International Journal

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Start date: 2020End date: 2023

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    THE PHARMACEUTICAL POTENTIAL OF CRUDE ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF PEDALIUM MUREX (L.)
    (Elsevier, 2022) Mathiyazhagan, Narayanan; Arunachalam, Kiran; Devarajan, Natarajan; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy; Sabarathinam, Shanmugam; Maha, Alshiekheid; Hesham S, Almoallim; Arivalagan, Pugazhendhi
    The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial competence of various solvent leaf extracts of Pedalium murex against bacteria that cause skin infections such as Staphylococcus aureus, (folliculitis), Streptococcus pyogenes (impetigo), and Corynebacterium sp. (pitted keratolysis). The presence of phytochemicals, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity on the Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK 293) cell line were also studied. The ethanol extract contained more phytochemical ingredients (saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics, quinones, and betacyanin) than the other extracts. An increased concentration of ethanol extract demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity (zone of inhibition) against bacteria such as S. aureus, S. pyogenes, and Corynebacterium sp. and it followed by methanol extract. This is the first report on the antibacterial activity of an ethanol extract of P. murex against bacteria that cause skin infections. The average minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of ethanol extract was found as 13.64 mg mL−1. In the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl free radical scavenging assay, the crude ethanol (87.25 and 83.24 % respectively) and methanol extracts (81.41% and 78.39% respectively) showed excellent antioxidant activity. The cytotoxicity study (4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT assay) revealed that the crude ethanol extract of P. murex effectively supported the proliferation of HEK 293 cell line with the absence of considerable number of cell death even at 500 mg mL−1. The findings concluded that the components present in the ethanol extract could be used in drug formulations to combat bacteria that cause skin infections without causing side effects.
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    ASSESSING POLLUTANT SORPTION EFFICIENCY OF MODIFIED AND UNMODIFIED BIOCHAR WITH BACILLUS CEREUS ON CONTAMINATED LAKE WATER: IMPLICATIONS FOR ORYZA SATIVA SEEDLING AND ARTEMIA FRANCISCANA LARVAE VIABILITY
    (Springer Link, 2023-10-02) Mathiyazhagan, Narayanan; Ramesh, Subramani; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy
    This study evaluated the efficacy of biochar in removing pollutants from a polluted lake. Biochar, both with and without Bacillus cereus, was assessed for its sorption potential. The treated water samples were analyzed for toxicity using Oryza sativa and Artemia franciscana larvae. The lake water exceeded permissible limits for pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and various metals. The 10-day biosorption study with different treatment groups (MB, UMB, MBB, UMBB, and BC) revealed that the MBB group exhibited remarkable pollutant sorption potential. It achieved pollutant removal percentages of 33.35% for Cd, 15.73% for As, 26.21% for Cr, 32.72% for Pb, 32.81% for Zn, 23.58% for Cu, 5.44% for Cl, 22.01% for Ni, 28.2% for Hg, and 4.19% for SO42−. MBB-treated lake water showed no toxicity, confirming pollutant removal by metal-tolerant Bacillus cereus in modified biochar.
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    Β-CHITIN AND CHITOSAN FROM WASTE SHELLS OF EDIBLE MOLLUSKS AS A FUNCTIONAL INGREDIENT
    (Nanchang University, 2023-07-07) Durairaj, Karthick Rajan; Kannan, Mohan; Jayakumar, Rajarajeswaran; Dharmaraj, Divya; Ragavendhar, Kumar; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy; Shubing, Zhang; Abirami, Ramu Ganesan
    The marine food-processing industries were producing large quantities of shell wastes as a discard. Currently, this waste material was underutilized and leads to the landfill as a significant environmental issue. The outer shells or exoskeletons of mollusks serve as the best source of chitin. Three different allomorphs of chitin (γ, β, and γ) were extracted from different species of crustaceans, mollusks, and fungi. β-Allomorphs predominantly exist in the shells of mollusks. β-Chitin and its deacetylated product chitosan has been utilized for its special characteristic features, including biocompatibility, environmental friendly, and nontoxic properties. The extraction of β-chitin and chitosan from the mollusk shell waste were evaluated in this work. Hence, this review aims to explore edible mollusk shell waste sources and its suitable extraction techniques, characterizations, and functional properties of mollusk-based β-chitin and chitosan. Further, the genetic pathway of synthesizing mollusk chitin was discussed. The entire life cycle assessment with techno-economic aspects were extrapolated to study the bottlenecks and tangible solution for the industrial upscaling of obtaining β-chitin and chitosan from the edible mollusk shell waste have been reviewed herein.
