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    ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THE LEVEL OF NUTRIENT CONTENTS AS WELL AS HEAVY METAL IONS IN WATERS OF THREE LAKES AT COIMBATORE, TAMIL NADU, INDIA
    (Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 2016-02-26) Manikandan, R; Ezhili, N; Muthulakshmiandal, N; Paulo J. C, Favas; Venkatachalam, P
    Lake water quality degradation and heavy metals pollution have been serious environmental threats for last decades, especially in those fresh water lakes situated in the vicinity of the cities and human habitations. The present study aimed to investigate the physicochemical parameters, level of nutrient contents and heavy metals to determine the water quality of Ukkadam, Kuruchi and Singanallur Lakes. All the physicochemical parameters except dissolved oxygen, sulphate, silicate and nitrate values were found above the prescribed limit as recommended by WHO (2011) and BIS (2003) drinking water quality. The concentrations of Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Niand Pb in waters of the selected three lakes ranged from 0.014 – 0.038, 0.145 – 0.063, 0.025 – 0.552, 0.100 – 3.460, 0.028 – 0.117 and 0.463 – 2.172 mg/L respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals except Cu were found to be higher than the permeable dose. This investigation revealed that the water in these lakes is partially contaminated with high level of heavy metals. It is recommended that proper implementation of new wetland waste management system and constant monitoring is urgently required to maintain good water quality in these lakes for future generation.
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    PHOSPHORUS SUPPLEMENTATION ALLEVIATION OF THE CADMIUM-INDUCED TOXICITY BY MODULATING OXIDATIVE STRESS MECHANISMS IN VETIVER GRASS [CHRYSOPOGON ZIZANIOIDES (L.) ROBERTY]
    (ASCE Library, 2016-04-04) Manikandan, R; Ezhili, N; Venkatachalam, P
    The present study describes the potential role of additional phosphorus (P) on alleviating cadmium (Cd)–induced toxicity in vetiver plants. The plant growth was significantly affected at Cd treatment compared to the control, while it increased by 13% with addition of P in the medium when compared with Cd treatment. Accumulation of Cd content in plants showed positive correlation with Cd and combination exposure, whereas it was slightly decreased at higher doses of combination treatments in roots compared to the shoot exposed to Cd. A decreased level of photosynthetic pigments was noticed with increasing the Cd concentrations, but it was slightly enhanced with Cd and P combination treatments over Cd treatment. Both hydrogen peroxide ( ) and malondialhyde (MDA) contents were found to be increased with increasing Cd dose. The antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX) activities were found to be increased at lower doses of Cd exposure, while they were slightly decreased at higher doses of Cd treatment. The ameliorating effect of P was confirmed by reduction of MDA contents, and antioxidative enzyme activities in shoot and root tissues. Isozyme banding pattern revealed the appearance of additional isoforms of SOD, CAT, and POX in leaf tissues grown in combination. These results together suggested that the P amendment with Cd may decrease the Cd-induced toxicity that could promote seedlings growth. The present protocol could be considered as novel technology for alleviation of heavy metal stress-induced toxicity in plants including Cd ions.