4.Book Chapter (18)
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Item BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF TOXIC MICROBIAL METABOLITES IN THE REFORMULATED FOOD(Elsevier, 2023-11-03) Gokul Priya, Thangavelu; Anand Raj, Dhanapal; Ramkumar, Samynathan; Baskar, Venkidasamy; Muthu, Thiruvengadam; Andrey, Nagdalian; Mohammad Ali, ShariatiReformulation of food tends to make nutritious foodstuff available for all, but food spoilage and food poisoning may arise due to microorganisms present in the surroundings. Preservation of reformulated food is necessary to maintain the nutritional supplements and to augment the safer foods the consumers. There are many ways of preservation, including the alternative physical and chemical methods. This chapter is based on biopreservation, that is, biological control of food spoilage in the reformulated foods. Microorganisms produce toxins such as bacteriocins that have the potential to inhibit/destroy the other microorganisms, which is one of the ways to persevere formulated food.Item ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENT MODELS FOR AUTOMATIC DIAGNOSIS OF FOETAL CARDIAC ANOMALIES: A META-ANALYSIS(Springer Link, 2023-01-01) Divya, M O; Vijaya, M SThe foetal anomaly scanning is one of the most challenging areas where accuracy of diagnosis much fluctuating with respect to the expertise of the radiologist and the mental equilibrium of the radiologist at the time of scanning. Amongst the various anomalies, foetal heart anomaly diagnosis expects precise and sensitive intellectual presence since perilous congenital heart diseases are one of the common causes resulting in the major population of infant mortality or into permanent natal faults. The accuracy of manual diagnosis of foetal cardiac abnormalities from the ultrasound scan images vary based on the human expertise and the presence of mind. Therefore, the scope of computer-assisted judgement can produce accurate diagnosis irrespective of the operator’s profile. Numerous researches are going on to explore the scope of computer-assisted judgement of abnormalities using ultrasound imaging technique (USIT), specifically using machine learning and deep learning models. This work exploits the opportunities of computer-assisted diagnosis in foetal cardiac anomaly diagnosis as this is one of the most sensitive areas where appropriate diagnosis can save a life and a wrong diagnosis may lose a life unnecessarily.Item NANOMEDICINE AND NANOCARRIERS FOR CANCER TREATMENT(Elsevier, 2023) Arunadevi, Natarajan; Suyambulingam, Jone KirubavathyNanomedicine and nanocarrier drug systems are innovative therapeutic concept in which drugs in nano dimensions are employed for diagnostic and treatment for carcinogenic cells. Nanomedicines are emerged as superlative drugs for cancer treatment due to their small size, good penetrating power, and high affinity for binding with drugs. The nanotechnology field provides numerous benefits as therapeutic agents like target drug delivery (DD) with minimal side effects. The current chapter presents the detailed study on different approaches for DD, approved nanocarriers drugs, active and passive targeting, and different kinds of challenges faced. The regulatory issues and safety concerns are also discussed, and this chapter improves the knowledge of cancer treatment with the use of nanotechnology.Item TRANSITION METAL PHOSPHATES/PHOSPHONATES FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES(Springer Link, 2023-03-30) Nithya, CThe development of advanced battery technologies for portable electronic devices and electric vehicles requires highly efficient cost effective electrode materials. The fundamental challenge behind the exploration of advanced battery technologies involves the rational designing of electrode materials to meet high energy and high power density. Among the various electrode materials for energy storage applications, metal phosphates/phosphonates with the advantages of abundance, low cost, and eco-friendliness are emerging as a new class of electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). These transition metal phosphates/phosphonates have shown remarkable electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries owing to their unique physiochemical properties. In this chapter, the design engineering of transition metal phosphate and phosphonate-based electrode materials for storing lithium-ions are systematically discussed. More emphasis on the tuning of the structure–property relationship towards lithium-ion interaction/deintercation, challenges in the increase of electrochemically active sites, and construction of nanoarchitecture/heterostructures were also discussed.Item ECO-FRIENDLY BLOCKCHAIN FOR SMART CITIES(Elsevier, 2023) Hepziba Gnanamalar, R; Ebenesar Anna Bagyam, JThe term “smart city” denotes a complete idea to relieve pending issues of cutting-edge city regions that have advanced into a crucial painting subject for practitioners and pupils alike. However, the query stays as to how towns can become “clever.” The software of the records era is normally taken into consideration as a key motive force withinside the “smartization” of towns. Detailed frameworks and techniques are consequently having to manual, operationalize, and degree the implementation manner in addition to the effect of the respective technology. This chapter discusses about blockchain era, a unique motive force of technological transformation that contains a mess of underlying technology and protocols, and its capability effect on clever towns. The chapter deals with the query of ways the blockchain era may also advantage the improvement of city regions. Based on a complete literature review, we gift a framework and study propositions. Nine software fields of a blockchain era withinside the smartization of towns: (1) healthcare, (2) logistics and deliver chains, (3) mobility, (4) energy, (5) management and services, (6) e-voting, (7) factory, (8) domestic, and (9) education are discussed. Contemporary-day tendencies in those fields illustrate how they're laid low with the blockchain era and derive propositions to manual destiny studies’ endeavors. Further sections of the chapter are well organized as follows. Section 1 is the introductory part of the eco-friendly blockchain technology for smart cities. Section 2 reflects