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PASSWORD STRENGTH PREDICTION USING SUPERVISED MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES
(International Conference on Advances in Computing, Control and Telecommunication Technologies, ACT 2009 archived in IEEE Xplore and IEEE CS Digital Library., 2009) Karpagavalli S; Jamuna K S; Vijaya M S
Passwords are a vital component of system security. Though there are many alternatives to passwords for access control, password is the more compellingly authenticating the identity in many applications. They provide a simple, direct means of protecting a system and they represent the identity of an individual for a system. The big vulnerability of passwords lies in their nature. Users are consistently told that a strong password is essential these days to protect private data as there are so many ways for an unauthorized person with little technical knowledge or skill to learn the passwords of legitimate users. Thus it is important for organizations to recognize the vulnerabilities to which passwords are subjected, and develop strong policies governing the creation and use of passwords to ensure that those vulnerabilities are not exploited. In this work password strength prediction is modeled as classification task and supervised machine learning techniques were employed. Widely used supervised machine learning techniques namely C 4.5 decision tree classifier, multilayer perceptron, naive Bayes classifier and support vector machine were used for learning the model. The results of the models were compared and observed that SVM performs well. The results of the models were also compared with the existing password strength checking tools. The findings show that machine learning approach has substantial capability to classify the extreme cases - Strong and weak passwords.
AN INTERACTIVE TOOL FOR YARN STRENGTH PREDICTION USING SUPPORT VECTOR REGRESSION
(CPS and indexed in Thompson CSI, 2010) Selvanayaki M; Vijaya M S; Jamuna K S
Cotton, popularly known as White Gold has been an important commercial crop of National significance due to the immense influence of its rural economy. Transfer of technology to identify the quality of fibre is gaining importance. The physical characteristics of cotton such as fiber length, length distribution, trash value, color grade, strength, shape, tenacity, density, moisture absorption, dimensional stability, resistance, thermal reaction, count, etc., contributes to determine the quality of cotton and in turn yarn strength. In this paper yarn strength prediction has been modeled using regression. Support Vector regression, the supervised machine learning technique has been employed for predicting the yarn strength. The trained model was evaluated based on mean squared error and correlation coefficient and was found that the prediction accuracy of SVR based model, the intelligence reasoning method is higher compared with the traditional statistical regression, the least square regression model.
CLASSIFICATION OF SEED COTTON YIELD BASED ON THE GROWTH STAGES OF COTTON CROP USING MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES
(IEEE Xplore and IEEE CS Digital Library, 2010-06) Jamuna K S; Karpagavalli S; Vijaya M S; Revathi P; Gokilavani S; Madhiya E
Cotton, popularly known as "White Gold" has been an important commercial crop of national significance due to the immense influence of its rural economy. Cotton seed is an important and critical link in the chain of agricultural activities extending farmer industry linkage. Cotton yield is associated with high quality seed as the seed contains in itself the blue print for the agrarian prosperity in incipient form. Transfer of technology to identify the quality of seeds is gaining importance. Hence this work employs machine learning approach to classify the quality of seeds based on the different growth stages of the cotton crop. Machine learning techniques - Naïve Bayes Classifier, Decision Tree Classifier and Multilayer Perceptron were applied for training the model. Features are extracted from a set of 900 records of different categories to facilitate training and implementation. The performance of the model was evaluated using 10 -fold cross validation. The results obtained show that Decision Tree Classifier and Multilayer Perceptron provides the same accuracy in classifying the seed cotton yield. The time taken to build the model is higher in Multilayer Perceptron as compared to the Decision Tree Classifier.
