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    STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS AND FISH PRODUCTION IN SELECTED LAKES OF COIMBATORE
    (Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India in Association with International Foundation for Environment and Ecology, Kolkata, in collaboration with Confederation of Indian Universities, New Delhi, 2016-03-07) Sasikala G; Radha R.P; AlisRega S
    The accumulation of heavy metals in aquatic fauna surviving in the brought hazards to the speedy urbanization and in ecosystem contaminated with a wide range of pollutants is a matter of concern and had posed a serious threat to the survival in the ecosystem. At present, the pollution has become a serious threat, and hasgrowing population as well as the earth/environment (Yousafzaiet al., 2010). The industrialization has led to increased disposal of pollutants like heavy metals and various types of organic and inorganic substances into the environment (Ghoshet al.,2007). It has been cited that the heavy metals constitute the major pollutants in the environment. The present study was to determine the contents of heavy metals and biochemical parameters of muscles in two commonly cultivable fishes, Labeorohita and Tilapia tilapia. To evaluate the relationship between the water quality parameters and fish production. The fish samples (Labeorohita and Tilapia tilapia) used in the experiment were caught using gill nets, cast nets and fishing lines. Sampling was performed in July 2014. Fish samples obtained were immediately kept in pre-cleaned polythene bags, which were sealed and kept in an ice box until further analysis. The analysis was performed in the Department of Zoology, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore. The water samples were collected from Ukkadam lake and Singanullur lake situated in Coimbatore district, Tamilnadu. The water samples were further analyzed for physicochemical parameters using standard methods prescribed for the analysis. To minimize contamination, all the materials used in the experiments were previously washed in ultra pure water, and a stainless steel knife was used to cut the tissues. Before analysis the fish were thawed and a 0.5 g sample was taken from each tissue (Muscle, gill, skin, intestine and liver). Based on the results of the present investigation, the levels of metals bioaccumulated by FAO, FEPA and WHO. Heavy metals contents ofLabeorohita and Tilapia tilapia did not exceed the permissible limits set for heavy metalsCPA and WHO. Therefore, these fishes did not pose any threat to human upon their consumption. The present study, due to the bioaccumulation of heavy metals like Iron and Zinc in the tissues of LabeoMd of Singanallur lake fish, there are a variations in the biochemical contents. High bioaccumulation ofZinc results in elevation of carbohydrates and depletion of fats and proteins. Similarly in theIron and Zinc in the tissues of Tilapia tilapia results in elevation of fats and results in elevation of carbohydrates in Tilapia tilapia, there is a variation in the biochemical content. High bioaccumulation of Copper elevation of fats and proteins and depletion of carbohydrates. High bioaccumulation of leadon of carbohydrates and depletion of fat and protein in the tissues of fish.
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    SEWAGE INDUCED CHANGES IN THE RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY OF FISH, PANGASIUSPANGASIUS
    (Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India in Association with International Foundation for Environment and Ecology, Kolkata, in collaboration with Confederation of Indian Universities, New Delhi, 2016-03-07) Sasikala G; Palanisamy P; AlisRega S
    The pools, ponds, creeks and also the torrential streams often either dry out during summer or their homes muddy, highly hypoxic and hypercarpic. Under such ecologically adverse conditions therea very interesting group of fish which have a bimodal gas exchange mechanism where the air breathing organ exchanges with the air, while the gill and/or skin exchanges gases with water. The effect of arious pollutants on the respiratory physiology of fishes havebeen investigated in recent years by several workers (Hughes, 1975; Waiwood and Johnson, 1974; Kawatshi and McDonald, 1974; Lunnet al., 1976, Singh and Singh, 1979). The intimate contact of gill with waterborne pollutants may lead to alterations in the respiratory surface area (Singh and Singh, 1979) and in turn lowering the diffusing capacity of gills. At low oxygen levels these species reduce gill ventilation and rely primarily upon air-breathing (Graham et al., 1978). The oxygen consumption of Channapunctatus has been related with respiratory surface (Hakim et al, 1978), bimodal oxygen uptake in relation to body weight and season (Hakim et al., 1983; Ghoshet al., 1990), circadian rhythm (Munshiet al., 1979) and development of air-breathing organ (Singh et al., 1982). Variations in oxygen consumption on exposure to toxicants are supposed to be due to filtration rate of ciliary activity. Therefore filtration rate affected by the effluents change the level of gill irritation in turn affecting the oxygen uptake. High concentrations of toxic substance have been reported to reduce filtration efficiencies in fishes. For water-breathing fish, toxicity of a wide range of substances increases as dissolved oxygen decreases (Lloyd. 1961). Lloyd (1961) proposed that this increase in toxicity is due to an increased rate of ventilation in hypoxic water. But in bimodal species, the hypoxic condition causes a decrease in toxicity. At low O levels, these species reduce gill ventilation and rely primarily upon air-breathing. (Grahamd., 1978). In the presence of a toxin there was an increased metabolic rate (for a short while) in fishes. It is evident that sewage and industrial effluents, if present in higher amounts, can cause mass mortality in Pande and Das. 1983). The rate of oxygen consumption in fishes has been considered as an indication of metabolism (Fry, 1971; Lalet al., 1984).It is evident that quantity the aquatic, aerial and bimodal oxygen uptake of differing fish weights at variousintervals10 analyse the variations in the circadian rhythm of bimodal respiration after sewage wasteexposure, to determine the effectermine the effect of sewage exposure on the aerial respiration.