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Author: search.filters.author.Natarajan, Arunadevi

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    INTRODUCTION TO SMART AND INTELLIGENT NANOMATERIALS FOR BIOSENSORS (Book Chapter)
    (Elsevier, 2024-1) Natarajan, Arunadevi; Singh, Kshitij RB; Rai, Harshita; Singh, Jay; Pandey, Shyam S; Singh, Ravindra Pratap; Malhotra, Bansi D
    The upgraded version of nanotechnology is the development of novel material with multiple functionalities by integrating the fields of physics, chemistry, material science, engineering, and biotechnology. The small-sized nanoparticles have outstanding characteristics like improved absorption, large surface area, quantum effects, and high reactivity. Its high targeting nature, unpredictable side effects, and drug delivery to the healthy tissues when exposed largely are the major drawbacks in the biomedical field compared with other areas. Smart and intelligent materials are developed to overcome all these challenges. It offers important prospects like flexibility, sensitivity, selectivity, easily portable, and user friendly, which provides fair and accurate detection of diseases. The integration of nanotechnology-based diagnostics devices with IoT will deliver positive impacts in the food, environment, medical, and agriculture sectors. This chapter provides an overview of classification, tuneable properties of the smart material by varying external stimuli, and recent applications in the biomedical area.
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    ADVANCES IN FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR BASED ELECTRONIC DEVICES INTEGRATED WITH CMOS TECHNOLOGY FOR BIOSENSING (Review)
    (Elsevier B.V., 2025) Rai, Harshita; Singh, Kshitij RB; Natarajan, Arunadevi; Pandey, Shyam S
    This review article embarks on an enlightening journey through the multifaceted realm of electronic devices and their applications in biosensing, emphasizing the role of Field effect transistor (FET) based biosensors and Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) processes in biosensing device development. It begins by elucidating the foundational principles of biosensing and underscoring the crucial contribution of transducers, establishing a robust understanding of the field. The article unravels the intricate interplay between electronic biosensors and CMOS processes, offering a concise yet insightful exploration of their operational intricacies, diverse practical applications, and recent advancements. Additionally, it spotlights the pivotal role of FET-based biosensors integrated with CMOS processes in miniaturizing biosensors and thus amplifying their real-world efficacy. Moreover, the role of modern technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), in recent biosensor development has been discussed. By addressing inherent challenges like sensitivity, integration, cost, and accessibility, the article underscores the vital role of biosensing technologies driven by electronic devices in wearable technology development. In addition, integrating these devices to fit with the ongoing trend of VLSI technology faces significant challenges. To overcome this aspect, sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) can be the best alternative, as they will avoid utilizing bioreceptors, as it simplifies integration by reducing complexity, enhancing stability, and improving compatibility with CMOS processes. Hence, this review's distinct contribution lies in its comprehensive approach, shedding light on how biosensing technologies, underpinned by electronic devices such as FETs and CMOS processes, offer solutions for realizing modern-day devices.
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    SELF-ASSEMBLED COMPLEXES: FROM MOLECULES TO BIODERIVED MATERIALS FOR SUSTAINABLE SENSING TECHNOLOGIE (Editorial)
    (Elsevier B.V., 2025-01-11) Singh, Ravindra Pratap; Pandey, Shyam S; Natarajan, Arunadevi; Singh, Jay
    This special issue is focused on the development and characterization of nanosized self-assembled molecules for various sensing applications. The scope of the issue was contented and received many research and review articles, proving that the process of synchronizing chemistry/biology/material science with novel technology will end up with substances of sensing importance. The quality of the published articles in this issue is revealed from their way of interpretation, illustrative diagrams, and scientific explanation. All the articles in this special issue will upsurge the understanding and knowledge about functional materials to budding researchers.
