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ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL ASSOCIATIONS IN ZINGIBERACEAE AND COSTACEAE
(The Postgraduate & Research Department of Botany, St. Thomas College, Kozhencherry, Kerala, India, 2009-10-28) Uma E; Sathiyadash K; Muniappan V; Sarah jaison; Muthukumar T
We provide information on the AM fungi incidence exclusively in Zingiberaceae and Costaceae, which will provide an opportunity to extend our knowledge on the AM association in these plant families
BIO-DIESEL – AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL
(PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, 2005-12-07) Sumathi R; Meerabai R S
India is one of the countries in the world with billions of population and faces problems in this regard to the fuel requirement for increased transportation demand and now imports about 70% of its petroleum requirement. The current year consumption of diesel in India is approximately 40 million tons forming 40% of the total petroleum products consumption. The potential demand for biodiesel at 20% blend is estimated at 13.38 million tons by 2012. Indian oil corporation and Indian railways intend to use biodiesel in large quantities. The government is encouraging corporate and entrepreneurs to set-up biodiesel plants. Formers can develop and utilize waste lands and improve incomes, rural women labour will have more employment opportunities and soil fertility and the conditions will improve
BIODEGRADATION OF LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (LDPE) FILMS USING BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM PLASTIC DUMPED SOIL
(St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai, 2019-11-28) Jeeva Dharshni S; Kanchana M
Plastic are one of the most widely used materials and in most cases, they are designed to have long life time. Though plastics have become cosmopolitan, now days, they are very hazardous and should be disposed off, properly. Land filling, incineration and recycling are the most common methods employed for the disposal of plastics and all methods have their own environmental and health hazards. So, biodegradation will be the right choice for the proper disposal of plastic wastes. Soil samples from the compost yard have the rich consortia of biodegrading microbes. These samples were inoculated into nutrient agar medium with plastic as the sole carbon source for the isolation of the plastic degrading strains. Characterization of bacterial strains was done based on morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization. The process of biodegradation was observed at regular interval for 90 days in a synthetic medium containing Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) films. The bacterial isolates,Bacillus spandPseudomonas spwere able to reduce the weight of the polymer up to 0.3% and 0.6% respectively. Degradation was monitored by observing weight loss and changes in physical structure by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy.
BIOPLASTICS– UTILISATION OF VEGETABLE AND FRUIT WASTE FOR THE USE OF GREEN APPLICATIONS
(Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology, Bhuj, 2020-03-07) Rubalakshmi S; Uma E
The major sources of land pollution include plastics, metal and glass containers, food wrapping, worn-out machinery, old furniture, garbage, etc. Plastics have become a large environmental problem. However, it is slow to degrade. The plastics in excess produced will be deposited as landfill and are degraded very slowly, which can cause the original products to remain in the landfills for hundreds or even thousands of year. The prominence of plastic pollution is correlated with plastics being economical and durable, which lends to high levels of plastics used by humans and plastic pollution, can unfavorably affect lands, waterways and oceans. In order to reduce the usage of Plastics, currently Bioplastics are produced from the agricultural and vegetable wastes. Bioplastics are plastic materials produced from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, straw, woodchips, sawdust, recycled food waste, etc. Bioplastic can be made from agricultural by-products and other containers using microorganisms. At present we could see the use of conventional plastic in every corner of the world, but their use raises serious environmental issues and public irritation because of their non-degradable nature. Hence, nowadays it is indispensable to have a potential bioplastic material in alternate over the conventional plastics. The bioplastic obtained will be environmentally friendly, trendy, user friendly and degradation tractable properties. There were plenty of reports on bioplastic synthesis using vegetable and fruit waste, however, there are less reports on tractability biodegradation, thus produced biodegradation tractable plastic could play vital role in the market for the sustainable use and commercial value added product development. The bioplastic produced through this method could be substantial and the biodegradable tractability is one of the main challenges in developing bio plastic material. The current report has made an effort towards the synthesis and characterization these types of natural polymeric material. Certainly, the research is a long way to go for both economic and environmental friendly products using bioplastic materials or bio polymer.
EFFECT OF SALT STRESS ON TOTAL CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT IN LEUCAS ASPERA
(MacMillan New Delhi, 2017) Agnes Nirmala K; Kanchana M
Leucas aspera is well known for its traditional uses as antipyretic and insecticide. It is commonly known as “Thumbai” and distributed throughout India from the Himalayas down to Srilanka. This plant possesses immense medicinal properties such as antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antinociceptive and cytotoxic activity. Soil salinity is a very important issue affecting agriculture and over 800 million hectares of the world land are affected by salt stress. As Leucas aspera plant distributed throughout India, study on salinity tolerance of this plant may give more insights on abiotic stress research. The effect on photosynthesis can be gauged from the effect on the photosynthetic pigments and salinity stress significantly affected the chlorophyll content. In this study, the effect of salt stress on total chlorophyll content was analysed. The plant was treated with 150 mM NaCl and total chlorophyll content was estimated at 0 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs and 120 hrs. We also estimated total chlorophyll content after three days with different salt treatments ranging 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM, 200 mM, 250 mM and 300 mM. The chlorophyll content significantly reduced after 72 hrs of 150 mM and higher salt concentrations. The chlorophyll content was not significantly affected up to 48 hrs in all salt concentrations analysed.
