Department of Food Processing Technology and Management

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3D NANOMANIPULATION: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS OF FUNCTIONAL NANOSTRUCTURED BIO-MATERIALS
(IOP Science, 2020) Lega P V; Orlov A P; Frolov A V; Subramani R; Irzhak A V; Koledov V V; Smolovich A M; Shelyakov A V
Recent progress in the development of the new functional materials opens up exciting possibilities for designing reconfigurable micro- and nano-structures and for operating mechanical nanotools which are controlled by external fields or heat. The nanotools such as nanotweezers with an active layer thickness of about several tenths of nm, and whose overall size is of the order of 1 µm can be applied to different micro- and nanoobjects. The present report gives an overview of the application of mechanical nanotools in 3D nanomanipulation of bio-nano objects such as micro biofibers DNA etc. The future prospects of mechanical bottom up nanomanipulation for biomedical technology, food technology are discussed.
ASSESSING POLLUTANT SORPTION EFFICIENCY OF MODIFIED AND UNMODIFIED BIOCHAR WITH BACILLUS CEREUS ON CONTAMINATED LAKE WATER: IMPLICATIONS FOR ORYZA SATIVA SEEDLING AND ARTEMIA FRANCISCANA LARVAE VIABILITY
(Springer Link, 2023-10-02) Mathiyazhagan, Narayanan; Ramesh, Subramani; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy
This study evaluated the efficacy of biochar in removing pollutants from a polluted lake. Biochar, both with and without Bacillus cereus, was assessed for its sorption potential. The treated water samples were analyzed for toxicity using Oryza sativa and Artemia franciscana larvae. The lake water exceeded permissible limits for pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and various metals. The 10-day biosorption study with different treatment groups (MB, UMB, MBB, UMBB, and BC) revealed that the MBB group exhibited remarkable pollutant sorption potential. It achieved pollutant removal percentages of 33.35% for Cd, 15.73% for As, 26.21% for Cr, 32.72% for Pb, 32.81% for Zn, 23.58% for Cu, 5.44% for Cl, 22.01% for Ni, 28.2% for Hg, and 4.19% for SO42−. MBB-treated lake water showed no toxicity, confirming pollutant removal by metal-tolerant Bacillus cereus in modified biochar.
BUILDING LAYER-BY-LAYER 3D SUPRAMOLECULAR NANOSTRUCTURES AT THE TEREPHTHALIC ACID/STEARIC ACID INTERFACE
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2011-07-14) Yinli, Li; Lei, Liu; Ramesh, Subramani; Yunxiang, Pan; Bo, Liu; Yanlian, Yang; Chen, Wang; Wael, Mamdouh; Flemming, Besenbacher; Mingdong, Dong
By using the layer-by-layer deposition method, we build three dimensional (3D) supramolecular nanostructures by stacking small molecular species on top of the first buffer layer, which can be utilized to fabricate novel 3D supramolecular functional nanostructures.
