Department of Botany
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Item PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF ENDOLICHENIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM HYPOTRACHYNA INFIRMA (KUROK.) HALE(International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2022-08) Gokilavani, R; Banu, H.RThe aim of this study is to investigate of phytopharmaceutical importance of endolichenic fungi isolated from Hypotrachyna infirma (Kurok.) Hale. Methods: The lichen species were collected from Sholaiyar hills, Coimbatore and identified as Hypotrachyna infirma (Kurok.)Hale. From this lichen, 29 endolichenic fungi were isolated and 13 endolichenic fungi were identified. From the identified endolichenic fungi, 26 extracts were prepared by successive solvent extraction methods using Ethyl acetate and chloroform. Results: The phytochemical study revealed the presence of important constituents like Alkaloids, Tannins, Carbohydrates, Phenols, Protein, Terpenoids, Steroids, Glycosides Flavonoids and Saponins. From the 13 endolichenic fungi, only 5 endolichenic fungi (Nigrospora oryzae (Berkand Broome)Petch, Geotrichum candidum Link, Scytalidium lignicola pesante, Aspergillus oryzae(Ahlb.) cohn, Aspergillus niger Gr.) have more constitutents. These 5 endolichenic fungi have good results in Quantitative analysis also. Conclusion: Compared to ethyl acetate extracts Chloroform extracts showed very less concentration of the phytochemicals. From this study we conclutated Nigrospora oryzae (Berk and Broome) Petch gave the best results in both qualitative and quantitative compared to other endolichenic fungi.Item PLANT DERIVED EXOSOME- LIKE NANOVESICLES: AN UPDATED OVERVIEW(Elsevier B.V, 2023-02) Subha D; Harshnii K; Madhikiruba K.G; Nandhini M; Tamilselvi K.SExosomes are nanovesicles in the size range of 30–150 nm, produced by mammalian and plant cells. They have the lipid bilayer enclosing a unique mix of biologically active components including proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites and lipids, that depend on their source of origin. The plant derived nanovesicles are gaining considerable research attention due to their ability to be absorbed from the dietary sources. Their bioactive components impart many therapeutic properties to them such as anti-tumorigenic, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective effects and tissue regeneration. The possibilities of using plant derived exosomes for drug delivery is also promising. This review focusses on the biogenesis and biological nature of exosomes derived from plants and describes their various inherent therapeutic properties. It sheds light on the recently developed methods to study them. The existing challenges in the exosomal research as well as the future prospective are highlighted. Overall, it is an update on the advancements on the research in plant exosomes which can provide a replacement for toxic synthetic drugs and possibilities for disease therapy.Item PLANT DERIVED EXOSOME- LIKE NANOVESICLES: AN UPDATED OVERVIEW(Elsevier, 2023-02) Subha D; Harshnii K; Madhikiruba K G; Nandhini M; Tamilselvi K SExosomes are nanovesicles in the size range of 30–150 nm, produced by mammalian and plant cells. They have the lipid bilayer enclosing a unique mix of biologically active components including proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites and lipids, that depend on their source of origin. The plant derived nanovesicles are gaining considerable research attention due to their ability to be absorbed from the dietary sources. Their bioactive components impart many therapeutic properties to them such as anti-tumorigenic, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective effects and tissue regeneration. The possibilities of using plant derived exosomes for drug delivery is also promising. This review focusses on the biogenesis and biological nature of exosomes derived from plants and describes their various inherent therapeutic properties. It sheds light on the recently developed methods to study them. The existing challenges in the exosomal research as well as the future prospective are highlighted. Overall, it is an update on the advancements on the research in plant exosomes which can provide a replacement for toxic synthetic drugs and possibilities for disease therapy.Item IN VITRO REGENERATION OF PHOLIDOTA PALLIDA LINDL. (ORCHIDACEAE)(Indian Journals.com, 2019-07-16) Gladies E Sharone; Krishnaveni T; Devi Chithra B SOrchids exhibit a wide range of diversity in forms, size, colour and texture of flowers beyond the imagination of human mind. Orchids grow in nature through seeds but in the absence of appropriate hosts, they do not germinate in adequate number. This obstacle was overcome by adapting tissue culture technique for appropriate germination of orchids. In vitro techniques have been successfully carried out for the mass propagation of orchid plantlets. Hence, a preliminary study was carried out to develop a suitable protocol for mass multiplication of Pholidota pallida. MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium was found to be suitable for the asymbiotic seed germination of Pholidota pallida. MS medium supplemented with IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid), IBA (Indole-3butyric acid), BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) and KIN (Kinetin) individually and in combinations induced direct protocorm like bodies. Hormone-free MS basal medium was found suitable for the conversion of PLBs (protocorm-like bodies) into complete plantletsItem ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES FROM DENDROBIUM CRUMENATUM SW. AND DENDROBIUM NODOSUM DALZELL (ORCHIDACEAE)(Indian Journals.com, 2021-01-20) Gladies E Sharone; Mohan K C Dilna; Priya R Lakshmi; Devi B S ChithraOrchids rely on specific fungal association for seed germination and early growth. Apart from mycorrhizal fungi within orchid roots, many of the nonmycorrhizal endophytic fungi have also been reported. Although orchids host many non-mycorrhizal fungi in leaves, studies on such fungi especially in tropical and subtropical orchids have been few. The present study established the presence of non-mycorrhizal fungi in leaves of two orchids Dendrobium crumenatum Sw. and Dendrobium nodosum Dalzell. The endophytic colonies were separated from leaf