ESTIMATION OF PROTEIN AND CARBOHYDRATES IN DIFFERENT PULSES
(PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, 2016-01-05) Ashiba A; Jeeva Lavanya S; Menachi A; Shifana Asmi M; Soundarya S; Vadivukkarasi K; Sumathi R
Pulses are essential for growth and metabolism of all living organisms. Leguminous crops are rich in protein and carbohydrates. The samples are soaked entire seed, seed coat, pulp, soaked water and also in boiled entire seed, seed coat, pulp and boiled water of black channa, white channa, fresh bean, dry bean, fresh pea and dry pea. The protein content was estimated by Bradford method and carbohydrate content was estimated by Anthrone method. The protein and carbohydrates are rich in boiled seeds than soaked seeds. The result shows the consumption of the boiled pulses is recommended and it is good for health.
EXTRACTION OF AMPELOCISSUS LATIFOLIA AS A SOURCE OF ANTIBIOTIC
(Muthayammal College of Arts & Science, Rasipuram, 2015-01-09) Sumathi R; Renuka Devi R
The Antifungal activity of different solvent extract of leaf and root powder of Amplelocissus latifolia was evaluated against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium candidum. The methanol, ethanol, hexane and acetone extract showed no zone of inhibition against both the organisms. The presence of protein was identified in phosphate buffer extract using Nin hydrin test and ELISA. The leaf and root extract contains 7.6ug/ul and 7.7ug/ul of protein respectively. The phytochemical studies showed the presence of Alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, tannins and phenols in the leaf extract. The root extract contains only flavonoids . The FTIR analysis of root and leaf powder of Amplelocissus latifolia showed the presence of amines, amides alcohols carboxylic acids, nitric acids and phenols
FLORISTIC DIVERSITY AND ETHNOMEDICINAL ANALYSIS OF ANGIOSPERMIC PLANTS IN KUMARANKUNDRU HILL, ANNUR, COIMBATORE
(St.Xavier’s College, 2019-11-28) Preethi Jenifer S; Lekha K; Kanchana M
Taxonomy is the study to gather acquaintance of various kinds of plants in earth and its systematic grouping, the main aim of taxonomist to deal with the identification, nomenclature and classification of plants in scientific manner. The present study is focused on taxonomic and comprehensive information of the floristic diversity and Ethnomedicinal properties of Angiospermic plants found in Kumaran kundru hill surrounded by Western Ghats. A total of 56 families, 114 genera and 126 plant species were recorded. All collected plants were preserved by using herbarium techniques. The vegetative survey conducted to the show level of species diversity, it reveals that Ricinus communis, and Boerhaviaerecta have high species diversity while Sarcostemmaviminalis , Agave americana have low species diversity. Documentation of established knowledge on the Ethnomedicinal properties of these plants is essential for the conversation and new drug development process
ISOLATION AND DEGRADATION OF MONOSTAR INSECTICIDE DEGRADING BACTERIA FROM AGRICULTURAL SOIL AND ITS GROWTH RESPONSE
(Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, 2017-10-09) Jeeva Dharshni S; Kanchana M
General agricultural use of pesticides carries with it potential hazards to man and directly by exposure to toxic residues in food and indirectly to the environment. An effort is undertaken in the present study for developing active microbial strains that could be of relevant in bioremediation of pesticides contaminated soil. The bacterial isolates were screened through biochemical and microbial analysis from the soil of agricultural land in Omalur region, Tamil nadu. An efficient strain having organophosphorus - Monostar insecticide (monocrotophos) degrading ability was isolated and identified on the basis of 16S rDNA sequence analysis as Bacillus thuringiensis. The isolated sequences were submitted in NCBI (national centre for biotechnological information) for the analysis of homology. As a result the Bacillus thuringiensis sequences of BLAST shows the 100 % similarity with Bacillus cereus
ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING FUNGI FROM RHIZOSPHERIC SOIL
(RVS Siddha Medical college and Hospital, 2018-12-07) Sujithra V; Geetha M; Jeeva dharshni S; Kanchana M
The present study is focused on identification and characterization of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. Phosphate solubilization by microbes in soil is an important process for the abundance of phosphate in available format helps in eradication of phosphate deficiency in plants. The dissolution of inorganic phosphate by microbial communities including fungi is though common under in vitro conditions; the performance of phosphate solubilizing microbes in situ has been contradictory. Therefore, acquiring insightful knowledge in plant associated organisms may help in solubilization of mineral phosphorous for easy uptake by the plants. Fungi have the ability to solubilize phosphorous by production of organic acids and are known to have a higher efficiency of solubilization than bacteria. A sterile rhizospheric fungus was isolated from rhizospheric soil of spathoglottisplicata and was found to be dominant with highest phosphate solubilization capacity. The fungus is identified through its morphological features and molecular characterization by partial rDNA-ITS sequence analysis. Based on BLAST search analysis the fungus was found closest homolog to humiculasp, with maximum identity of 98%.