AN EFFICIENT CANCER CLASSIFICATION USING EXPRESSIONS OF VERY FEW GENES USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE
(Sun College of Engineering and Technology, Nagercoil, 2011-03-24) Arunpriya C; Balasaravanan T; Antony Selvadoss Thanamani
Gene expression profiling by microarray technique has been effectively utilized for classification and diagnostic guessing of cancer nodules. Several machine learning and data mining techniques are presently applied for identifying cancer using gene expression data. Though, these techniques have not been proposed to deal with the particular needs of gene microarray examination. Initially, microarray data is featured by a high-dimensional feature space repeatedly surpassing the sample space dimensionality by a factor of 100 or higher. Additionally, microarray data contains a high degree of noise. The majority of the existing techniques do not sufficiently deal with the drawbacks like dimensionality and noise. Gene ranking method is later introduced to overcome those problems. Some of the widely used Gene ranking techniques are T-Score, ANOVA, etc. But those techniques will sometimes wrongly predict the rank when large database is used. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes a technique called Enrichment Score for ranking purpose. The classifier used in the proposed technique is Support Vector Machine (SVM). The experiment is performed on lymphoma data set and the result shows the better accuracy of classification when compared to the conventional method.
FACIAL ANIMATION TECHNIQUE
(PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, 2011-10-01) Arunpriya C; Antony Selvadoss Thanamani
An unsolved problem in computer graphics is the construction and animation of realistic human facial models. Traditionally, facial models have been built painstakingly by manual digitization and animated by ad hoc parametrically controlled facial mesh deformations or kinematics approximation of muscle actions. Fortunately, animators are now able to digitize facial geometries through the use of scanning range sensors and animate them through the dynamic simulation of facial tissues and muscles. However, these techniques require considerable user input to construct facial models of individuals suitable for animation polygonal modeling specifies exactly each 3d point, which connected to each other as polygons. This is an exacting way to get topology. Patches indirectly defines a smooth curve surface from a set of control points. A small amount of control points can define a complex surface. One type of spline is called NURBS, which stands for Non Uniform Rational B-Splines. This type of batch allows each control point to have its own weight that can affect the "pinch'" of the curve at the point. So they are considered the most versatile of batches. They work very well for organic smooth objects so hence they are well suited for facial modeling.
AN EFFICIENT LEAF RECOGNITION ALGORITHM FOR PLANT CLASSIFICATION USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE
(Periyar University, Salem., 2012-03-21) Arunpriya C; Balasaravanan T; Antony Selvadoss Thanamani
Recognition of plants has become an active area of research as most of the plant species are at the risk of extinction. This paper uses an efficient machine learning approach for the classification purpose. This proposed approach consists of three phases such as preprocessing, feature extraction and classification. The preprocessing phase involves a typical image processing steps such as transforming to gray scale and boundary enhancement. The feature extraction phase derives the common DMF from five fundamental features. The main contribution of this approach is the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification for efficient leaf recognition. 12 leaf features which are extracted and orthogonalized into 5 principal variables are given as input vector to the SVM. Classifier tested with flavia dataset and a real dataset and compared with k-NN approach, the proposed approach produces very high accuracy and takes very less execution time.
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM BEAT CLASSIFICATION USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE AND EXTREME LEARNING MACHINE
(Springer, 2014) Banu Priya C V; Karpagavalli S
The Electrocardiogram (ECG) is of significant importance in assessing patients with abnormal activity in their heart. ECG Recordings of the patient taken for analyzing the abnormality and classify what type of disorder present in the heart functionality. There are several classes of heart disorders including Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC), Atrial Premature beat (APB), Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB), Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB), Paced Beat (PB), and Atrial Escape Beat (AEB).To analyze ECG various feature extraction methods and classification algorithms are used. The proposed work employed discrete wavelet transform (DWT) in feature extraction on ECG signals obtained from MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. The Machine Learning Techniques, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) have been used to classify four types of heart beats that include PVC, LBBB, RBBB and Normal. The Performance of the classifiers are analyzed and observed that ELM-Radial Basis Function Kernel taken less time to build model and out performs SVM in predictive accuracy.