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    MICROALGAE AS A MULTIPOTENTIAL ROLE IN COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS: CURRENT SCENARIO AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
    (Elsevier, 2022-01-15) Sabariswaran, Kandasamy; Bo, Zhang; Zhixia, He; Narayanamoorthy, Bhuvanendran; Ahmed I., EL-Seesy; Qian, Wang; Mathiyazhagan, Narayanan; Palaniswamy, Thangavel; Mudasir A., Dar
    Microalgal feedstocks have gained tremendous potential for sustainable biofuel production in recent years. For biofuel processing, thermochemical, biochemical, and transesterification processes are used. Many researchers have recently become interested in the hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae. Renewable biofuel production from microalgae, as well as a broad range of value-added co-products, describe its potential as a biorefinery feedstock from this perspective. Microalgae convert solar energy into carbon storage compounds, such as TAG (triacylglycerols), which can then be converted into biodiesel, bioethanol, and bio-methanol. Microalgae are considered to be the most attractive source of biofuel production for all the organisms used. This review explored the percentage of oil content, chemical composition, and lipid content of microalgae. This analysis depicts the various aspects of microalgal species for biofuel conversion. Also, other bioenergy and value-added items are discussed briefly.
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    CURRENT STATUS OF MICROBES INVOLVED IN THE DEGRADATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS (PPCPS) POLLUTANTS IN THE AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
    (Elsevier, 2022-05-01) Mathiyazhagan, Narayanan; Mostafa, El-sheekh; Ying, Ma; Arivalagan, Pugazhendhi; Devarajan, Natarajan; Gajendiran, Kandasamy; Rathinam, Raja; Saravana Kumar, R.M; Suresh, Kumarasamy; Govindasamy, Sathiyan; Geetha, R; Balaji, Paulraj; Guanglong, Liu; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy
    Contamination of aquatic systems with pharmaceuticals, personal care products, steroid hormones, and agrochemicals has been an immense problem for the earth's ecosystem and health impacts. The environmental issues of well-known persistence pollutants, their metabolites, and other micro-pollutants in diverse aquatic systems around the world were collated and exposed in this review assessment. Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) influents and effluents, as well as industrial, hospital, and residential effluents, include detectable concentrations of known and undiscovered persistence pollutants and metabolites. These components have been found in surface water, groundwater, drinking water, and natural water reservoirs receiving treated and untreated effluents. Several studies have found that these persistence pollutants, and also similar recalcitrant pollutants, are hazardous to a variety of non-targeted creatures in the environment. In human and animals, they can also have severe and persistent harmful consequences. Because these pollutants are harmful to aquatic organisms, microbial degradation of these persistence pollutants had the least efficiency. Fortunately, only a few wild and Genetically Modified (GMOs) microbial species have the ability to degrade these PPCPs contaminants. Hence, researchers have been studying the degradation competence of microbial communities in persistence pollutants of Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) and respective metabolites for decades, as well as possible degradation processes in various aquatic systems. As a result, this review provides comprehensive information about environmental issues and the degradation of PPCPs and their metabolites, as well as other micro-pollutants, in aquatic systems.