ENCAPSULATION OF INULIN LOADED OVALBUMIN NANOFIBRILS IN TONED MILK TO ENHANCE THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE
(2022) Praveetha, Senthilkumar; Praveetha, Senthilkumar; Arunadevi, Natarajan; Vladimir, Shavrov; Petr, Lega
Self-assembled nanofibrils encapsulation was performed in the application of nutritional enhancement of toned milk. Inulin loaded nanofibrils (self-assembled ovalbumin nanofibrils) were used for the encapsulation of toned milk. The physico-chemical parameters and nutritional value of inulin loaded ovalbumin nanofibrils were determined. The physic-chemical analysis of toned milk, such as pH, titrable acidity, anti-oxidant activity, encapsulation efficiency, and in-vitro release, were calculated. The results show that sensory characteristics were not affected by encapsulation of nanofibrils on toned milk. The nutritional values of inulin loaded ovalbumin nanofibrils in toned milk was performed using conventional oven drain method (moisture), ignition method (ash), gerber method (protein), kjeldahl method (fat), pearson's composition analysis (carbohydrates), titration method (lactose), and HPLC method (Vitamin D). The result shows that the protein content is raised and also increased with other nutritional values
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF FATTY ACID COMPONENTS IN ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF TWO VARIETIES OF PUMPKIN SEEDS
(2020-06-06) Santhiya R; Sridevi J
The two varieties of pumpkin seeds such as orange pumpkin seed (OPS) and white pumpkin seed (WPS) were analyzed with their ethanol extracts for the estimation of fatty acid components through GC-MS analysis. 37 compounds were analyzed in total in both OPS and WPS where about 19 compounds were pinpointed to be present in OPS, 25 compounds in WPS and about 8 compounds to be present common in both OPS and WPS. The peak area % concentration obtained from analysis were compared with the known peak area % concentrations of WILEY8.LIB and the results were interpreted. Some of the compounds determined to be present in higher concentration in OPS include were Propane 1,1,3-triethoxy- (6.58 %), Hexadecanoic acid, 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2 ethanediyl ester (9.38 %), 9,12-Octadecadienoyl chloride, (Z,Z)- propanetriyl ester, (E,E,E)- (17.59 %), 9-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester – (19.19 %), Squalene (21.33 %) and those identified in WPS include Beta.-Sitosterol (5.10%), 9-Octadecenoic acid,1,2,3-propanetriyl ester (E,E,E) (5.65%), Chondrillasterol (7.30%), Propane, 1, 1, 3- triethoxy- (7.50%), Bicyclo[10.1.0]tridec-1-ene (40.55%). Among them biological activities of some of the important compounds are suggested. This study thus offers the base for using OPS and WPS as an herbal supplement.
GREEN SYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES: TOXICITY AGAINST POECILIA RETICULATA FISHES AND CERIODAPHNIA CORNUTA CRUSTACEANS
(Springer Link, 2016-11-30) Ramachandran, Ishwarya; Baskaralingam, Vaseeharan; Sathappan, Shanthi; Subramani, Ramesh; Pitchaimani, Manogari,; Kannan, Dhanalakshmi; Sekar, Vijayakumar; Giovanni, Benelli
Recently, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles gained increasing attention due to interesting properties for optical, antimicrobial and pest control applications. However, their toxicity against micro-crustaceans and fishes has been scarcely explored, while most of the research efforts focused on mosquito control with the green-synthesized nanocomposites. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of AgNO3, Cissus quadrangularis (Cq)-synthesized AgNPs and Cq extract in two different study models, the larvae of Poecilia reticulata fishes and adults of the micro-crustacean Ceriodaphnia cornuta. In both species, AgNO3 and Cq-AgNPs showed high mortality rates even if tested at very low doses. Molecular analysis revealed high DNA damages induced by Cq-AgNPs on both aquatic organisms. Furthermore, light microscopy studies evidenced lesions in the gills and vacuolization in the gills and in the abdomen of P. reticulata larvae. Overall, our research pointed out that the exposure of aquatic organisms to AgNO3 or green-fabricated AgNPs can damage fishes and crustaceans, posing noteworthy risks to the aquatic ecosystems.
GUM ACACIA/PECTIN/PULLULAN-BASED EDIBLE FILM FOR FOOD PACKAGING APPLICATION TO IMPROVE THE SHELF-LIFE OF IVY GOURD
(INSTITUTE OF FOOD SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY, 2022-06-15) Siva, Nandhini Suresh; Charumathi, Puspharaj; Arunadevi, Natarajan; Ramesh, Subramani
Ternary blend of gum acacia/pectin/pullulan (GPPL) polysaccharide composite film was prepared using solution casting technique with the addition of different ratios of glycerol and sorbitol to increase plasticiser—polysaccharide interactions. The results showed that the film thickness, water contact angle, moisture content, solubility, tensile strength, elongation and anti-microbial properties were in good agreement with already reported films in the literature. Composite film solution was used as a coating solution to improve the shelf-life of ivy gourd (Coccinia indica). Weight loss, titrable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), anti-oxidant, total phenolic content (TPC) and storage time were measured to check the efficiency of the coating solution. The obtained data shows a 35% increase in the shelf-life of the ivy gourd during the storage period of 23 days. The anti-microbial test showed that the prepared film/coating is more resistant against Pseudomonas aeruginosa due to the presence of pullulan. Therefore, our coating shows a significant increase in shelf-life of ivy gourd up to 23 days of storage time. Thus, the prepared polysaccharide composite films in this study may be suitable for food packaging applications whereas the composite film solution can be used to improve the shelf-life of various food products in the food industry.