ANALYSIS OF TAMIL CHARACTER WRITINGS AND IDENTIFICATION OF WRITER USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE
(IEEE International Conference on Advanced Communication Control and Computing Technologies (ICACCCT), 2014 indexed in IEEE Xplore Digital Library, 2014) Thendral T; Vijaya M S; Karpagavalli S
Distinctive Handwriting is a thought provoking task in writer identification. The style and shape of the letters written by the same writer may vary and entirely different for different writers. Alphabets in the handwritten text may have loops, crossings, junctions, different directions and so on. Therefore exact prediction of individual based on his/her handwriting is highly complex and challenging task. This paper proposes a new model for learning the writer's identity constructed on Tamil handwriting. Handwritten documents written by the writers are scanned and segmented into words. Words are further segmented into characters for character level writer identification. The character writings in Tamil are analyzed and their describing features are defined. The Writer identification problem is formulated as classification task and a pattern classification technique namely Support Vector Machine has been employed to construct the model. It has been reported about 90. 6% of prediction accuracy by RBF kernel based classification model in character level writer identification.
MAMMOGRAM CLASSIFICATION USING EXTREME LEARNING MACHINE AND GENETIC PROGRAMMING
(IEEE Xplore, 2014-01-03) Menaka K; Karpagavalli S
Mammogram is an x-ray examination of breast. It is used to detect and diagnose breast disease in women who either have breast problems such as a lump, pain or nipple discharge as well as for women who have no breast complaints. Digitized mammographic image is analysed for masses, calcifications, or areas of abnormal density that may indicate the presence of cancer. Automated systems to analyse and classify the mammogram images as benign or malignant will drive the medical experts to take timely clinical decision. In this work, the mammogram classification task carried out using powerful supervised classification techniques namely Extreme Learning Machine with kernels like linear, polynomial, radial basis function and Genetic Programming. The various task involved in this work are image preprocessing, feature extraction, building models through training and testing the classifier. The two types of mammogram image, Benign and Malignant are considered in this work and 50 images for each type collected from Mini MIAS database. Selection of Region of Interest (ROI) from the original image and Adaptive Histogram Enhancement are applied on the mammogram image before extracting the intensity histogram and gray level co-occurrence matrix features. In the dataset, for training 80% of the data are used and for testing 20% of data are used. Models are built using Extreme Learning Machine and Genetic Programming. The performances of the models are tested with test dataset and the results are compared. The predictive accuracy and training time of the classifier Genetic Programming is substantially better than the classifier built using Extreme Learning Machine with kernels linear, polynomial and radial basis function.
SIGNAL COMPRESSION AND DECOMPRESSION USING POWER GATING TECHNIQUE
(Elsevier, a division of Reed Elsevier India Private Limited / South Travancore Hindu College, Nagercoil, Tamilnadu., 2014-08) Vasantha Kalyani David; S, Ponmalar
Artifi cial Intelligence is based on many things like Mathematical equations and artifi cial neurons. The main focus of this neural architecture is the implementation of a chip layout design and its trained using Power Gating (PG) Technique in an analog domain with a new technique of producing power to the CMOS board using VLSI application. The Analog components used are Gilbert Cell Multiplier (GCM), Neuron Activation Function (NAF) and Adders for the implementation. The Existing system consumes designing of Signal Compression and Decompression using Back Propagation (BP) Algorithm of Neural Network (NN).Back Propagation uses a digital computer to calculate weights when the fi nal network is a hardware and it loses its plasticity. Moreover the calculation is slow and training speed is slow. The Power consumption is high and overall delay is also high. Compression and Decompression done in lossy data not in lossless data. The Proposed system comprises of Power Gating Technique and this reduces power and thus overcomes the disadvantage of the existing system. Signal Compression and Decompression are designed using Power Gating Technique. Layout Design and is Verifi cation of the Power Gating Technique carried out Using Micro wind 2.6 (Back-End tool).The Technology used in the designing layout is 0.12 Micrometer Technology.
