International Conference

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COMPARATIVE TOXICITY OF COPPER (II) OXIDE NANOPARTICLES WITH ITS BULK COUNTERPART IN AN INDIAN MAJOR CARP LABEO ROHITA
(TamilNadu Agricultural University, 2016) Krishnapriya K; Ramesh M
Nanotoxicology was a new branch of science which dealt with the fate of the nanoparticles in the environment and its harmful effects on nontarget organisms. The metallic copper (CuSO4) is a well known toxicant to aquatic organisms especially to fishes. As the size of the metal decrease to nano level, its surface to volume ratio would increase. This resulted in drastic changes in its physical, biochemical, catalytic and toxicity properties. In the view of the above context the present study was aimed to compare the toxicity of copper and nano form of copper in a freshwater fish Labeo rohita using certain biomarkers.
ECOLOGY OF TUTICORIN AND VEMBAR GROUP OF ISLANDS, GULF OF MANNAR
(Dr. G. Lakshmanan for International Conference on Bio- Commerce 2019, 2019-03-14) M, Sheeba; T, Mohanraj
The present study deals with the assessment of various ecological parameters such as temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, light penetration depth (LPD), calcium carbonate, organic matter and sand-silt-clay composition of the Tuticorin and Vembar group of Islands. The water and sediment samples were collected from the seven islands namely: Vaan, Kasuvar, Kariyachalli, Vilanguchalli, Upputhanni, Puluvinichalli and Nallathanni islands, during July 2009 and February 2010. The samples were then subjected to several physical and chemical investigations to know the ecological status of the study areas. Statistical analysis like Pearson Correlation matrix was performed using the collected data to identify the relationship between the studied parameters.
FISHES OF VAYAL NADU: ICHTHYODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION CHALLENGES IN A POORLY KNOWN REGION OF THE WESTERN GHATS
(Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India, 2019-10-17) Sreesha G; Anoop V K; Sasikala G; Rajeev Raghavan
Freshwater ecosystem and their biodiversity are the least understood and often overlooked component of global conservation. This study provides the first comprehensive account of the fish diversity of the rivers in the Wayanad hills to inform future conservation and management plans. A combination of methods including extensive field surveys, local ecological knowledge and geospatial threat mapping were done during the year 2013-2018. There were 76 species represented by 10 orders, 23 families and 54 genera. Sixty-four species are native species out of which 35 are endemic to Western Ghats, 6 endemic to Kerala and 3 endemic to Wayanad hills. Ten species comes under threatened, 4 critically endangered, 4 endangered, 2 vulnerable and 2 data deficient category on the IUCN red list. The major threats were pollution, overexploitation, urban development and alien invasive species. The generation of a species checklist and threat maps together with information on the need for policies will help bridge the knowledge gap regarding the ichthyofauna of a biodiversity-rich region of the Southern Western Ghats.
IDENTITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF APLOCHEILUSPARVUS, A POORLY-KNOWN FISH FROM SOUTHERN INDIA
(Unit of Aquatic Biotechnology and Live feed Culture, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, 2020-02-27) Sreesha G; Anoop V.K; Rajeev Raghavan; NeeleshDahanukar; Sasikala G
Killifish are brightly coloured small sexually dimorphic fish within the order Cyprinodontiformes. They have evolved annual life cycles and are diverse with nearly 1400 species worldwide within 14 families of 134 genera. Aplocheilusspp.is the only genus of killifish distributed in India, with six valid and several available names. In this present study, we investigate the identity and distribution of Aplocheilusparvus, a poorly-known species with very little information available after its original description, and questions on its identity and possible synonymy. Using an integrative approach of morphometrics, meristics and molecules, we clearly show the monophyly and distinctiveness of the species and diagnose it from other Aplocheilus species in India. Aplocheilusparvus is one of the smallest species within the genus, with a maximum length of around 40mm.Currently known from the Chembarambakkam Lake in Chennai, we provide updated information on the species distribution with range extending from Chennai to Kanyakumari along the East Coast and Ashtamudi Lake on the west coast of India.