types of blockchain executions and some common consent algorithms. Section 3 illustrates the benefits of blockchain combination with smart cities and reconnoiters ways it plays an essential role in creating and benefitting smart cities. Fifteen benefits of smart cities with blockchain are discussed in Section 4. Section 5 defends how blockchain is eco-friendly, and finally, Section 6 summarizes and concludes all sections.Item EMERGING METHODOLOGIES FOR THE MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF SOIL MICROBIOTA FROM POLLUTED SOIL SITES(Springer Link, 2023-06-05) Ridhuvarshini; Pavethra; Sophia, Reena; SivaranjaniThe soil microbiome performs a wide range of crucial functions; however, we have a limited understanding of its biodiversity. Extracting microbes from polluted sites could reveal potential microbes that could be used to mitigate pollution better than conventional microbes. Soil DNA may be extracted directly, amplified using polymerase chain reaction, and profiled to reveal more about the soil microbiome’s taxonomy and function than ever before. Current procedures frequently combine DNA sequencing with other methods like denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE), single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP), amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), amplified ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA), and cloning. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed, and new developments that have relevance as an appliance shedding light on the soil microbial ecology are also included. Soil diversity cannot be assessed using just one approach; therefore, picking the right one and using newly discovered information can significantly improve our understanding of soil microbes for their specific applications in mitigating.Item IMPACT OF ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII ON DYE DEGRADATION AND A MOLECULAR ANALYSIS STUDY(Springer Link, 2023-06-05) Nivetha, V; Harini, S; Maria Shyla, J; Sophia Reena, GAcinetobacter baumanni was isolated from polluted soil. An attempt to study the A. baumannii to degrade dye was explored. It was found effective against azo dye and was able to completely degrade the dye under 48 h in a shake flask. Molecular analysis on the isolate A. baumanni was performed together with Hedychium flavum, and the sequence was submitted to the NCBI database to procure accession number MT192652.1. Response surface Methodology-Box-Behnken design (RSM-BBD) was used to optimize the condition and achieve 98–99% dye decolorization.Item ANALYSIS OF HEDYCHIUM FLAVUM WASTE POWDER AS A POTENT HEAVY METAL ADSORBENT(Springer Link, 2023-06-05) Swetha M; Indhumathi S; Sheeba L; Sangeetha G; Anushya Devi T S; Selvanayaki MHedychium flavum, a medicinal, edible, and ornamental plant, is widely cultivated in India. Essential oils from the plant are used for various medical purposes and the leftover plant residue after oil extraction is discarded as a waste. An attempt was made to explore the used of this waste to remove heavy metals from wastewater was analysed. Result shows that the waste powder can be used effectively for metal removal. Hedychium flavum sequence was submitted to the NCBI database to procure accession numbers MN988619.Item TRIAZOLES AS POTENTIAL CORROSION INHIBITORS: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES(Elsevier, 2023) Ramkumar, S; Nalini, D; Chauhan, D S; Quraishi, M AIndustries are continuously searching for solutions to reduce the losses caused by the massive issue of corrosion, which consumes company earnings. Prevention is the best defense against corrosion. Customized solutions using various corrosion inhibitors are one of the best methods of corrosion prevention. Organic compounds rich in heteroatoms and electron-rich cores, serve as barriers that prevent corrosion by forming an adsorbed layer. Triazoles stand out as a significant five-member nitrogen heterocycle among nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds with outstanding uses. Five-membered triazole come in two different structural varieties: 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole. Both 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazoles may support a wide range of substituents (electrophiles and nucleophiles) around the core structures due to their structural features, which allows for the development of numerous unique compounds. The excellent corrosion protection action of triazole derivatives can be attributed to the presence of electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents that allow an improved protection performance compared to that of the parent triazole molecule. Computational studies have provided evidence that the triazole- based molecules undergo donor-acceptor type interactions with metallic substrates. Triazoles are used in a variety of commercial applications, including physiologically active compounds, agrochemicals, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, and optical brighteners. This paper deals with the review on recent developments on triazole as corrosion inhibitors and their application as corrosion inhibitors and their recent trends in the field of corrosion of different metals in a variety of corrosive environments.Item BIONANOCOMPOSITES FOR REJUVENATION OF HEAVILY CONTAMINATED ENVIRONMENT(Elsevier, 2023) Arunadevi, N; Jone Kirubavathy, STreatment of air, land, and water is challenging for many engineers and scientists for environmental rejuvenation. A variety of methods have been explored for the removal of toxic materials. But the efficiency of these conventional methods is less. Among the different rejuvenation techniques, the adsorption process is used extensively due to its ease and low cost. After a successful search, bionanocomposites were found to be an effective and reliable environmental remediation tool. Bionanocomposites come under the class of advanced hybrid materials. They contain natural/synthetic degradable polymers along with nanomaterial. The nanocomposites play a significant role in wastewater treatment by removing contaminants such as dyes, organic compounds, and heavy metals. The attention toward bionanocomposites is owing to their physical and mechanical properties. This chapter focuses on cost-effective and efficient bionanocomposites for environmental rejuvenation.