IMMERSED BOUNDARY MODELS FOR QUANTIFYING FLOW-INDUCED MECHANICAL STIMULI ON STEM CELLS SEEDED ON 3D SCAFFOLDS IN PERFUSION BIOREACTORS
(PLOS Computational Biology, 2016-09-22) Yann, Guyot; Bart, Smeets; Tim, Odenthal; Ramesh, Subramani; Frank P, Luyten; Herman, Ramon; Ioannis, Papantoniou; Liesbet, Geris
Perfusion bioreactors regulate flow conditions in order to provide cells with oxygen, nutrients and flow-associated mechanical stimuli. Locally, these flow conditions can vary depending on the scaffold geometry, cellular confluency and amount of extra cellular matrix deposition. In this study, a novel application of the immersed boundary method was introduced in order to represent a detailed deformable cell attached to a 3D scaffold inside a perfusion bioreactor and exposed to microscopic flow. The immersed boundary model permits the prediction of mechanical effects of the local flow conditions on the cell. Incorporating stiffness values measured with atomic force microscopy and micro-flow boundary conditions obtained from computational fluid dynamics simulations on the entire scaffold, we compared cell deformation, cortical tension, normal and shear pressure between different cell shapes and locations. We observed a large effect of the precise cell location on the local shear stress and we predicted flow-induced cortical tensions in the order of 5 pN/μm, at the lower end of the range reported in literature. The proposed method provides an interesting tool to study perfusion bioreactors processes down to the level of the individual cell’s micro-environment, which can further aid in the achievement of robust bioprocess control for regenerative medicine applications.
IMMERSED BOUNDARY MODELSFOR QUANTIFYING FLOW-INDUCED MECHANICAL STIMULI ON STEM CELLS SEEDED ON 3D SCAFFOLDS IN PERFUSION BIOREACTORS
(PLOS Computational Biology, 2016-09-22) Yann, Guyot; Bart, Smeets; Tim, Odentha; Ramesh, Subramani; Frank P, Luyten; Herman, Ramon; Ioannis, Papantoniou; Liesbet, Geris
Perfusion bioreactors regulate flow conditions in order to provide cells with oxygen, nutrients and flow-associated mechanical stimuli. Locally, these flow conditions can vary depending on the scaffold geometry, cellular confluency and amount of extra cellular matrix deposition. In this study, a novel application of the immersed boundary method was introduced in order to represent a detailed deformable cell attached to a 3D scaffold inside a perfusion bioreactor and exposed to microscopic flow. The immersed boundary model permits the prediction of mechanical effects of the local flow conditions on the cell. Incorporating stiffness values measured with atomic force microscopy and micro-flow boundary conditions obtained from computational fluid dynamics simulations on the entire scaffold, we compared cell deformation, cortical tension, normal and shear pressure between different cell shapes and locations. We observed a large effect of the precise cell location on the local shear stress and we predicted flow-induced cortical tensions in the order of 5 pN/μm, at the lower end of the range reportedin literature. The proposed method provides an interesting tool to study perfusion bioreactors processes down to the level of the individual cell’s micro-environment, which can furtheraid in the achievement of robust bioprocess control for regenerative medicine applications.
