevier, 2023-06) Sabariswaran, Kandasamy; Mathiyazhagan, Narayanan; Rathinam, Raja; Kesavan, Devarayan; Kavitha, R
Due to the rapid expansion of the global economy and population, there aren't enough water resources accessible for direct human consumption. Therefore, water remediation will unavoidably take center stage on a worldwide platform. The development of microalgae can be supported by several types of wastewater (WW). They might be able to clean up pollutants from industry and urban effluents. Due to its low energy requirements, microalgae's capacity to survive in various environmental circumstances, and the potential to convert WW nutrients into high-value chemicals, microalgae-based wastewater treatment (WWT) has already received attention. Recent studies have reported using microalgae to remove pharmaceutical compounds and pesticides from wastewater produced by industrial and agricultural processes and removing nutrients from wastewater from WWTs. As a result, utilizing microalgae for both wastewater treatment and biofuel production could be a cost-effective solution to these challenges. This review emphasizes recent developments in the production of microalgae for WW cleanup. Additionally, it highlights the current problems and opportunities in the emerging algae-based sector.
MARINE BIORESOURCES ARE A BOON FOR BIOPLASTIC PRODUCTION AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO CONVENTIONAL PLASTICS—A REVIEW
(Springer Link, 2023-08-30) Mathiyazhagan, Narayanan; Jintae, Lee; Selvaraj, Barathi; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy
The constant rise in global demand for plastic products has led to an uninterrupted increase in the production and utilization of petroleum-based conventional plastics. This has resulted in significant contamination of plastic waste due to its non-biodegradable nature, particularly within aquatic ecosystems, while the availability of petroleum resources is decreasing. Additionally, although bioplastics have been introduced as alternatives to traditional plastics, their primary production from plant sources has raised concerns regarding their harmful effects on ecosystems and human well-being. In response to these challenges, marine-based bioplastics have emerged as a promising and economically feasible solution to meet the growing demand for plastic products. Marine bioresource–based bioplastics possess favorable physicochemical properties and exhibit ease of degradation, making them attractive compounds for various applications. However, implementing marine bioplastics on a large scale requires further investigation. Therefore, the main objectives of this review are to emphasize the existing scientific gaps within the specific research area and clearly state the review’s objective view. Hence, this review provides a comprehensive summary of micro and microorganisms derived from marine resources for bioplastic production and explores potential applications in promoting human welfare without causing harm to the ecosystem.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON BISPHENOLS – SOURCES, HEALTH IMPACTS, AND ANALYTICAL DETERMINATION OF BISPHENOL A IN AQUEOUS SAMPLES
(Wiley Analytical Science, 2023-09-29) Veena, Vinod; Amirtha, P S; Harathi, P B
Bisphenol A and its structural analogs are used by industrial processes for the manufacture of plastics, and medical and electronic devices. When these products are disposed of, they tend to leach out causing pollution and impacting human health. Thus, many studies are focused on detecting the presence of Bisphenols in environmental matrices, especially in water and food, as it is a major route of human exposure. Advancements have been made in the preparation and detection of samples using different analytical techniques. The most widely used techniques for bisphenol detection are liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy. The progress made for ultra-trace detection of Bisphenols via the development of efficient sample extraction techniques and the benefits of each technique are highlighted. The recent advances in detection techniques using colorimetric and Raman spectroscopy are reviewed with an emphasis on the use of portable onsite techniques compared to conventional labor-intensive and time-consuming techniques. An overview of all the approaches to determining Bisphenols in environmental and food samples is discussed in detail to provide insight into the progress made in this field.
BIOINSPIRED MULTIFUNCTIONAL SILVER NANOPARTICLES FOR OPTICAL SENSING APPLICATIONS: A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH
(ACS Publications, 2023-10-18) Kshitij RB, Singh; Arunadevi, Natarajan; Shyam S, Pandey
Silver nanoparticles developed via biosynthesis are the most fascinating nanosized particles and encompassed with excellent physicochemical properties. The bioinspired nanoparticles with different shapes and sizes have attracted huge attention due to their stability, low cost, environmental friendliness, and use of less hazardous chemicals. This is an ideal method for synthesizing a range of nanosized metal particles from plants and biomolecules. Optical biosensors are progressively being fabricated for the attainment of sustainability by using opportunities offered by nanotechnology. This review focuses mainly on tuning the optical properties of the metal nanoparticles for optical sensing to explore the importance and applications of bioinspired silver nanoparticles. Further, this review deliberates the role of bioinspired silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in biomedical, agricultural, environmental, and energy applications. Profound insight into the antimicrobial properties of these nanoparticles is also appreciated. Tailor-made bioinspired nanoparticles with effectuating characteristics can unsurprisingly target tumor cells and distribute enwrapped payloads intensively. Existing challenges and prospects of bioinspired Ag NPs are also summarized. This review is expected to deliver perceptions about the progress of the next generation of bioinspired Ag NPs and their outstanding performances in various fields by promoting sustainable practices for fabricating optical sensing devices.
PLANT EXOSOMES: NANO CONVEYORS OF PATHOGEN RESISTANCE
(Springer Link, 2023-11-30) Subha, D; AnuKiruthika, R; Harsha, Sreeraj; Tamilselvi, K S
The entry of a pathogen into a plant host is a complex process involving multiple steps. Survival techniques from the pathogen and the defense mechanisms of the plant lead to a plethora of molecular interactions during the operation. Plant extracellular vesicles, especially the exosomes in the size range of 50–150 nm play a crucial role in plant defense. They act as signalosomes capable of transporting bioactive lipids, proteins, RNA and metabolites between the host and the pathogen. Recent research works have revealed that anti-microbial compounds, stress response proteins and small RNA are among the contents of these extracellular vesicles. The current review article analyses the cruciality of the cross-talk between the host and the pathogen organized through trafficking of small RNA via exosomes towards RNA induced gene silencing in the pathogenic organisms. Recent studies have shown that extracellular vesicles released by both plants and the pathogens, play a crucial role in cross-kingdom communication, thereby regulating the host response and contributing to plant immunity. An in-depth understanding of the mechanism by which the EVs mediate this inter-species and cross-kingdom regulation is currently needed to develop sustainable plant-protection strategies. The review highlights on the latest advances in understanding the role of EVs in establishing host–pathogen relationship, modulating plant immunity and approaches for how these findings can be developed into innovative strategies for crop protection.
STUDY OF EFFICIENT SUSTAINABLE PHOSPHOR IN GLASS (P – I – G) MATERIAL FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS FABRICATED BY TAPE CASTING AND SCREEN-PRINTING TECHNIQUES
(Elsevier, 2023-12) Mitrabhanu, Behera; Rajashree, Panda; Dhivya, P; Dhananjay, Joshi; Arun Kumar, R
In the recent years, phosphor coverted (pc) white light emitting diode (w-LED) has become a crucial and reliable lighting source. The most extensively used phosphor material employed in pc-wLED is the versatile yellow light emitting cerium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet, Ce3+:Y3Al5O12 (Ce:YAG) material. Here, the combination of blue light emitted by InGaN-GaN-based LED chip along with the down-converted yellow light (540 nm) emitted by Ce:YAG phosphor gives rise to the generation of efficient white light. Phosphor-in-glass (P-i-G) composites which are found to be efficient alternatives to phosphor-in-silicones structures are presented in this manuscript. The fabrication of P-i-G material through tape-casting and screen-printing methods are discussed and are critically reviewed. The mechanical and optical properties of the P-i-G samples prepared using the two methods (tape – casting and screen printing) are discussed.