INSECTICIDAL PROPERTIES OF CAPPARIS DIVARICATA LAM. AGAINST AEDES AEGYPTI LINN. AND SPODOPTERA LITURA FAB
(Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, 2018-08-31) Selvaraj Gandhimathy; Alagarmalai Jeyasankar
The plants hoard vital phytochemicals which have unique properties and functions have been used for human ailments and controlling pest is proven from earlier studies. The exploitation of plant phytochemical compounds for application in pest control can serve a potential alternative against synthetic chemicals. In this perspective the research work was attempted to explore the insecticidal properties of medicinal plant Capparis divaricata against crop insect Spodoptera litura and human vector Aedes aegypti. Plant collection, extraction methods, larvicidal and hemocyte analysis were carried out according to standard protocol with slight modifications. The petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts have been obtained by soaking method. The larvicidal activity on A. aegypti of IV instar and III instar larvae of S. litura was performed using various concentrations of three extracts. The treated S. litura haemocyte analysis was performed and the morphological changes of treated mosquito larvae and S. litura haemocytes were observed. The data analysis was done using SPSS 16.0. The larvicidal assay on A. aegypti revealed that the ethyl acetate extract and petroleum ether extract showed promising results of above 70% mortality where as chloroform showed mortality above 60%. The larvicidal activities of S. litura using these extracts indicate that the larvae have produced 20% mortality for ethyl acetate extract and less than 5% in other two extracts. However the extract has affected the adult development hence less than 40% of the adult was emerged from pupa which was evident from certain changes observed in the hemocyte morphology of S. litura. This preliminary work on the plant extract has found to be potential in affecting the insect cuticle of A. aegypti larvae and the adult development of S. litura. Detailed study of this plant extract is undertaken against similar insect species.
MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS' KNOWLEDGE ABOUT STATIC AND DYNAMIC ARTEFACTS STUDIED THROUGH THEIR DRAWINGS AND DESCRIPTIONS
(MacMillan/Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education, TIFR, 2009-01) Gandhimathy Selvaraj; Ritesh Khunyakari; Chitra Natarajan
This paper reports a study of students' understanding of artefacts through their drawings and descriptions. The experimental design of the study carried out with 12 middle School students (ages 11- 13 years) involved four stages: pre-test, intervention and post-test, followed by a semi-structured interview of each student. The intervention activities engaged students in filling a questionnaire by estimating and measuring dimensions of a variety of artefacts of common shapes and sizes, writing their descriptions, and in repairing a bicycle. The study analysed students' paper-pencil productions in the tests and the questionnaire, and audio and video data collected during the intervention and interviews. The effect of the intervention on the nature of depictions of proportions and dimensional attributes in the drawings depended on the context of problem solving. Interviews helped to make explicit the meanings ascribed by students to the descriptions and the strategies used by them in their object depictions. The study highlights the importance of engaging students in authentic contexts of problem solving, and making drawings in such contexts.
REUSE OF FISH SCALES INTO PRODUCTS
(Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India, 2019-02-21) Sasikala G; Sreesha G; Veena V; Sreyasa R; Mahaalakshmi A; Diviya V T; Indhu N; Keerthika A; Nivetha B; Subheeksha G
There are 22,000 species of fish in the world and out of which India contributes to 11% of the total species. India is the second largest producer of fish and has an increasing demanding population for the same. Fisheries is one of the leading economic sectors of India and provides job opportunities to many. The average consumption of fish at the local fish market is at peak during the weekends. Once the fish is bought, the scales are removed at the market and is disposed in a dumping site. Hence, we collected the scales from the fish market and processed it into products such as earring, bracelets, key-chains, paper-weight, glue and a night lamp. It was used to create various arts and crafts work by just using basic raw materials that is readily available at the laboratory. Since fish scales already have beautiful patterns (Ctenoid, Ganoid, Cycloid) etc., the process was much simpler. Reusing of fish scales not only reduces solid waste but also is an additional source of income to the fishermen community. This innovate idea serves as an entrepreneurial asset to all.