IN VITRO ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF TWO VARIETIES OF PUMPKIN SEEDS
(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH, 2020-06-06) Santhiya R; Sridevi J
The seeds of the orange pumpkin (OPS) and white pumpkin (WPS) belongs to the family of cucurbitaceae. This family is one of the largest family in plant kingdom comprising of highest number of edible plant species. Pumpkin seeds are generally considered as waste product but it is rich in bioactive compounds with neutraceutical properties and considered as a healthy source. The anti-arthritic activity of the OPS and WPS are done by various methods such as inhibition of protein denaturation, Proteinase inhibition in different concentrations with aqueous and ethanol extracts. The results from these studies concluded that the pumpkin seed varieties showed good anti-arthritic property and thus the OPS and WPS can be suggested as a potent inhibitor for occurrence of arthritis.
THE INFLUENCE OF SWELLING ON ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF POLYACRYLAMIDE HYDROGELS
(Frontiers in Materials, 2020-07-23) Ramesh, Subramani; Alicia, Izquierdo-Alvarez; Pinaki, Bhattacharya; Mathieu, Meerts; Paula, Moldenaers; Herman, Ramon; Hans, Van Oosterwyck
Polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogels are commonly used as substrates for cell mechanical and mechanobiological studies because of their tunable stiffness and ease of handling. The dependence of bulk rheological and local elastic properties (assessed by Atomic Force Microscopy, or AFM) of PAM hydrogels on its composition and polymerization temperature has been extensively studied. PAM hydrogels swell when immersed in media, but the influence of swelling on local elastic properties is poorly characterized. Direct measurements of the effect of swelling on PAM elastic properties are scarce. We report here, for the first time, the direct measurements of volumetric swelling and local elastic properties of PAM gels throughout the post-polymerization swelling process until equilibrium. First, local and global elastic properties (measured by rheology), were obtained during polymerization in the absence of swelling, and showed good agreement with each other. Four PAM hydrogel compositions were characterized thus, with corresponding storage shear moduli (as measured immediately after polymerization) of 4,530 Pa (termed stiffest), 2,900 Pa (stiff), 538 Pa (soft), and 260 Pa (softest). Next, all compositions were subjected to swelling in phosphate buffered saline. Swelling ratios and local elastic moduli were measured at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h post-polymerization for the soft and softest compositions, and once daily till 6 days post-polymerization for all four compositions. For the stiffest and stiff gels, swelling ratio, and local elastic modulus changed negligibly with time, while for the soft and softest gels, substantial changes between Day 0 and Day 1 were found for both swelling ratio (increased by 21.6 and 133%, respectively), and local elastic modulus decreased (by 33.7 and 33.3%, respectively), substantially. Experimental data were analyzed by a model that combined ideal elastomer mechanics and poroelastic swelling kinetics model. Model predictions confirmed the validity of present measurements with respect to past studies where swelling and elastic properties were not measured simultaneously. The present study underlines the important effect swelling can have on PAM elastic properties and provides detailed quantitative data to guide the duration taken to reach equilibrium—a useful information for cell mechanics experiments. In addition, the simultaneous measurements of swelling and local elastic moduli provide novel data for the validation of theoretical models.