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    TARGETED ELIMINATION OF HEAVY METALS FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER: SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF NANO METAL OXIDES (Article)
    (Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2025-01) Swathika, Manoharan; Andal, Narasimhan Muthulakshmi; Dharani, Sivasubramaniam; Singh, Jay; Pandey Shyam, S; Singh Kshitij, RB; Natarajan, Arunadevi
    Unprocessed solutions containing hazardous heavy metals, even in trace amounts, exert a detrimental impact on human health and pose a threat to biodiversity, hydrosphere ecosystems, and communities. Liquid waste containing heavy metals has been found to pose a notable threat to the environment.In this study, nano NiO, MnO, and NiMnO3 were synthesized and characterized systematically. The nano metal oxides were used as an adsorbent for the elimination of heavy metals from industrial wastewater.In view of this, the efficacy of synthesized metal oxides as potential sorbents is investigated to chelate Pb (II) ions which are present as one of the major contaminants of industrial effluents. Three adsorption systems viz., Pb(II) – NiO, Pb(II) - MnO, and Pb(II) – NiMnO3 mixture were experimentally verified by Batch equilibration and fixed bed column methods. Pre and post-run sorbent materials are characterized using SEM and EDAX analyses to examine the appropriate changes. A trial fixed bed column was run for the effluent sample, wherein 98% Pb (II) removal was registered against 96 % as observed in Batch mode. This emphasizes the potential of the synthesized metal oxides as efficient sorbents for addressing heavy metal contamination in industrial wastewater.
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    SYNTHESIS AND ADVANCES OF SMART HETEROATOM-SITED COATINGS FOR ANTICORROSION APPLICATIONS (Article)
    (Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2025-01) Swathika, M; Chandran, Sharmila; Singh Kshitij, RB; Singh, Ravindra Pratap; Pandey Shyam, S; Natarajan, Arunadevi
    Recently, there has been a significant interest in nanocomposites with porous structure, excellent thermal stability, and stiffness. The corrosion resistance behavior of epoxy resin-based Ni and Co metal oxides nanocomposite is reported here. The anti-corrosion abilities of mild steel substrates were investigated in different media like bore water, soil, and bacteria. Over 120 days, the inhibitory efficiency of the target compound was tested.The corrosion process was studied under a UV chamber at different wavelengths at 254 nm, 365 nm, and at visible region respectively. The bacterial study was carried out against the gram (+) and gram (-) on the mild steel specimen against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Morphological studies show the effective nanocomposite encapsulation in epoxy resin. The powder XRD method divulges the structure, and the dispersity of the epoxy layer as projected by scanning electron microscopy. Anti-corrosion properties were determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization methods.The results display nano CoO has improved anti-corrosion characteristics compared to nano NiO. The metal nano coating effectively protects mild steel due to barrier properties towards ions responsible for rusting, demonstrating its appropriateness as a next-generation anti-corrosive coating for a sustainable environment.
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    PROBING HEAVY METALS IN TROPOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER – AN APPROACH TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY
    (Elsevier B.V, 2024-10-15) Inobeme, Abel; Natarajan, Arunadevi; Pradhan, Safalmani; Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun; Devolli, Ariola; Chauhan, Chetan; Mathew, John Tsado; Inobeme, Jonathan; Pal, Kaushik; Singh, Kshitij RB; Pandey, S Shyam
    Various organic and inorganic contaminants are increasingly found in the atmosphere due to several anthropogenic sources of alarming concern. Amongst the various classes of pollutants, heavy metals (HMs) have drawn global attention due to their bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential in cellular and sub-cellular structures of living organisms. In comparison to other media of dispersion of HMs, the mechanism involved in particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere makes it easier for the transport of HMs over long distances at a global and regional scale due to the non-confinement of air masses. The transport of HMs through atmospheric PM requires close assessment and monitoring. At present, there is limited literature focusing on heavy metals in aerosols and dust. Most of the available studies have emphasized heavy metals in soil and water. The current review comprehensively highlights the various aspects of HMs including the sources, recent trends, and investigation models explored for the assessment and monitoring of HMs in PM and atmospheric aerosols, which will further help in achieving sustainable environmental monitoring aspects more precisely.