SEWAGE INDUCED CHANGES IN THE RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY OF FISH, PANGASIUSPANGASIUS
(Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India in Association with International Foundation for Environment and Ecology, Kolkata, in collaboration with Confederation of Indian Universities, New Delhi, 2016-03-07) Sasikala G; Palanisamy P; AlisRega S
The pools, ponds, creeks and also the torrential streams often either dry out during summer or their homes muddy, highly hypoxic and hypercarpic. Under such ecologically adverse conditions therea very interesting group of fish which have a bimodal gas exchange mechanism where the air breathing organ exchanges with the air, while the gill and/or skin exchanges gases with water. The effect of arious pollutants on the respiratory physiology of fishes havebeen investigated in recent years by several workers (Hughes, 1975; Waiwood and Johnson, 1974; Kawatshi and McDonald, 1974; Lunnet al., 1976, Singh and Singh, 1979). The intimate contact of gill with waterborne pollutants may lead to alterations in the respiratory surface area (Singh and Singh, 1979) and in turn lowering the diffusing capacity of gills. At low oxygen levels these species reduce gill ventilation and rely primarily upon air-breathing (Graham et al., 1978). The oxygen consumption of Channapunctatus has been related with respiratory surface (Hakim et al, 1978), bimodal oxygen uptake in relation to body weight and season (Hakim et al., 1983; Ghoshet al., 1990), circadian rhythm (Munshiet al., 1979) and development of air-breathing organ (Singh et al., 1982). Variations in oxygen consumption on exposure to toxicants are supposed to be due to filtration rate of ciliary activity. Therefore filtration rate affected by the effluents change the level of gill irritation in turn affecting the oxygen uptake. High concentrations of toxic substance have been reported to reduce filtration efficiencies in fishes. For water-breathing fish, toxicity of a wide range of substances increases as dissolved oxygen decreases (Lloyd. 1961). Lloyd (1961) proposed that this increase in toxicity is due to an increased rate of ventilation in hypoxic water. But in bimodal species, the hypoxic condition causes a decrease in toxicity. At low O levels, these species reduce gill ventilation and rely primarily upon air-breathing. (Grahamd., 1978). In the presence of a toxin there was an increased metabolic rate (for a short while) in fishes. It is evident that sewage and industrial effluents, if present in higher amounts, can cause mass mortality in Pande and Das. 1983). The rate of oxygen consumption in fishes has been considered as an indication of metabolism (Fry, 1971; Lalet al., 1984).It is evident that quantity the aquatic, aerial and bimodal oxygen uptake of differing fish weights at variousintervals10 analyse the variations in the circadian rhythm of bimodal respiration after sewage wasteexposure, to determine the effectermine the effect of sewage exposure on the aerial respiration.
STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS AND FISH PRODUCTION IN SELECTED LAKES OF COIMBATORE
(Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India in Association with International Foundation for Environment and Ecology, Kolkata, in collaboration with Confederation of Indian Universities, New Delhi, 2016-03-07) Sasikala G; Radha R.P; AlisRega S
The accumulation of heavy metals in aquatic fauna surviving in the brought hazards to the speedy urbanization and in ecosystem contaminated with a wide range of pollutants is a matter of concern and had posed a serious threat to the survival in the ecosystem. At present, the pollution has become a serious threat, and hasgrowing population as well as the earth/environment (Yousafzaiet al., 2010). The industrialization has led to increased disposal of pollutants like heavy metals and various types of organic and inorganic substances into the environment (Ghoshet al.,2007). It has been cited that the heavy metals constitute the major pollutants in the environment. The present study was to determine the contents of heavy metals and biochemical parameters of muscles in two commonly cultivable fishes, Labeorohita and Tilapia tilapia. To evaluate the relationship between the water quality parameters and fish production. The fish samples (Labeorohita and Tilapia tilapia) used in the experiment were caught using gill nets, cast nets and fishing lines. Sampling was performed in July 2014. Fish samples obtained were immediately kept in pre-cleaned polythene bags, which were sealed and kept in an ice box until further analysis. The analysis was performed in the Department of Zoology, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore. The water samples were collected from Ukkadam lake and Singanullur lake situated in Coimbatore district, Tamilnadu. The water samples