THE INFLUENCE OF SWELLING ON LOCAL ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF POLYACRYLAMIDE HYDROGELS
(Open Science Framework, 2017) Ramesh, Subramani; Alicia, Izquierdo-Alvarez; Pinaki, Bhattacharya; Mathieu, Meerts; Paula, Moldenaers; Herman, Ramon; Hans Van, Oosterwyck
Polyacrylamide (PAM)hydrogelsarecommonly usedas soft cell culture substrates for cell mechanical and mechanobiological studiesbecause oftheir tunable stiffness,easeof handling, transparent natureand surface functionalization to promote cell adhesion. The dependence of bulk rheological and local elastic properties (for example, as assessed by means of Atomic Force Microscopyor AFM) of PAM hydrogels onmonomer and cross-linkerconcentrationsand on polymerization temperature havebeen extensively investigated.PAM hydrogels are known to swell, which may affect their elastic properties and therefore may complicate the interpretation ofcell culturingexperiments because of a lack of control of substrate stiffness. Direct measurements of the effect of swelling on PAM elastic properties are scarce. We report here, for the first time, the direct observation of swelling (by measuring the volumetric swelling ratio) and its influence onlocal elastic properties, as measuredby AFM. Bulk rheological measurements were performed as well to enable the comparison between local and global elastic properties during and after hydrogel polymerization. Four PAM hydrogel compositions were considered,with corresponding storage shear moduliof 4530 Pa(termed stiffest), 2900 Pa(stiff), 538 Pa(soft)and 260 Pa(softest) as measured immediately after polymerization. These values as well as values obtained during hydrogel polymerization were found to be in good agreement with the local elastic moduli derived from AFM and assuming hydrogel incompressibility. After polymerization, the hydrogels were subjected to swelling conditions over six days in phosphate buffered salineand swelling ratios and local elastic moduli were measured each day.Additional short term measurements (at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 hours) were performed for the soft and softest gelsto study their swelling kinetics in more detail. Swelling ratio and local elastic modulus did not change with time for the stiffest and stiff gels, while for the soft and softest gels substantialchanges between Day 0 and Day 1were found for both swelling ratio (21.6%and 133% increase for soft and softest gel respectively) and local elastic modulus (33.7%and 33.3% decrease for soft and softest gel respectively). Experimental data werefurther analysed theoretically by combining models of ideal elastomeric gels with a poroelastic swelling kinetics model, which confirmed the validity of observed trends with respect to literature data. The results demonstrate that swelling can have an important effect on PAM elastic properties and must be taken into account when using PAM as a cell culture substrate, particularly for PAM gels with low monomer and cross-linker concentrations
INSILICO AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTY ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS FROM PRUNUS AVIUM AGAINST DIABETICS
(Informatics Publishing Limited & Natural Remedies Pvt.Ltd, 2022-01-01) Veerapandi L; Nivetha T; Sinthiya R; Karunyah Amirthadharshini N; Bumaasri K; Aishwarya R
Diabetes is a common metabolic disorder, which effects people across all cultures globally. Lifelong distress is the cause of this disease which has no cure as of now. Various medications available in the market are too expensive and not easily affordable by all. Rural people rely on plant based Ayurvedic medications to heal diabetes as these contain anti-diabetic compounds. These phytoconstituents/anthocyanin derivatives work with several mechanisms that involve phytoconstituent interactions and target molecules in diabetic metabolism. Molecular docking analysis aids in finding out the interaction between receptors and ligands to identify the finest interaction which suits the target. In this case, the study proposed examining the bonding interactions of anti-diabetic compounds/anthocyanin derivatives derived from medicinal plants (Pelargonidin, Cyanidin, Delphinidin, Peonidin, Petunidin, Quercetin and pancreatic alpha-amylase (4X9Y)) with the help of the computational tool. ADME/T test helps decide different pharmacological and physicochemical analysis of lead atoms, degree of adsorption inside the cell, digestion rate, solvency, blood cerebrum boundary penetrability, cancer-causing nature and so on, which are the significant essentials prior to advertising a medication. Peonidin and Quercetin was proposing the best interactions. Nonetheless, to discover a better cure for diabetes, further in-vitro/ in vivo studies have to be carried out.