DIABETIC RETINAL EXUDATES DETECTION USING EXTREME LEARNING MACHINE
(CSI Annual Convention and International Conference on Emerging ICT for Bridging the Future and published in Springer Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing(AISC Series), 2015) Asha P R; Karpagavalli S
Diabetic Retinopathy is a disorder of the retina as a result of the impact of diabetes on the retinal blood vessels. It is the major cause of blindness in people like age groups between 20 & 60. Since polygenic disorder proceed, the eyesight of a patient may commence to deteriorate and causes blindness. In this proposed work, the existence or lack of retinal exudates are identified using Extreme Learning Machine(ELM). To discover the occurrence of exudates features like Mean, Standard deviation, Centroid and Edge Strength are taken out from Luv color space after segmenting the Retinal image. A total of 100 images were used, out of which 80 images were used for training and 20 images were used for testing. The classification task carried out with classifier extreme learning machine (ELM). An experimental result shows that the model built using Extreme Learning Machine outperforms other two models and effectively detects the presence of exudates in retina
TAMIL PHONEME CLASSIFICATION USING CONTEXTUAL FEATURES AND DISCRIMINATIVE MODELS
(International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP’15), Adhiparasakthi Engineering College, Melmaruvathur, indexed in IEEE Xplore Digital Library, 2015, 2015) Karpagavalli S; Chandra E
The speech recognition systems may be designed based on any one of the sub-word unit phoneme, tri-phone and syllable. The phonemes are a set of base-forms for representing the unique sounds in a particular language. In supervised phoneme classification, the segmentation of phoneme, features and class label are given and the goal is to classify the phoneme. Phoneme classification and recognition can be useful in applications such as spoken document retrieval, named entity extraction, out-of-vocabulary detection, language identification, and spoken term detection. In trained speech, each phoneme occurs clearly in speech waveform. In spontaneous speech, due to co-articulation effect, influence of adjacent phonemes is present in each phoneme where left and right context frame information plays vital role in accurate phoneme classification. In the proposed work, three discriminative classifiers like Multilayer Perceptron, Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machine are used to classify 25 phonemes of Tamil language. The approximate boundaries of phoneme identified using Spectral Transition Measure (STM). After segmentation, Mel Frequency Cepstral Co-Efficient (MFCC) of 9 frames including 4 left context frames, 1 centre frame corresponding to the phoneme and 4 right context frames are extracted and used as input to classifiers. Tamil word dataset prepared to cover 25 phonemes of the language. The performance of the classifiers are analysed and results are presented.
AUTOMATIC TAG RECOMMENDATION FOR JOURNAL ABSTRACTS USING STATISTICAL TOPIC MODELING
(Springer Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing(AISC Series), 2015) Anupriya P; Karpagavalli S
Topic modeling is a powerful technique for unsupervised analysis of large document collections. Topic models conceive latent topics in text using hidden random variables, and discover that structure with posterior inference. Topic models have a wide range of applications like tag recommendation, text categorization, keyword extraction and similarity search in the broad fields of text mining, information retrieval, statistical language modeling. In this work, a dataset with 200 abstracts fall under four topics are collected from two different domain journals for tagging journal abstracts. The document model is built using LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) with Collapsed Variational Bayes (CVB0) and Gibbs sampling. Then the built model is used to find appropriate tag for a given abstract. An interface is designed to extract and recommend the tag for a given abstract.
DIABETIC RETINAL EXUDATES DETECTION USING MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES
(International Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication Systems, held at Sri Eshwar College of Engineering, Coimbatore during 5-7 January 2015 and published in the conference proceedings, indexed in IEEE Xplore Digital Library., 2015-01-05) Asha P R; Karpagavalli S
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is an eye filled illness caused by the complication of polygenic disease and that is to be detected accurately for timely treatment. As polygenic disease progresses, the vision of a patient could begin to deteriorate and leads to blindness. In this proposed work, the presence or absence of retinal exudates are detected using machine learning (ML) techniques. To detect the presence of exudates features like Mean, Standard deviation, Centroid and Edge Strength are extracted from Luv color space after segmenting the Retinal image. A total of 100 images were used, out of which 80 images were used for training and 20 images were used for testing. The classification task carried out with classifiers like Naive bayes (NB), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). Experimental results shows that the model built using Extreme Learning Machine outperforms other two models and effectively detects the presence of exudates in retinal images.