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (LDPE) BY FUNGUS ISOLATED FROM LANDFILL SOIL
(Avinashilingam institute for home science and higher education, Coimbatore, 2019-12-18) Jeeva Dharshni S; Kanchana M
Plastics are natural or synthetic represent the class of polymeric substances. A stable increase in the use of plastic products has accelerated the pollution. Several attempts have been made to control the problem at large by resorting to both chemical and biological methods. Eradication of pollution by chemical methods leads to many side effects such as, release of toxic chemicals and gases into the atmosphere. Therefore an alternative method must be identified and it should be eco-friendly manner. Hence a current study is focused on identify the biological method for the degradation of plastics without any side effects. Low density polyethylene polymer can be degraded by microorganisms or enzymes by means of cutting down the molecular chains. A low density polyethylene (LDPE) is one of the hazardous polymers used for the present study and makes it degrade fully in a rapid manner. There are two fungal strains Aspergillus sp. and Xylaria sp. were identified for their high degradable activity. After 30 days of incubation the efficacy of fungal isolates for their polymer degradation was determined through various parameters such as pH variation, Optical Density of the culture and estimation of CO2 during degradation process.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF TYPE 1 ACYL COA: DIACYL GLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE (DGAT1) GENE IN BRASSICA NAPUS
(ST.XAVIER’S College, Palayamkottai, 2019-11-28) Geetha M; Kanchana M
Oil in the form of triacylglycerols (TAGs) is quantitatively the most important storage form of energy for eukaryotic cells. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is considered the rate-limiting enzyme for TAG accumulation. DGAT1 enzymes (acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase1) catalyse the formation of triacylglycerols (TAGs), the most abundant lipids in vegetable oils. Thorough understanding of the enzymology of oil accumulation is critical to the goal of modifying oilseeds for improved biodiesel production. Brassica napus, one of the world’s most important oil seed crops and is a bright-yellow flowering member of the family Brassicaceae (mustard or cabbage family). B.napus is promising candidate for biodiesel production. The DNA extracted from selected plant sample and the DGAT gene has amplified through PCR techniques. The PCR amplification product having approximately 1500bp was sequenced edited and searched using BLAST against the known sequences within NCBI databases.
THE MYCORRHIZAL STATUS OF SOUTH INDIAN EPIPHYTIC ORCHIDS
(The Postgraduate & Research Department of Botany, St. Thomas College, Kozhencherry, Kerala, India, 2009-10-28) Sathiyadash K; Uma E; Muniappan V; Sarah jaison; Muthukumar T
The study is to screen certain orchid species growing naturally in southern India for their mycorrhizal status and to assess the role of root morphology in determining the mycorrhizal status of orchids
OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR LIPASE PRODUCTION BY ASPERGILLUS TERREUS USING COTTON SEED OIL AS SUBSTRATE
(SNMV College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, 2009-01-28) Sumathi R; Meerabai R S
Fungi isolated from soil where screened for exogenous lipolytic activity. The highest lipase activity was found in an isolate of Aspergillus terreus. Optimal cultural conditions influencing the growth and production of extra cellular lipase from this fungus was investigated. The lipase yield was maximum on day 5 of incubation, when the medium was supplemented with maltose and cotton seed oil as carbon source and potassium nitrate as nitrogen source, at pH 4 and at a temperature of 400 C. The possibility of using the lipase thus produced for transesterification of cotton seed oil to biodiesel was investigated.