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    GREEN NANOBIOPOLYMERS FOR ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS: A STEP TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT (Review)
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023-04-20) Chincholikar, Preeti; Singh, Kshitij RB; Natarajan, Arunadevi; Kerry, Rout George; Singh, Jay; Malviya, Jitendra; Singh, Ravindra Pratap
    To minimize the usage of non-renewable resources and to maintain a sustainable environment, the exploitation of green nanobiopolymers should be enhanced. Biopolymers are generally developed from various microorganisms and plants in the specified condition. This review article discusses the current advances and trends of biopolymers, particularly in the arena of nanotechnology. In addition, discussion on various synthesis steps and structural characterization of green polymer materials like cellulose, chitin, and lignin is also encompassed. This article aims to coordinate the most recent outputs and possible future utilization of nanobiopolymers to the ecosystem with negligible effects by promoting the utilities of polymeric materials like polycaprolactones, starch, and nanocellulose. Additionally, strategic modification of cellulose into nanocellulose via rearrangement of the polymeric compound to serve various industrial and medical purposes has also been highlighted in the review. Specifically, the process of nanoencapsulation and its advancements in terms of nutritional aspects was also presented. The potential utility of green nanobiopolymers is one of the best cost-effective alternatives concerning circular economy and thereby helps to maintain sustainability.
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    ROLE OF SI AND SIO2 IN OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICE FABRICATION
    (Elsevier B.V, 2024) Harshita, Rai; Kshitij RB, Singh; Shyam S, Pandey; Natarajan, Arunadevi
    Silicon and its oxide deliver a dextrous way for engineering the successors of optoelectronic/photonic devices, by integrating fabrication techniques with heterostructured material possessing tuneable properties. Besides comprehensive knowledge, a collection of functional materials with device fabrication should be amplified. In general, silicon-based allied compounds can co-form with other materials like polymers, nanometal oxides, and organic/inorganic hybrid materials to deliver multiple electronic characteristics. A noteworthy and excellent performance of Si and its oxide secures a prominent position in the realm of the optoelectronics field. This study deliberates an exhaustive overview of advances in fabrication strategies, characteristics, Si/SiO2-based optoelectronic devices, and new materials used in this field. Additionally, this investigation spotlights the potential of Si/SiO2 in accentuating diverse applications like light-emitting diodes, solar cells, photodiodes, and phototransistors. In brief, this article will expose novel pathways of research and peregrination in this mushrooming field.
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    SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CO3O4, CUO AND NIO AND NANOPARTICLES: EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL, VIBRATIONAL, MORPHOLOGY AND THERMAL PROPERTIES
    (Elsevier, 2024-04) Varunamugi, R; Metha K, Mathu; Paul C, Arun; Sathyaseelan, T; Sathiyaraj, S; Prakash, T; Poonguzhali R, Vandamar; Kumar E, Ranjith; Natarajan, Arunadevi
    Green synthesis of CuO, NiO, and Co3O4 nanoparticles used biowaste (Gomutra). The physicochemical properties of metal oxide nanoparticles have been studied using various methods. Green synthesised metal oxide nanoparticle crystal properties were calculated using X-ray diffraction. It shows that all metal oxide crystallite sizes are nanoscale (27–31 nm). XRD spectra of CuO nanoparticles confirm their monoclinic structure, which matches JCPDS data. FTIR spectra reveal the existence of functional groups and associated vibrational modes in NiO and Co3O4 nanoparticles, confirming a cubic crystal structure with lattice parameters of 4.175 Å and 8.054 The surface appearance and particle size of three metal oxide nanoparticles were examined by SEM and TEM. XRD matches the average particle sizes of three metal oxide nanoparticles, which are 33–40 nm. Thermal stability of synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles was measured from 0 to 1000 °C using TG-DTA. It shows that the nanoparticles are stable and suited for various applications. Their unique properties make these metal oxide nanoparticles excellent for gas detection, antibacterial activity, photocatalysis, and biosensing.
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    MXENES-BASED BIOSENSORS
    (Wiley, 2024-01-01) Thapa, Sushma; Singh Kshitij, R B; Natarajan, Arunadevi; Kerry, Rout George; Singh, Jay; Pandey Shyam, S; Singh, Ravindra Pratap
    MXenes are recently developed two-dimensional (2D) inorganic compounds with few atomic layers that have exceptional properties, for instance, thermal, magnetic, optical, electronic, and mechanical. Owing to their excellent properties, chemical composition, and layered structure, MXene is one of the prime materials for the advancement of biosensors, among other latest nanomaterials. Fabricating advanced biosensors with high selectivity and sensitivity is one of the most required concerns in biosensors. Numerous nanomaterials, including MXenes, have been introduced to fabricate biosensors for obtaining high selectivity and sensitivity. Therefore, in this book chapter, advanced biosensors were discussed based on 2D MXene for biomedical, agricultural, and environmental remediation applications