KINETIC MODELLING OF OKRA AND GRACILARIACORTICATAHYDROCOLLOID MUCILAGE POLYSACCHARIDES
(Research and Innovation in Food Science and Technology, 2023) Ramesh, Subramani; Charumathi, Pushparaj; Archana, Ganesan
The biopolymer has become essential component in the recent years to overcome the environmental issues raised from the synthetic polymer. In this aspect we attempt to make such valuable and economical important biopolymer from the natural sources such as Abelmoscus esculentus and Gracilaria corticata in an eco friendly approach with thermally stable biopolymer. Thermal analysis of Okra and Gracilaria corticata mucilage polysaccharide has been carried out to ascertain their thermal degradation behavior and thermal stability. Thermal analysis of Okra and Gracilaria corticata mucilage polysaccharide weighed in the range of 5-10mg was carried out with TGA (Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer) and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter). Activation energy of the biopolymers for degradation studies was predicted and compared with Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (O-F-W). The activation energy obtained showed high R-square value of 0.9999, 0.9951, 0.9997 for Okra and 0.9992, 0.9998, 0.9999 for Gracilaria corticata. The results obtained in this study established the thermal characteristics of Okra and Gracilaria corticata mucilage polysaccharide and suggest their potential application in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical sectors.
A NOVEL SECONDARY DNA BINDING SITE IN HUMAN TOPOISOMERASE I UNRAVELLED BY USING A 2D DNA ORIGAMI PLATFORM
(ACS Publications, 2010-09-09) Ramesh, Subramani; Sissel, Juul; Alexandru, Rotaru; Felicie F, Andersen; Kurt V., Gothelf; Wael, Mamdouh; Flemming, Besenbacher; Mingdong, Dong; Birgitta R, Knudsen
The biologically and clinically important nuclear enzyme human topoisomerase I relaxes both positively and negatively supercoiled DNA and binds consequently DNA with supercoils of positive or negative sign with a strong preference over relaxed DNA. One scheme to explain this preference relies on the existence of a secondary DNA binding site in the enzyme facilitating binding to DNA nodes characteristic for plectonemic DNA. Here we demonstrate the ability of human topoisomerase I to induce formation of DNA synapses at protein containing nodes or filaments using atomic force microscopy imaging. By means of a two-dimensional (2D) DNA origami platform, we monitor the interactions between a single human topoisomerase I covalently bound to one DNA fragment and a second DNA fragment protruding from the DNA origami. This novel single molecule origami-based detection scheme provides direct evidence for the existence of a secondary DNA interaction site in human topoisomerase I and lends further credence to the theory of two distinct DNA interaction sites in human topoisomerase I, possibly facilitating binding to DNA nodes characteristic for plectonemic supercoils.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO VARIETIES OF PUMPKIN SEEDS
(2020) R, Santhiya; J, Sridevi
Pumpkin seed is one among the plant foods that contain high levels of bioactive components such as beta-carotene, unsaturated fatty acids, phenolic compounds, phytosterols and tocopherols. Pumpkin seeds are generally considered as waste product but it is rich in bioactive compounds with neutraceutical properties and considered as a healthy source. The nutritional factors of pumpkin seed comprises of nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins, as well as minor components such as minerals, vitamins, fibres. The chemical composition of pumpkin varies from one cultivar or species to other. The study aimed to characterize the physico-chemical characterization of Cucurbita maxima Dushesne- CUCURBITACEAE i.e. orange pumpkin seed (OPS) and Cucurbita pepo L. – CUCURBITACEAE i.e. white pumpkin seed (WPS).
PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM-INFECTED ERYTHROCYTE KNOB DENSITY IS LINKED TO THE PFEMP1 VARIANT EXPRESSED
(ASM Journals, 2015-10-06) Ramesh, Subramani; Katharina, Quadt; Anine E, Jeppesen; Casper, Hempel; Jens, Emil Vang Petersen; Tue, Hassenkam; Lars, Hviid; Lea, Barfod
Members of the clonally variant Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) family mediate adhesion of infected erythrocytes (IEs) to vascular receptors. PfEMP1 expression is normally confined to nanoscale knob protrusions on the IE surface membrane. To investigate the relationship between the densities of these IE surface knobs and the PfEMP1 variant expressed, we used specific antibody panning to generate three sublines of the P. falciparum clone IT4, which expresses the PfEMP1 variants IT4VAR04, IT4VAR32b, and IT4VAR60. The knob density in each subline was then determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and compared to PfEMP1 and knob-associated histidine-rich protein (KAHRP) expression. Selection for uniform expression of IT4VAR04 produced little change in knob density, compared to unselected IEs. In contrast, selection for IT4VAR32b expression increased knob density approximately 3-fold, whereas IEs selected for IT4VAR60 expression were essentially knobless. When IT4VAR60+ IEs were subsequently selected to express IT4VAR04 or IT4VAR32b, they again displayed low and high knob densities, respectively. All sublines expressed KAHRP regardless of the PfEMP1 expressed. Our study documents for the first time that knob density is related to the PfEMP1 variant expressed. This may reflect topological requirements to ensure optimal adhesive properties of the IEs.