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    MARINE BIORESOURCES ARE A BOON FOR BIOPLASTIC PRODUCTION AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO CONVENTIONAL PLASTICS—A REVIEW
    (SpringerLink, 2023-08-30) Mathiyazhagan, Narayanan; Jintae, Lee; Selvaraj, Barathi; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy
    The constant rise in global demand for plastic products has led to an uninterrupted increase in the production and utilization of petroleum-based conventional plastics. This has resulted in significant contamination of plastic waste due to its non-biodegradable nature, particularly within aquatic ecosystems, while the availability of petroleum resources is decreasing. Additionally, although bioplastics have been introduced as alternatives to traditional plastics, their primary production from plant sources has raised concerns regarding their harmful effects on ecosystems and human well-being. In response to these challenges, marine-based bioplastics have emerged as a promising and economically feasible solution to meet the growing demand for plastic products. Marine bioresource–based bioplastics possess favorable physicochemical properties and exhibit ease of degradation, making them attractive compounds for various applications. However, implementing marine bioplastics on a large scale requires further investigation. Therefore, the main objectives of this review are to emphasize the existing scientific gaps within the specific research area and clearly state the review’s objective view. Hence, this review provides a comprehensive summary of micro and microorganisms derived from marine resources for bioplastic production and explores potential applications in promoting human welfare without causing harm to the ecosystem.
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    AG AND AU NANOPARTICLES DECORATED ON SYNTHETIC CLAY FUNCTIONALIZED MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE FOR OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION
    (SpringerLink, 2021-06-03) Narayanamoorthy, Bhuvanendran; Sabarinathan, Ravichandran; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy; Huaneng, Su
    A novel clay (aminoclay, AC) functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was employed as a novel hybrid supporting material to Ag and Au nanoparticles for the improvement of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The size and structure of the catalysts were studied by XRD and electron microscopy analysis, revealing that the average crystallite and particle size was about 3.4 and 2.6 nm for Au and 16.2 and 15.3 nm for Ag nanoparticles, respectively. The ORR performance was probed by employing the voltammetry techniques under static and hydrodynamic conditions. The results show that the electrochemical surface area of Au (57.5 m2/g) and Ag (17.8 m2/g) on AC/MWCNT are larger than that of AC-free catalysts, and the ORR mechanism follows a direct 4-electron transfer pathway. The supported Au and Ag on AC/MWCNT catalysts explicitly showed the enhanced electrocatalytic efficiency and activity on ORR than that of the AC-free MWCNT catalysts. This work demonstrates that developing surface functionalized carbon support using an inorganic silicate layer (clay minerals) as hybrid support for the persistence of active metal catalysts could be a promising strategy for advanced LT-AFCs ORR electrocatalysts.
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    IN SILICO MODELING AND MOLECULAR DOCKING INSIGHTS OF KAEMPFERITRIN FOR COLON CANCER-RELATED MOLECULAR TARGETS
    (Elsevier, 2021-09) Mydhili, Govindarasu; Shalini, Ganeshan; Mohammad, Azam Ansari; Mohammad N, Alomary; Sami, AlYahya; Saad, Alghamdi; Mazen, Almehmadi; Govindasamy, Rajakumar; Muthu, Thiruvengadam; Manju, Vaiyapuri
    Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and it is also one of the major causes of mortality from cancer. Chemotherapy drugs are generally limited due to various complications, as well as the development of resistance and recurrence. The in silico docking investigation involved exploration of protein or nucleotide, 3D structural modeling, molecular docking, and binding energy calculation. Protein-protein interactions are significant to many biological processes, and their disruption is a leading cause of disease. The use of small molecules to modulate them is gaining popularity, but protein interfaces usually lack specific cavities for processing small molecules. MMP-2, PARP, iNOS, Chk1, proteins were used in the molecular docking analysis of kaempferitrin and 5-flurouracil. The compound kaempferitrin had the highest binding energy scores with most of the target proteins, according to molecular docking results. The findings suggest it could be used to develop new drugs for cancer therapy.
