Department of Food Processing Technology and Management
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Item TOWARDS MIMICKING THE FETAL LIVER NICHE: THE INFLUENCE OF ELASTICITY AND OXYGEN TENSION ON HEMATOPOIETIC STEM/PROGENITOR CELLS CULTURED IN 3D FIBRIN HYDROGELS(MDPI, 2020-09-02) Christian, Garcia-Abrego; Samantha, Zaunz; Burak, Toprakhisar; Ramesh, Subramani; Olivier, Deschaume; Stijn, Jooken; Manmohan, Bajaj; Herman, Ramon; Catherine, Verfaillie; Carmen, Bartic; Jennifer, PattersonHematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are responsible for the generation of blood cells throughout life. It is believed that, in addition to soluble cytokines and niche cells, biophysical cues like elasticity and oxygen tension are responsible for the orchestration of stem cell fate. Although several studies have examined the effects of bone marrow (BM) niche elasticity on HSPC behavior, no study has yet investigated the effects of the elasticity of other niche sites like the fetal liver (FL), where HSPCs expand more extensively. In this study, we evaluated the effect of matrix stiffness values similar to those of the FL on BM-derived HSPC expansion. We first characterized the elastic modulus of murine FL tissue at embryonic day E14.5. Fibrin hydrogels with similar stiffness values as the FL (soft hydrogels) were compared with stiffer fibrin hydrogels (hard hydrogels) and with suspension culture. We evaluated the expansion of total nucleated cells (TNCs), Lin−/cKit+cells, HSPCs (Lin−/Sca+/cKit+ (LSK) cells), and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs: LSK- Signaling Lymphocyte Activated Molecule (LSK-SLAM) cells) when cultured in 5% O2 (hypoxia) or in normoxia. After 10 days, there was a significant expansion of TNCs and LSK cells in all culture conditions at both levels of oxygen tension. LSK cells expanded more in suspension culture than in both fibrin hydrogels, whereas TNCs expanded more in suspension culture and in soft hydrogels than in hard hydrogels, particularly in normoxia. The number of LSK-SLAM cells was maintained in suspension culture and in the soft hydrogels but not in the hard hydrogels. Our results indicate that both suspension culture and fibrin hydrogels allow for the expansion of HSPCs and more differentiated progeny whereas stiff environments may compromise LSK-SLAM cell expansion. This suggests that further research using softer hydrogels with stiffness values closer to the FL niche is warranted.Item ASSESSING POLLUTANT SORPTION EFFICIENCY OF MODIFIED AND UNMODIFIED BIOCHAR WITH BACILLUS CEREUS ON CONTAMINATED LAKE WATER: IMPLICATIONS FOR ORYZA SATIVA SEEDLING AND ARTEMIA FRANCISCANA LARVAE VIABILITY(Springer Link, 2023-10-02) Mathiyazhagan, Narayanan; Ramesh, Subramani; Sabariswaran, KandasamyThis study evaluated the efficacy of biochar in removing pollutants from a polluted lake. Biochar, both with and without Bacillus cereus, was assessed for its sorption potential. The treated water samples were analyzed for toxicity using Oryza sativa and Artemia franciscana larvae. The lake water exceeded permissible limits for pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and various metals. The 10-day biosorption study with different treatment groups (MB, UMB, MBB, UMBB, and BC) revealed that the MBB group exhibited remarkable pollutant sorption potential. It achieved pollutant removal percentages of 33.35% for Cd, 15.73% for As, 26.21% for Cr, 32.72% for Pb, 32.81% for Zn, 23.58% for Cu, 5.44% for Cl, 22.01% for Ni, 28.2% for Hg, and 4.19% for SO42−. MBB-treated lake water showed no toxicity, confirming pollutant removal by metal-tolerant Bacillus cereus in modified biochar.Item 3D NANOMANIPULATION: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS OF FUNCTIONAL NANOSTRUCTURED BIO-MATERIALS(IOP Science, 2020) Lega P V; Orlov A P; Frolov A V; Subramani R; Irzhak A V; Koledov V V; Smolovich A M; Shelyakov A VRecent progress in the development of the new functional materials opens up exciting possibilities for designing reconfigurable micro- and nano-structures and for operating mechanical nanotools which are controlled by external fields or heat. The nanotools such as nanotweezers with an active layer thickness of about several tenths of nm, and whose overall size is of the order of 1 µm can be applied to different micro- and nanoobjects. The present report gives an overview of the application of mechanical nanotools in 3D nanomanipulation of bio-nano objects such as micro biofibers DNA etc. The future prospects of mechanical bottom up nanomanipulation for biomedical technology, food technology are discussed.Item THE INFLUENCE OF SWELLING ON ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF POLYACRYLAMIDE HYDROGELS(Frontiers in Materials, 2020-07-23) Ramesh, Subramani; Alicia, Izquierdo-Alvarez; Pinaki, Bhattacharya; Mathieu, Meerts; Paula, Moldenaers; Herman, Ramon; Hans, Van OosterwyckPolyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogels are commonly used as substrates for cell mechanical and mechanobiological studies because of their tunable stiffness and ease of handling. The dependence of bulk rheological and local elastic properties (assessed by Atomic Force Microscopy, or AFM) of PAM hydrogels on its composition and polymerization