segments and cultured under laboratory conditions for extraction of the DNA. The DNA samples were sequenced using 18S rRNA ITS universal primers and the resultant data was analysed using NCBI BLAST tool. The sequence of the fungus isolated from Dendrobium crumenatum (513bp) showed 95% similarity to Aspergillus flavus and that of Dendrobium nodosum (556bp) had 96% similarity to Rhizopus oryzaeItem IN VITRO REGENERATION OF ARUNDINA GRAMINIFOLIA (D. DON) HOCHR(Plant Archives, 2021-04) Sharone gladies E; Chithra Devi B.SWe can see Orchids come in a wide variety of shapes, sizes, colours, and textures far beyond the human mind’s imagination. They emerge from seeds in nature, but in the absence of suitable hosts, they do not germinate in sufficient numbers. This problem was solved by using the tissue culture technique for its germination. One of the successful method used for mass propogation of orchid plantlets is in vitro techniques. Therefore, an initial analysis was conducted in order establish an appropriate procedure for mass multiplication of Arundina graminifolia. MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium was found to be suitable for the asymbiotic seed germination of Arundina graminifolia. Direct protocorm like bodies were induced by using combinations and individual supplement of MS medium with IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid), IBA (Indole-3- butyric acid), BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) and KIN (Kinetin). Hormone-free MS basal medium was found suitable for the conversion of PLBs (protocorm-like bodies) into complete plantletsItem BIOACTIVITY OF ENDEMIC ORCHIDS OF WESTERN GHATS; PHOLIDOTA PALLID LINDL AND ARUNDINA GRAMINIFOLIA (D. DON) HOCHR(Plant Archives, 2021-04) Sharone gladies E; Chithra Devi B.SPholidota pallida And Arundina graminifolia is an Endemic orchid species belongs to orchidaceae family. It is mainly found in Western Ghats of India. It is used to treat various diseases such as liver affection, wound healing, rheumatism, abdominal pain, ear pain, diabetes etc. The present study is to identify the phytochemicals, Anticancer, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and nanoparticle synthesis from leaves extract of Pholidota pallid and Arundina graminifolia. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Phenols, Sugar, Saponins, Flavonoids, Quinin’s and Steroids. While comparing Pholidota pallida possess more bioactivity than Arundina graminifolia.Item SLOW-GROWTH CONSERVATION- CRYOPRESERVATION AND ANALYSIS OF GENETIC STABILITY OF IN VITRO REGENERATED COELOGYNE NERVOSA A.RICH A ENDEMIC ORCHID(International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021-06) B S, Chithra Devi; A, Sangilimuthu; V, DaanyaCoelogyne Nervosa A. Rich., an endangered medicinal epiphyte (lithophyte) is a strict endemic of the Western Ghats distributed across Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. KC medium supplemented with 2,4-D is best suited for direct embryo induction from 80 days old protocorms. Hormone-free KC basal medium supported the conversion of somatic embryos into complete plantlets. For the medium-term storage experiment, somatic embryos were placed on storage media containing various growth inhibitors (such as different levels of chlormequat, maleic hydrazide and paclobutrazol). They were stored for ten months to assess the percentage of survival. The surviving shoots were transferred to the recovery medium for eight weeks. At 8°C, the highest survival rate was observed with ABA at 0.2 mg L−1. For cryopreservation: droplet-vitrification best results were obtained when the somatic embryos, after 20 days of subculture were immersed in an osmoprotectant solution. Osmo-protected samples were immersed in PVS2 (15% ethylene glycol and 15% DMSO) at 0°C for 30 min. Pre-prepared Somatic embryos were plunged into cryovials for one day. Regrowth levels were as high as 70%. DNA samples extracted from leaves of the mother plant, somatic embryos without storage, regenerates of slow growth preservation and cryopreservation. The samples were analysed by DNA based molecular marker – inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and found no genetic changes during the cryopreservation process.Item PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF THE LEAVES OF ANTIARIS TOXICARIA, (LESCH)(Semantic Scholar, 2016) Kemila P; Krishnaveni CAntiaris toxicaria Lesch. commonly known as bark cloth tree. Its medicinal value is yet unexplored, hence this study forms a basis for the active components present in it and further isolation of the compound. The preliminary phytochemical screening in different solvent extracts of Antiaris toxicaria leaves, collected in the area Anaikatti, Coimbatore District exhibited variations in the presence of phytocompounds depends upon the polarity of solvents, the methanolic extract showed the presence of all phytoconstituents except alkaloids. In the present study, the methanol extract showed good antibacterial activity than chloroform and water extracts. It revealed that the methanol was the most effective solvent for the antibacterial activity. In antifungal activity, the aqueous and methanol extract showed good activity against Cuvularia lunata and Aspergillus flavus in which the zone of inhibition was higher against Aspergillus flavus.Item SURVEY OF ETHNO MEDICINAL PLANTS, NILGIRI BIOSPHERE NATURE PARK AT THUVAIPATHY, ANAIKATTI, COIMBATORE, TAMILNADU, INDIA(Plant Archives, 2019) Hemila P; Krishnaveni CAn ethno medicinal Survey was conducted to collect information about medicinal plants used by Thuvaipathy tribal village people located in the forest area. About 180 medicinal plants are used in various health problems; Majority of the plant parts are stem, bark and leaves. The most representative families were Caesalpinaceae and Moraceae with 13 species each, Euphorbiaceae, and Mimosaceae with 9 species, Sapindaceae and Bignnoniaceae with 8 species each and Annonaceae and Apocynaceae with 6 species. The other families had 5 and below 5 species each associated with the treatment of the reports. The plants were found to be used in different forms such as juice, extracts, paste, powder, infusion. These ethno medicinal plants were used to treat ailments like cold, cough, headache, stomachache, dysentery, skin disease, poison bites, cut and wounds and diabetes.