LDA BASED TOPIC MODELING OF JOURNAL ABSTRACTS
(International Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication Systems, held at Sri Eshwar College of Engineering, Coimbatore during 5-7 January 2015 and published in the conference proceedings, indexed in IEEE Xplore Digital Library., 2015-01-05) Anupriya P; Karpagavalli S
Topic modeling is a powerful technique for unsupervised analysis of large document collections. Topic models conceive latent topics in text using hidden random variables, and discover that structure with posterior inference. Topic models have a wide range of applications like tag recommendation, text categorization, keyword extraction and similarity search in the broad fields of text mining, information retrieval, statistical language modeling. In this work, a dataset with 200 abstracts fall under four topics are collected from two different domain journals for tagging journal abstracts. The document models are built using LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) with Collapsed Variational Bayes and Gibbs sampling. Then the built model is used to extract appropriate tags for abstracts. The performance of the built models are analyzed by the evaluation measure perplexity and observed that Gibbs sampling outperforms CV B0 sampling. Tags extracted by two algorithms remains almost the same.
PHONEME AND WORD BASED MODEL FOR TAMIL SPEECH RECOGNITION USING GMM-HMM
(International Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication Systems, held at Sri Eshwar College of Engineering, Coimbatore during 5-7 January 2015 and published in the conference proceedings, indexed in IEEE Xplore Digital Library., 2015-01-05) Karpagavalli S; Chandra E
Speech is the standard means of communication among people. Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) applications facilitate the users to interact with machines through speech and perform their tasks effortlessly. Speech Recognition applications in native languages will enable illiterate and semi-illiterate people to use computer services without any/little knowledge to operate computers and to lead better life. In the proposed work, speaker independent isolated- phoneme and word recognition systems have been developed for the Indian regional language Tamil. The Hidden Markov Tool Kit (HTK) was used for developing speaker independent phoneme and word based Tamil speech recognition system. The work involves main tasks like Feature Extraction, Acoustic Model Building and Decoding. Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) is extracted from the speech utterances and Hidden Markov Model (HMM) used to build the acoustic model. In building acoustic model, Multivariate Gaussian Mixture Model with different number of components is used to estimate the state emission probabilities and finally Viterbi Decoder employed to recognize the test speech utterances. A small vocabulary of 50 words which are collected from 10 native speakers of Tamil language was used to build and test the model. The performance of both phoneme and word based models have been analyzed and the recognition accuracy and word error rate of the models are discussed.
CLASSIFICATION OF HEART RATE DATA USING BFO-KFCM CLUSTERING AND IMPROVED EXTREME LEARNING MACHINE CLASSIFIER
(Sri Sakthi Institute of Enginerring and Technology, 2016-01-07) R, Kavitha; T, Christopher
The Electrocardiogram is a tool used to access the electrical recording and muscular function of the heart and in last few decades it is extensively used in the investigation and diagnosis of heart related diseases. It must be noted that the heart rate fluctuates not only because of cardiac demand, however is also influenced as a result of the occurrence of cardiac disease and diabetes. In addition, it has been shown that Heart Rate Variability (HRV) may well be utilized as an early indicator of cardiac disease susceptibility and the existence of diabetes. As a result, the HRV can be exercised for early clinical test of these diseases. Most existing systems make use of Support Vector Machine (SVM), owing to the generalization performance, it is not sufficient for the accurate classification of heart rate data. In order to overcome this complication, Improved Extreme Learning Machine (IELM) classifier is used, to obtain the best parameter value and best feature subset through the use of Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) that feed the classifier. Here in this work, features of linear and nonlinear are extracted from the HRV signals. Following the preprocessing, feature extraction is done effectively together with feature selection with the assistance of BFO for the purpose of data reduction. Subsequently, proposed a scheme to integrate Kernel Fuzzy C-Means (KFCM) clustering and classifier to adequately enhance the accuracy result for ECG beat classification. The accuracy result for classification of heart rate data is shown in the proposed scheme.