PREPARATION AND CHEMICAL PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF INDIVIDUAL NANOSCALED FIBRILS
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2022-04-26) Praveetha, Senthilkumar; Sharmila, Chandran; Alexey, Kartsev; Vladimir, Shavrov; Petr, Lega; Ramesh, Subramani
Polymer-based nanofibril finds its application in various fields including tissue engineering, environmental monitoring, food packaging, and micro/nanoelectromechanical systems. These nanofibrils are subjected to chemical treatment and constant stress, which may cause permanent deformation to the fibrils when it is used. Therefore, the synthesis of well-defined nanofibrils and characterization techniques are key elements in identifying desired chemical and physical properties for suitable applications. Many methods have been developed to prepare individual nanofibrils, including electrospinning, phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly. Among all, self-assembly offers simple, efficient, and lowcost strategies that produce high-ordered nanofibrils using noncovalent interactions including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, π-π interactions, and hydrophobic interactions. The first part of the review provides detailed molecular interactions and simulations that can be controlled to achieve the formation of well-defined individual nanofibrils. The second part of the review describes the various existing tools to characterize the chemical and physical properties of single nanofibrils including atomic force microscopy. In the final part of the review, recently developed novel nanotools that measure the mechanical properties of nanofibrils are described. By bridging the gap between molecular interactions and resulting nanoscale fibirls, physical and chemical properties may lead to the construction of novel nanomaterials in the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology.
QUALITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF EIGHT TURMERIC (CURCUMA LONGA L) CULTIVARS GROWN IN VARIOUS GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATIONS OF INDIA WITH SIX EXTRACTS – A COMPARATIVE STUDY
(ScienceDirect, 2022) Salma S; Aariba S; Velvizhi M; Yasmin N; Sudha U.V; Anitha M.C; Naveena Reddy S
Being integral part of Indian cuisine, spices and condiments are reservoir of medicinal and phytochemical properties. The main objective of the study was to qualitatively analyse the phytochemical constituents of eight different cultivars of Indian turmeric with six different extracts. Different turmeric cultivars showed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins and aminoacids, phenolic compounds and tannins. Alkaloids, flavonoids, gums and mucilages, phytosterols were absent in most of the turmeric cultivars. This study concludes that aqueous extracts of different turmeric cultivars have highest phytonutrients in all forms and are recommended as the most preferred option in health and disease for further analyses.
RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN PREPARATION OF FOOD PACKAGING FILMS USING BIOPOLYMERS
(Rynnye Lyan Resources, 2021-12) Suresh S; Pushparaj C; Subramani R
In the past decades, most materials used in the food packaging industry are nonbiodegradable materials that pose increased environmental concerns and sustainability issues. Hence, polymer-based biodegradable materials and edible films have been developed to increase the shelf life of food products. Especially, biopolymer-based nanomaterials are engineered with multifunctional characteristics because of their size, surface area, shelf life, thermal stability, and mechanical and barrier strength. These materials display enriched properties of biodegradability, antimicrobial activity, and biocompatibility and may have the possibility to replace plastic materials in future. Thus, this review offers a brief overview of the classification of biopolymers, key parameters that are important in food packaging films (including the role of plasticizers, cross-linkers, pH, temperature, and relative humidity), and recent applications of novel biopolymer nanocomposite materials used in the food industries.