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    THE BIOTRANSFORMATION POTENTIAL OF BACILLUS CEREUS ON Β- CYPERMETHRIN TO PROTECT THE EARTHWORM (PERIONYX EXCAVATUS) ON INSECTICIDE -CONTAMINATED SOIL
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Narayanan, M; Murugan, J M; Kandasamy, G; Kandasamy, S; Nasif, O; Rajendran, M; Pugazhendhi, A
    The pre-isolated B. cereus had shown better β-cypermethrin resistance at 100 mg L−1 dosage in the Mineral Salt Medium (MSM). Hence, it was applied for the biodegradation study on MSM. The GC-MS analysis revealed that the B. cereus had the potential to degrade β-cypermethrin and metabolize it into six predominant less or nontoxic components (benzene, 1-ethyl−3-methyl-, ethanethiol, 2-(dimethylamino)-, 1-(2-acetoxyethyl)-3,6-diazahomoadamantan-9-one, silane, 9-anthracenyltrimethyl-, 1-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-3,6-,fumaric acid). Based on this biodegradation potential, four experimental groups, namely A, B, C, D and control, were framed and the biodegradation potential of B. cereus on β-cypermethrin and interaction with P. excavates were studied. Group C, which includes B. cereus and 10 P. excavates under β-cypermethrin stress excavates positive survival interaction. It was confirmed by the presence of metabolites such as benzene, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-, ethanethiol, 2-(dimethylamino)- and 1-(2-acetoxyethyl)-3,6-diazahomoadamantan-9-one, in P. excavates. Furthermore, these were similar to the metabolites of β-cypermethrin degraded by B. cereus. These results conclude that the biodegradation potential of B. cereus can protect the life of P. excavates from β-cypermethrin toxicity and thus, can support the balancing of soil fertility, structure and soil biotas such as flora and fauna. Abbreviations: MSM: mineral salt medium; g: gram; kg: kilogram; GC-MS: gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; mg L−1: milligram per litter; mL: milliliter; mg: milligram; min: minutes; MSTFA:N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide; EC: electric conductivity; N: nitrogen; P: phosphate; K: potassium; ECD: electron capture detector; OC: organic carbon; LB: Luria–Bertani; ºC: temperature in Celsius; pH: potential of hydrogen; R.T: retention time; NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology; rpm: rotations per minute; TNAU: Tamil Nadu Agriculture University. © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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    EFFECTS OF BIOHYDROGEN ON PREMIXED CHARGE COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE OPERATING AT VARIOUS INLET AIR TEMPERATURES
    (Elsevier, 2023-01-15) Bingchao, Zhao; Xiaoyong, Song; Han, Wang; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy; Arunachalam, Chinnathambi; Tahani, Awad Alahmadi; Govindasamy, Sathiyan; Nguyen, Thuy Lan Chi; Rajasree, Shanmuganathan
    The usage of the diesel engine has been increasing every year and simultaneously the emissions by the fossil fuels are mounting up and damaging the environment. Hence, it is of profound interest to seek the solution to reduce the emissions released by fossil fuels. In this proposed study, the biohydrogen influence on the diesel engine has been examined. Since biohydrogen is a green gas, it reduces the emissions of certain pollutants significantly. Hence, here the diesel engine is tested with 10% and 30% of biohydrogen flow through air intake. Two different combinations such as DH10 (10% Biohydrogen and 90% diesel) and DH30 (30% biohydrogen and 70% diesel) were tested at different mean effective pressure (MEP). The MEP has been varied from 1.05 bars to 4.2 bars. Since the engine is operating on premixed charge compression ignition conditions, inclusion of the biohydrogen is challenging. To avoid biohydrogen backfire flame arrestor has been attached between the cylinder and flowmeter. The crucial parameters such as brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, heat release rate, cylinder pressure, combustion timing, and emissions data were collected and analyzed to understand the sustainability of the biohydrogen gas running on the diesel engine. Based on findings it is clear, adding the biohydrogen gas to the engine increases the BTE and HRR. Further the cylinder pressure values were also increased due to the usage of compressed gas. Nevertheless, the brake specific fuel consumption has been at higher levels due to the energy discrepancy. With regards to the emission, CO, CO2 and NOx concentration in the exhaust tailpipe has decreased marginally, which is pleasing. Comparing DH10 and DH30, DH30 outperforms with regard to emission data. On the other hand, the performance values are superior for DH10 than DH30.