temperature has been extensively studied. PAM hydrogels swell when immersed in media, but the influence of swelling on local elastic properties is poorly characterized. Direct measurements of the effect of swelling on PAM elastic properties are scarce. We report here, for the first time, the direct measurements of volumetric swelling and local elastic properties of PAM gels throughout the post-polymerization swelling process until equilibrium. First, local and global elastic properties (measured by rheology), were obtained during polymerization in the absence of swelling, and showed good agreement with each other. Four PAM hydrogel compositions were characterized thus, with corresponding storage shear moduli (as measured immediately after polymerization) of 4,530 Pa (termed stiffest), 2,900 Pa (stiff), 538 Pa (soft), and 260 Pa (softest). Next, all compositions were subjected to swelling in phosphate buffered saline. Swelling ratios and local elastic moduli were measured at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h post-polymerization for the soft and softest compositions, and once daily till 6 days post-polymerization for all four compositions. For the stiffest and stiff gels, swelling ratio, and local elastic modulus changed negligibly with time, while for the soft and softest gels, substantial changes between Day 0 and Day 1 were found for both swelling ratio (increased by 21.6 and 133%, respectively), and local elastic modulus decreased (by 33.7 and 33.3%, respectively), substantially. Experimental data were analyzed by a model that combined ideal elastomer mechanics and poroelastic swelling kinetics model. Model predictions confirmed the validity of present measurements with respect to past studies where swelling and elastic properties were not measured simultaneously. The present study underlines the important effect swelling can have on PAM elastic properties and provides detailed quantitative data to guide the duration taken to reach equilibrium—a useful information for cell mechanics experiments. In addition, the simultaneous measurements of swelling and local elastic moduli provide novel data for the validation of theoretical models.Item THERMOELASTIC MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATION AND SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT IN NANOPLATES BASED ON TI–NI ALLOYS: EXPERIMENT, MODELING BY DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY AND MOLECULAR DYNAMICS(SpringerLink, 2022-03-01) Lega P.V; Kartsev A.I; Shuhui Lv; Subramani R; Koledov V.VNanoplates based on Ti–Ni alloys, exhibiting a thermoelastic martensitic transition at the critical temperature Tc, are investigated experimentally by transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that the Tc(h) dependence strongly decreases. There is a critical thickness hc at which the transition is completely suppressed. As a result of the combined ab initio simulation by the methods of density functional theory and molecular dynamics, it is demonstrated that austenite is more stable than martensite in nanoscale plates. The phase transition is completely suppressed in a 10-nm-thick plate, which is in good agreement with the experimental value of hc. In a transmission electron microscope during heating and cooling, the reversible shape memory effect in composite amorphous-crystalline Ti2NiCu samples is for the first time demonstrated while simultaneously observing the evolution of the structure of martensitic twins and the shape. The studies are carried out on ultrathin wedge-shaped samples with a thickness of 200 to 30 nm, made in the form of a composite bimetallic nanoactuator.Item PREPARATION AND CHEMICAL PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF INDIVIDUAL NANOSCALED FIBRILS(Bentham Science Publishers, 2022-04-26) Praveetha, Senthilkumar; Sharmila, Chandran; Alexey, Kartsev; Vladimir, Shavrov; Petr, Lega; Ramesh, SubramaniPolymer-based nanofibril finds its application in various fields including tissue engineering, environmental monitoring, food packaging, and micro/nanoelectromechanical systems. These nanofibrils are subjected to chemical treatment and constant stress, which may cause permanent deformation to the fibrils when it is used. Therefore, the synthesis of well-defined nanofibrils and characterization techniques are key elements in identifying desired chemical and physical properties for suitable applications. Many methods have been developed to prepare individual nanofibrils, including electrospinning, phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly. Among all, self-assembly offers simple, efficient, and lowcost strategies that produce high-ordered nanofibrils using noncovalent interactions including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, π-π interactions, and hydrophobic interactions. The first part of the review provides detailed molecular interactions and simulations that can be controlled to achieve the formation of well-defined individual nanofibrils. The second part of the review describes the various existing tools to characterize the chemical and physical properties of single nanofibrils including atomic force microscopy. In the final part of the review, recently developed novel nanotools that measure the mechanical