Department of Botany
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Item BIOPLASTICS– UTILISATION OF VEGETABLE AND FRUIT WASTE FOR THE USE OF GREEN APPLICATIONS(Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology, Bhuj, 2020-03-07) Rubalakshmi S; Uma EThe major sources of land pollution include plastics, metal and glass containers, food wrapping, worn-out machinery, old furniture, garbage, etc. Plastics have become a large environmental problem. However, it is slow to degrade. The plastics in excess produced will be deposited as landfill and are degraded very slowly, which can cause the original products to remain in the landfills for hundreds or even thousands of year. The prominence of plastic pollution is correlated with plastics being economical and durable, which lends to high levels of plastics used by humans and plastic pollution, can unfavorably affect lands, waterways and oceans. In order to reduce the usage of Plastics, currently Bioplastics are produced from the agricultural and vegetable wastes. Bioplastics are plastic materials produced from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, straw, woodchips, sawdust, recycled food waste, etc. Bioplastic can be made from agricultural by-products and other containers using microorganisms. At present we could see the use of conventional plastic in every corner of the world, but their use raises serious environmental issues and public irritation because of their non-degradable nature. Hence, nowadays it is indispensable to have a potential bioplastic material in alternate over the conventional plastics. The bioplastic obtained will be environmentally friendly, trendy, user friendly and degradation tractable properties. There were plenty of reports on bioplastic synthesis using vegetable and fruit waste, however, there are less reports on tractability biodegradation, thus produced biodegradation tractable plastic could play vital role in the market for the sustainable use and commercial value added product development. The bioplastic produced through this method could be substantial and the biodegradable tractability is one of the main challenges in developing bio plastic material. The current report has made an effort towards the synthesis and characterization these types of natural polymeric material. Certainly, the research is a long way to go for both economic and environmental friendly products using bioplastic materials or bio polymer.Item MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (LDPE) BY FUNGUS ISOLATED FROM LANDFILL SOIL(Avinashilingam institute for home science and higher education, Coimbatore, 2019-12-18) Jeeva Dharshni S; Kanchana MPlastics are natural or synthetic represent the class of polymeric substances. A stable increase in the use of plastic products has accelerated the pollution. Several attempts have been made to control the problem at large by resorting to both chemical and biological methods. Eradication of pollution by chemical methods leads to many side effects such as, release of toxic chemicals and gases into the atmosphere. Therefore an alternative method must be identified and it should be eco-friendly manner. Hence a current study is focused on identify the biological method for the degradation of plastics without any side effects. Low density polyethylene polymer can be degraded by microorganisms or enzymes by means of cutting down the molecular chains. A low density polyethylene (LDPE) is one of the hazardous polymers used for the present study and makes it degrade fully in a rapid manner. There are two fungal strains Aspergillus sp. and Xylaria sp. were identified for their high degradable activity. After 30 days of incubation the efficacy of fungal isolates for their polymer degradation was determined through various parameters such as pH variation, Optical Density of the culture and estimation of CO2 during degradation process.Item BIODEGRADATION OF LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (LDPE) FILMS USING BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM PLASTIC DUMPED SOIL(St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai, 2019-11-28) Jeeva Dharshni S; Kanchana MPlastic are one of the most widely used materials and in most cases, they are designed to have long life time. Though plastics have become cosmopolitan, now days, they are very hazardous and should be disposed off, properly. Land filling, incineration and recycling are the most common methods employed for the disposal of plastics and all methods have their own environmental and health hazards. So, biodegradation will be the right choice for the proper disposal of plastic wastes. Soil samples from the compost yard have the rich consortia of biodegrading microbes. These samples were inoculated into nutrient agar medium with plastic as the sole carbon source for the isolation of the plastic degrading strains. Characterization of bacterial strains was done based on morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization. The process of biodegradation was observed at regular interval for 90 days in a synthetic medium containing Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) films. The bacterial isolates,Bacillus spandPseudomonas spwere able to reduce the weight of the polymer up to 0.3% and 0.6% respectively. Degradation was monitored by observing weight loss and changes in physical structure by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy.Item ISOLATION AND DEGRADATION OF MONOSTAR INSECTICIDE DEGRADING BACTERIA FROM AGRICULTURAL SOIL AND ITS GROWTH RESPONSE(Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, 2017-10-09) Jeeva Dharshni S; Kanchana MGeneral agricultural use of pesticides carries with it potential hazards to man and directly by exposure to toxic residues in food and indirectly to the environment. An effort is undertaken in the present study for developing active microbial strains that could be of relevant in bioremediation of pesticides contaminated soil. The bacterial isolates were screened through biochemical and microbial analysis from the soil of agricultural land in Omalur region, Tamil nadu. An efficient strain having organophosphorus - Monostar insecticide (monocrotophos) degrading ability was isolated and identified on the basis of 16S rDNA sequence analysis as Bacillus thuringiensis. The isolated sequences were submitted in NCBI (national centre for biotechnological information) for the analysis of homology. As a result the Bacillus thuringiensis sequences of BLAST shows the 100 % similarity with Bacillus cereusItem BIODEGRADATION OF POLYTHENE BAG USING BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM SOIL(Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, 2018-08-07) Jeeva Dharshni S; Kanchana MPlastic are one of the most widely used materials and in most cases, they are designed to have long life time. Though plastics have become cosmopolitan, now days, they are very hazardous and should be disposed properly. Land filling, incineration and recycling are the most common methods employed for the disposal of plastics with the side effects of environmental and health hazards. So, biodegradation will be the right choice for the disposal of plastic wastes. Soil samples from the compost yard have the rich consortia of biodegrading microbes. These samples were inoculated into nutrient agar medium with plastic as the sole carbon source for the isolation of the plastic degrading strains. Characterization of bacterial strains was done based on morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization. The process of biodegradation was observed at regular interval for 30 days in a synthetic medium containing LDPE films. The bacterial isolates,Actinomycetes sp, Bacillus mycoidesis, Bacillus subtilis,Brevundimonasdiminuta, Pseudomonas putidaandPseudomonas stutzeriwere able to reduce the weight of the polymer up to 17%,14%, 30%, 22% 29% and 25% respectively. Degradation was monitored by observing weight loss and changes in physical structure by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy