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Author: search.filters.author.Vennilamani, NEnd date: 2009

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    UTILIZATION OF VARIOUS AGRICULTURAL WASTES FOR ACTIVATED CARBON PREPARATION AND APPLICATION FOR THE REMOVAL OF DYES AND METAL IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
    (Elsevier, 2003-03) Kadirvelu, K; Kavipriya, M; Karthika, C; Radhika, M; Vennilamani, N; Pattabhi, S
    Activated carbons were prepared from the agricultural solid wastes, silk cotton hull, coconut tree sawdust, sago waste, maize cob and banana pith and used to eliminate heavy metals and dyes from aqueous solution. Adsorption of all dyes and metal ions required a very short time and gave quantitative removal. Experimental results show all carbons were effective for the removal of pollutants from water. Since all agricultural solid wastes used in this investigation are freely, abundantly and locally available, the resulting carbons are expected to be economically viable for wastewater treatment.
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    REMOVAL OF METHYLENE BLUE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY ADSORPTION ON TO ACTIVATED CARBON
    (Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 2004) Manickavasakam, K; Krishnan, S M; Sameena, Y; Vennilamani, N; Pattabhi, S
    The adsporption capacity of the activated carbon prepared from Gulmohar tree fruits was evaluated by the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by adsorption under different conditions, such as agitation time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, particle size and pH. Desorption study was carried out to elucidate the mechanism of adsorption. The time required to attain equilibrium was found to be 45 and 60 min for 20, 40 and 60, 80 mg/L dye concentration, respectively. The adsorption followed a pseudo first order rate equation and the experimental data follows Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The adsorption capacity was found to be 96.15 mg/g of Gulmohar tree fruit carbon (GTFC) at the pH of 6 ± 0.2 and at room temperature (30 ± 2 °C) for the particle size of 125-250 μm. The complete removal of the dye from 20 and 40 mg/L of aqueous solution was possible with 1.2 and 1.4 g of the activated carbon, respectively. The percent removal was increased with decrease in the particle size of the adsorbent. The influence of pH on dye removal was insignificant and the adsorbed dye could not recover in both acidic acid basic conditions.
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    MERCURY (II) ADSORPTION BY ACTIVATED CARBON MADE FROM SAGO WASTE
    (Elsevier, 2004) Kadirvelu, K; Kavipriya, M; Karthika, C; Vennilamani, N; Pattabhi, S
    The preparation of activated carbon (AC) from sago industry waste is a promising way to produce a useful adsorbent for Hg (II) removal, as well as dispose of sago industry waste. The AC was prepared using sago industry waste with H2SO4 and (NH4)2S2O8 and physico-chemical properties of AC were investigated. Adsorptive removal of mercury (II) from aqueous solution onto AC prepared from sago industry waste has been studied under varying conditions of agitation time, metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose, particle size and pH to assess the kinetic and equilibrium parameters. Adsorption equilibrium was obtained in 105 min for 20 mg l−1 and 120 min for 30, 40, and 50 mg l−1 Hg (II) concentrations. The Langmuir and Freundlich equilibrium isotherm models were found to provide an excellent fitting of the adsorption data, with r2 0.9999 and 0.9839, respectively. The adsorption capacity of Hg (II) (Qo) obtained from the Langmuir equilibrium isotherm model was found to be 55.6 mg g−1 at pH 5.0 for the particle size range of 125–250 μm. The percent removal increased with an increase in pH from 2 to 10. This adsorbent was found to be effective and economically attractive.
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    ACTIVATED CARBON FROM INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTE AS AN ADSORBENT FOR THE REMOVAL OF RHODAMINE-B FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION: KINETIC AND EQUILIBRIUM STUDIES
    (Elsevier, 2005-08) Kadirvelu, K; Karthika, C; Vennilamani, N; Pattabhi, S
    The activated carbon was prepared using industrial solid waste called sago waste and physico-chemical properties of carbon were carried out to explore adsorption process. The effectiveness of carbon prepared from sago waste in adsorbing Rhodamine-B from aqueous solution has been studied as a function of agitation time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, pH and desorption. Adsorption equilibrium studies were carried out in order to optimize the experimental conditions. The adsorption of Rhodamine-B onto carbon followed second order kinetic model. Adsorption data were modeled using both Langmuir and Freundlich classical adsorption isotherms. The adsorption capacity Q0 was 16.12 mg g−1 at initial pH 5.7 for the particle size 125–250 μm. The equilibrium time was found to be 150 min for 10, 20 mg l−1 and 210 min for 30, 40 mg l−1 dye concentrations, respectively. A maximum removal of 91% was obtained at natural pH 5.7 for an adsorbent dose of 100 mg/50 ml of 10 mg l−1 dye concentration and 100% removal was obtained when the pH was increased to 7 for an adsorbent dose of 275 mg/50 ml of 20 mg l−1 dye concentration. Desorption studies were carried out in water medium by varying the pH from 2 to 10. Desorption studies were performed with dilute HCl and show that ion exchange is predominant dye adsorption mechanism. This adsorbent was found to be both effective and economically viable.
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    UTILIZATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON PREPARED FROM INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTE FOR THE REMOVAL OF CHROMIUM(VI) IONS FROM SYNTHETIC SOLUTION AND INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT (PDF)
    (SAGE Publications, 2005-03) Vennilamani, N; Kadirvelu, K; Pattabhi, S
    Activated carbon (AC) prepared from sago waste was character-ized and used to remove chromium(VI) ions from aqueous solution andindustrial effluent by adsorption methods using various conditions of agitationtime, metal ion concentration, adsorbent dosage particle size and pH. Surfacemodification of the carbon adsorbent with a strong oxidizing agent like concen-trated H2SO4 generates more active adsorption sites on the solid surface andpores for metal ion adsorption.Adsorption of the metal ion required a very short time and led to quantitativeremoval. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models could describe theadsorption data. The calculated values of Q0and b were 5.78 mg/g and 1.75 1/min,respectively. An effective adsorption capacity was noted for particle sizes in therange 125–250 μm at room temperature (30 ±2°C) and an initial pH of 2.0 ±0.2.The specific surface area of the activated carbon was determined and itsproperties studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). These studies revealed that AC prepared fromsago waste is suitable for the removal of Cr(VI) ions from both synthetic andindustrial effluents.
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    UTILIZATION OF MODIFIED SILK COTTON HULL WASTE AS AN ADSORBENT FOR THE REMOVAL OF TEXTILE DYE (REACTIVE BLUE MR) FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION
    (Elsevier, 2007-04) Thangamani, K S; Sathishkumar, M; Sameena, Y; Vennilamani, N; Kadirvelu, K; Pattabhi, S; Yun, S E
    Carbon prepared from silk cotton hull was used to remove a textile dye (reactive blue MR) from aqueous solution by an adsorption technique under varying conditions of agitation time, dye concentration, adsorbent dose and pH. Adsorption depended on solution pH, dye concentration, carbon concentration and contact time. Equilibrium was attained with in 60 min. Adsorption followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption capacity was found to be 12.9 mg/g at an initial pH of 2 ± 0.2 for the particle size of 125–250 μm at room temperature (30 ± 2 °C).