MULTI-LABEL CLASSIFICATION- PROBLEM TRANSFORMATION METHODS IN TAMIL PHONEME CLASSIFICATION
(In Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Advances in Computing & Communications (ICACC August 2017), Kochi, Elsevier Procedia Computer Science., 2017) Pushpa M; Karpagavalli S
Most of the supervised learning task has been carried out using single label classification and solved as binary or multiclass classification problems. The hierarchical relationship among the classes leads to Multi- Label (ML) classification which is learning from a set of instances that are associated with a set of labels. In Tamil language, phonemes fall into different categories according to place and manner of articulation. This motivates the application of multi-label classification methods to classify Tamil phonemes. Experiments are carried out using Binary Relevance (BR) and Label Powerset (LP) and BR’s improvement Classifier Chains (CC) methods with different base classifiers and the results are analysed.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WEB BASED MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT TOOLS USING CERTAIN METABOLICALLY IMPORTANT PROTEIN CODING GENE SEQUENCES
(Dr.NGP Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, 2018-09-02) Boobashini S; Arunpriya C; Balasaravanan T
Multiple sequence alignment is an alignment of three or more biological sequences, generally protein, DNA, or RNA. The input set of query sequences are assumed to have an evolutionary relationship i.e., they are descended from a common ancestor. The resulting MSA, sequence homology can be inferred and phylogenetic analysis can be conducted to assess the sequences' shared evolutionary origins. In this paper, six different mammalian species gene sequence were compared with human gene sequences. Metabolically important genes such as Amylase, ATPase, Cytochrome-B, Haemoglobin, and Insulin where chosen for comparison. The DNA sequences of FASTA format was retrieved from NCBI databank and used as input sequences for Multiple sequence analysis using ClustalW, MUSCLE, and T-Coffee. Multiple sequence alignment score and phylogenetic trees where obtained from all the three tools and discussed with the snapshots and findings.
DEEP NEURAL NETWORK OPTIMIZATION FOR SKIN DISEASE CLASSIFICATION FORECAST ANALYSIS
(IEEE, 2022-03-26) Kalaivani A; Karpagavalli S
Skin lesions are a prevalent condition that causes misery, many of which can be severe, for millions of individuals worldwide. Consequently, Deep learning seems to be an increasingly popular approach in recent years, and it may be a strong tool in difficult, earlier domains, specifically in health science, which is now dealing with a number of medical resources. In this paper, presented an interactive dermoscopy images diagnosis framework based on an gathering of intelligent deep learning model system for image classification to make advances their person accuracies within the prepare of classifying dermoscopy pictures into several classes such as melanoma, keratosis and nevus when we have not sufficient annotated images to train them on. We integrate the classification layer results for two distinct deep neural network designs to obtain excellent classification accuracy. More precisely, we combining robust convolutional neural networks (CNNs) into a unified structure, with the final classification relying on the weighted outcome of the respective CNNs by predictive ensemble methods and fine-tuning classifiers utilizing ISIC2019 images. Furthermore, the outliers and the substantial class imbalance are handled in order to improve the categorization of the disease. The experimental reveal that the framework produced result that are comparable to other models of conventional art. A substantial improvement in accuracy of 96.2 percentage indicated the efficiency of the proposed Predictive Ensemble Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Classifier (PE-DCNN Classifier) model and this study effectively built a system with all the important features.