were further analyzed for physicochemical parameters using standard methods prescribed for the analysis. To minimize contamination, all the materials used in the experiments were previously washed in ultra pure water, and a stainless steel knife was used to cut the tissues. Before analysis the fish were thawed and a 0.5 g sample was taken from each tissue (Muscle, gill, skin, intestine and liver). Based on the results of the present investigation, the levels of metals bioaccumulated by FAO, FEPA and WHO. Heavy metals contents ofLabeorohita and Tilapia tilapia did not exceed the permissible limits set for heavy metalsCPA and WHO. Therefore, these fishes did not pose any threat to human upon their consumption. The present study, due to the bioaccumulation of heavy metals like Iron and Zinc in the tissues of LabeoMd of Singanallur lake fish, there are a variations in the biochemical contents. High bioaccumulation ofZinc results in elevation of carbohydrates and depletion of fats and proteins. Similarly in theIron and Zinc in the tissues of Tilapia tilapia results in elevation of fats and results in elevation of carbohydrates in Tilapia tilapia, there is a variation in the biochemical content. High bioaccumulation of Copper elevation of fats and proteins and depletion of carbohydrates. High bioaccumulation of leadon of carbohydrates and depletion of fat and protein in the tissues of fish.
VIBRANT AMBIENT INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR TRAFFIC CONGESTION CONTROL IN COIMBATORE CITY (VAISTC4)
(World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society (WSEAS), 2010-02-20) N, Sudha Bhuvaneswari; S, Sujatha; R, Yamuna
Ambient Intelligence (AmI) refers to electronic environments that are sensitive and responsive to the presence of people. Ambient intelligence is closely related to the long term vision of an intelligent service system in which technologies are able to automate a platform embedding the required devices for powering context aware,personalized, adaptive and anticipatory services. Ambient intelligence is a vision on the future of consumer electronics, telecommunications and computing that was originally developed in the late 1990s for the time frame 2010-2020. This paper on Vibrant Ambient Intelligence with Agents based Service Oriented Approach focuses on the ambient intelligence environment of managing the traffic congestion control in Coimbatore city through VAISTC4 proposal without crippling the mobility of users using Mobile Internet Protocol Version 6(IPV6). It also discusses on the benefit of coupling service-oriented approach and multi-agent systems towards more appropriate interactions with users. With the advancement in Mobile Computing Technology the number and diversity of sensors being carried by people have increased that has made humans to behave like computers in their social context where privacy poses a greater issue. This paper also provides a solution on how the privacy context of an individual can be cherished using privacy mapping approach.
WHY DO YOU NEGLECT, IF YOU TRULY KNOW THE BEAUTY?
(Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Science, Kochi, Kerala, India, 2019-11-28) Sreesha G; Anoop V K; Rajeev Raghavan; Sasikala G
Western Ghats, one of the eight hottest hotspots of global biological diversity, harbors exceptionally high freshwater fish diversity and endemism. Approximately, 320 species of freshwater fishes are known from the Western Ghats of which 60% are endemic to the region and one-third are threatened under various IUCN Red List categories. Getting attention and priority is the primary step for effective species conservation. Species that are perceived as ‘beautiful’ receive more attention than ‘less attractive’ species. Most endemic and threatened fishes of the Western Ghats are not attractive, thereby receiving less or no attention. Here, we expose the beauty of some of the attractive and ‘eye catching’ fishes of Western Ghats to highlight the importance and value of threatened species, that co-occur with them. The present study is an alternative approach of conservation, primarily directed to the designing method inspired from pattern and colouration of fish scales. We use some of the brightly coloured attractive fishes of Western Ghats as a model organism to conserve co-occurring endemic and threatened fishes. Live colouration and scale patterns were used to create digital designs for use in products such as dresses, photo frames, postcards, book covers, mugs, earrings, bracelets, key chains etc. This study is an innovative approach to conserve freshwater fishes of Western Ghats by focusing on species aesthetics. There is an urgent need to raise the attention of people towards less attractive and charismatic species to better appreciate and protect the species that critically support the functional diversity of an ecosystem.