PHYSICO - CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF TEXTILE DYE EFFLUENTS AND SOILS COLLECTED FROM TIRUPUR DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU
(Department of Bioscience, Sri Krishna Arts and Science College Coimbatore, 2017-02-10) A, Jeevitha; S, Mohanapriya; L, Pavithra; V, Deepthi; M S, Sri Saranya; S, Srimathi; E, Uma
Textile industries are large industrial consumers of water as well as producers of wastewater effluents. The continuous application of effluent on soil and water may change its quality as well as its fertility. In this study the physico chemical parameters such as colour, pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total solids, Total suspended solids (TSS), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Total organic carbon (OC), Biological oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Total nitrogen, Phosphate, Exchangeable Potassium, Exchangeable Sodium of the untreated textile effluents were analyzed. In this regard, the result indicates that the physico-chemical properties of industrial effluent are higher than the permissible limits therefore it affects the nature of soil and water. Hence there is a need of advanced methods of treatment of effluent water so that the waste water generated as the product of treatment can be reused for various biological means
SCREENING AND IDENTIFICATION OF IAA PRODUCING BACTERIA
(St.Xavier’s College, 2019-11-28) Sujithra V; Kanchana M
Biofertilizers are the substances which make use of microorganisms to fertile the soil. The plant growth promoting bacteria was act as biofertilizer to enhance the plant growth. These types of microorganism are used to increase the level of nutrients in the plants. They let the plants into a healthy environment and do not cause the pollution. Seven bacteria strains isolated from rhizospheric soil of Spathaglottisplicata.The screening and isolation of plant growth promoting bacteria was subject to confirm through the Salkowshi reagent. The pink color indicated the presence of IAA in plant growth promoting bacteria. Out of 7 bacterial isolates 3 bacterial cultures were produced high amount of auxin content. The plant growth promoting bacteria were identiﬁed by morphological analysis [gram stain, cell shape, size and motility] and biochemical analysis [IMVIC Tests].
SCREENING OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING BACTERIA FROM RHIZOSPHERIC SOIL
(Rathinam College of Arts and Sciemce, 2019-02-27) Sujithra V; Kanchana M
A major focus on plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPM) for restoring the agro ecosystems to their original shape is gaining the attention of agronomists and environmentalists. Increase in cost of fertilizers and worldwide energy crises, low purchasing power of farmers, increase in cost of production restricted the use of chemical fertilizers alone as a source of plant nutrient. Work on rhizospheric bacteria has already shown potential in the management of various agricultural problems, and especially their use in the form of biofertilizers and biopesticides has resulted in meager reliance on synthetic agrochemicals. Therefore, the present investigation started with the bacterial isolation from rhizosphere soil of orchid root. After evaluation for their plant growth promoting attributes, were found potential strain for Plant Growth Promoting activity as production of IAA. The screening of plant growth promoting bacteria was subjected to confirm through color change of yellow to pink color in the salkowshi reagent. The bacteria were efficiently produced auxin in its fifth day of growth. The shaking conditions of the bacteria in Nutrient broth produced more auxin content than static conditions
STANDARDIZATION OF AGROBACTERIUM MEDIATED GENE TRANSFER PROTOCOL IN PARADISE TREE
(Rathinam College of arts and science, CBE, 2019-02-27) Geetha M; Kanchana M
Simarouba glauca belongs to the family of Simaroubaceae. It is a medium sized evergreen tree and medicinally important plant. Simarouba glauca oil seed is used as an alternative energy to replace fossil fuel. The chemical constituents of Simaroubaare used as antiprotozoal, anti-amebic, antimalarial and it is even toxic to cancer and leukemia cells. In this study, an efficient and improved micro propagation protocol will be developed by the optimization of culture condition using MS medium. Micro-propagation is an effective protocol which gives rapid multiplication in a shoot cycle and it results in increased number of seedlings. The advantage of In vitro propagation is production of pathogen free elite cultivars. In this context the pathogen free plants of their genotype and subsequent phenotypes will be improved by introducing the desired gene through molecular cloning. Since, the time duration taken for the growth of tree is more than 10 years, it could be reduced through genetic engineering by introducing genetically modified elite cultivar. Hence, the present research programme will be a promising initiative for the future development of economically important bio resources. Agrobacterium mediated transformation system is an efficient, harmless, ecofriendly with high transformation efficiency than the other gene delivery system.
TEXTILE DYE DEGRADATION BY NEWLY ISOLATED BACTERIA AND DNA ISOLATION ASSOCIATED WITH DYE DEGRADATION
(Kongunadu Arts and Science College, CBE., 2017-10-09) Geetha M; Kanchana M
A bacterial strain with ability to decolorize or degrade textile dye was isolated from textile effluent contaminated soil of Tripur (Tamil Nadu). The decolorization or degradation studies were performed in Nutrient Agar medium (NA) amended with different textile dye, such as Spectron yellow F3RN, Spectron Navy CLBC and Spectron Rose F3BN. The bacterial strain was identified as Ochrobactrum atrophy on the basis of 16S rDNA sequence. The bacterial strain exhibited very low decolorization ability in static conditions. The optimal condition for the decolorization of three different dye by Ochrobactrum atrophystrain were at pH 7.0 and 35°C in 60 h of incubation. To identify the similarity between the microorganisms, the sequence was submitted in NCBI (national centre for biotechnological information). As a result the Ochrobactrum atrophy sequences of BLAST shows the 90 % similarity with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,Lactobacillus jensenii 269-3 and Anoxybacillus sp.UARK-0.