properties of nanofibrils are described. By bridging the gap between molecular interactions and resulting nanoscale fibirls, physical and chemical properties may lead to the construction of novel nanomaterials in the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology.Item INSILICO AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTY ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS FROM PRUNUS AVIUM AGAINST DIABETICS(Informatics Publishing Limited & Natural Remedies Pvt.Ltd, 2022-01-01) Veerapandi L; Nivetha T; Sinthiya R; Karunyah Amirthadharshini N; Bumaasri K; Aishwarya RDiabetes is a common metabolic disorder, which effects people across all cultures globally. Lifelong distress is the cause of this disease which has no cure as of now. Various medications available in the market are too expensive and not easily affordable by all. Rural people rely on plant based Ayurvedic medications to heal diabetes as these contain anti-diabetic compounds. These phytoconstituents/anthocyanin derivatives work with several mechanisms that involve phytoconstituent interactions and target molecules in diabetic metabolism. Molecular docking analysis aids in finding out the interaction between receptors and ligands to identify the finest interaction which suits the target. In this case, the study proposed examining the bonding interactions of anti-diabetic compounds/anthocyanin derivatives derived from medicinal plants (Pelargonidin, Cyanidin, Delphinidin, Peonidin, Petunidin, Quercetin and pancreatic alpha-amylase (4X9Y)) with the help of the computational tool. ADME/T test helps decide different pharmacological and physicochemical analysis of lead atoms, degree of adsorption inside the cell, digestion rate, solvency, blood cerebrum boundary penetrability, cancer-causing nature and so on, which are the significant essentials prior to advertising a medication. Peonidin and Quercetin was proposing the best interactions. Nonetheless, to discover a better cure for diabetes, further in-vitro/ in vivo studies have to be carried out.Item QUALITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF EIGHT TURMERIC (CURCUMA LONGA L) CULTIVARS GROWN IN VARIOUS GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATIONS OF INDIA WITH SIX EXTRACTS – A COMPARATIVE STUDY(ScienceDirect, 2022) Salma S; Aariba S; Velvizhi M; Yasmin N; Sudha U.V; Anitha M.C; Naveena Reddy SBeing integral part of Indian cuisine, spices and condiments are reservoir of medicinal and phytochemical properties. The main objective of the study was to qualitatively analyse the phytochemical constituents of eight different cultivars of Indian turmeric with six different extracts. Different turmeric cultivars showed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins and aminoacids, phenolic compounds and tannins. Alkaloids, flavonoids, gums and mucilages, phytosterols were absent in most of the turmeric cultivars. This study concludes that aqueous extracts of different turmeric cultivars have highest phytonutrients in all forms and are recommended as the most preferred option in health and disease for further analyses.Item RESVERATROL-LOADED Β-LACTOGLOBULIN NANOFIBRILS TO PREVENT ENZYMATIC BROWNING ON SLICED APPLE(Applied Food Biotechnology, 2022) Praveetha, Senthilkumar; Vladimir, Shavrov; Petr, Lega; Ramesh, Subramani: Resveratrol is a polyphenol with nutraceutical health benefits used as anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory with cardio protective effects. However, resveratrol lacks solubility and bioavailability and is affected by UV light, which decrease its use in food industries. It is possible to overcome these problems by loading resveratrol with appropriate biomaterials. Beta-lactoglobulin is known to form well-defined nanofibrils with various uses. The objective of this study was to use β-lg nanoscaled fibrils to increase bioavailability of resveratrol as well as preserving freshness and preventing enzymatic browning of sliced applesItem SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL LUMINESCENT CYCLOMETALLATED PLATINUM (IV) COMPLEXES WITH A QUINOLINE SCHIFF BASES LIGAND AND THEIR PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES(Taylor and Francis Group, 2023) Sathya Priyadarshini G; Ramesh, Subramani; Elakkiya S; Selvi, GopalThe synthesis, characterization, electro and photophysical properties of eight cyclometallated platinum (IV) complexes 6a–6d and 7a–7d derived from quinoline Schiff base ligands are reported. Spectral studies revealed that nonparticipation of nitrogen atom and participation of carbon atom of the quinoline ring in the bond formation through [NN′C] mode of coordination for complex 6, whereas [N S O] mode of coordination with octahedral geometry for complex 7. The absorption and emission spectra studied in acetonitrile medium at room temperature showed that the ligand charge transitions within the quinoline Schiff base ligands with Metal Ligand Charge Transfer (MLCT) character. The broad band appeared in the range of 460–502 nm is attributed to the higher emission intensities of cyclometallated platinum (IV) compounds. The HOMO, LUMO and energy gap of the synthesized complexes was found to be − 2.60 eV, −4.75 eV and 2.15 eV through Density Functional Theory (DFT).