Department of Botany
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Item ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF BULBOPHYLLUM NEILGHERRENSE WT. (ORCHIDACEAE). AN INVITRO STUDY(Ancient Science of Life, 2005-12) Priya K; Krishnaveni CThe antibacterial activity of Bulbophyllum neilgherrense was tested against five species of bacteria, viz., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida Aqueous, ethanolic and chloroform soluble extracts of leaf and pseudobulb (5.50 w/v) were screened for their antibacterial potential. The zone of inhibition was seen to be largest when alcoholic extract was used.Item INVESTIGATIONS ON MARINE ACTINOMYCETES FROM BAY OF BENGAL NEAR GANGAVARAM COAST OF ANDHRA PRADESH.(Association of Pharmaceutical Innovators, 2009) Kumari K S; Umadevi K; Apparao AllamBay of Bengal Ocean near Gangavaram coast of Andhra Pradesh, India was investigated as a source of actinomycetes to screen for the production of novel bioactive compounds. During our investigation on marine actinomycetes from 6 different marine samples, a total of 51 actinomycetes with distinct characteristics were isolated by plating on starch casein agar medium. The antimicrobial and enzymatic activities were studied for all the isolates. The preliminary study for antimicrobial activity by cross streak method indicated that 21 isolates (41.1%) have excellent antagonistic properties. All these 21 isolates were subjected to detailed submerged fermentation studies. It was observed that 12 isolates (23.5%) exhibited antibacterial activity, 9 isolates (17.6%) showed antifungal activity while 3 isolates (5.8%) showed both antibacterial and antifungal activities. All the isolates were also subjected for the determination of enzymatic activities. 41 isolates (80.3%) exhibited amylolytic activity while 48 isolates (94.1%) showed proteolytic activity.Item RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF WHEAT DOUGH IN SOME HEXAPLOID INDIAN WHEAT VARIETIES(Akademiai kiados, 2007-06-01) K, Gajalakshmi; V R K, ReddyThe dough characteristics of fifty popular Indian hexaploid wheat varieties were assessed by testing various rheological properties using a Brabender Farinograph and an Extensograph. These studies were aimed at evaluating the flour quality and functionality of the wheat dough. Based on the rheological dough properties of 50 Indian hexaploid wheat varieties it was recommended that 13 wheats could be useful for blending purposes, 31 varieties could be used for both bread and chapatti making, and the remaining 6 wheats were found suitable for biscuit making. The outcome of the experiments will be useful for plant breeders, millers and bakers.Item OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR LIPASE PRODUCTION BY ASPERGILLUS TERREUS USING COTTON SEED OIL AS SUBSTRATE(SNMV College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, 2009-01-28) Sumathi R; Meerabai R SFungi isolated from soil where screened for exogenous lipolytic activity. The highest lipase activity was found in an isolate of Aspergillus terreus. Optimal cultural conditions influencing the growth and production of extra cellular lipase from this fungus was investigated. The lipase yield was maximum on day 5 of incubation, when the medium was supplemented with maltose and cotton seed oil as carbon source and potassium nitrate as nitrogen source, at pH 4 and at a temperature of 400 C. The possibility of using the lipase thus produced for transesterification of cotton seed oil to biodiesel was investigated.Item BIO-DIESEL – AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL(PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, 2005-12-07) Sumathi R; Meerabai R SIndia is one of the countries in the world with billions of population and faces problems in this regard to the fuel requirement for increased transportation demand and now imports about 70% of its petroleum requirement. The current year consumption of diesel in India is approximately 40 million tons forming 40% of the total petroleum products consumption. The potential demand for biodiesel at 20% blend is estimated at 13.38 million tons by 2012. Indian oil corporation and Indian railways intend to use biodiesel in large quantities. The government is encouraging corporate and entrepreneurs to set-up biodiesel plants. Formers can develop and utilize waste lands and improve incomes, rural women labour will have more employment opportunities and soil fertility and the conditions will improveItem THE MYCORRHIZAL STATUS OF SOUTH INDIAN EPIPHYTIC ORCHIDS(The Postgraduate & Research Department of Botany, St. Thomas College, Kozhencherry, Kerala, India, 2009-10-28) Sathiyadash K; Uma E; Muniappan V; Sarah jaison; Muthukumar TThe study is to screen certain orchid species growing naturally in southern India for their mycorrhizal status and to assess the role of root morphology in determining the mycorrhizal status of orchidsItem ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL ASSOCIATIONS IN ZINGIBERACEAE AND COSTACEAE(The Postgraduate & Research Department of Botany, St. Thomas College, Kozhencherry, Kerala, India, 2009-10-28) Uma E; Sathiyadash K; Muniappan V; Sarah jaison; Muthukumar TWe provide information on the AM fungi incidence exclusively in Zingiberaceae and Costaceae, which will provide an opportunity to extend our knowledge on the AM association in these plant familiesItem ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL MORPHOLOGY IN SPOROPHYTE OF PSILOTUM NUDUM(Phytomorphology: An International Journal of Plant Morphology, Scientific Publishers, 2009) Muthukumar T; Sathiyadash K; Uma E; Muniappan VThe mycorrhizal structures of the sporophyte of Psilotum nudum were studied by light microscopy. Further, the nature of the fungal associate was characterized through trap-culture technique. The fungal entry into the rhizome was mainly through the rhizoids with occasional direct entry through the epidermis. The fungal colonization resembling the Paristype of mycorrhiza was restricted to the cortex with the rhizome tip and the stele free of any colonization. The transversing hyphae formed coils in the host cells with intracellular vesicles, but arbuscules were absent. Single hyphae arising from the coils penetrated the neighbouring cells with a hyphal constriction at the host cell wall region. Intact and collapsed hyphal coils were found in different cells and no recolonization of the host cells was observed. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores belonging to Acaulospora scrobiculata, Glomus aggregatum and Glomus geosporum were isolated from the trap cultures and also from the soil in which P. nudum occurredItem AUXIN PRETREATMENT PROMOTES REGENERATION OF SUGARCANE (SACCHARUM SPP. HYBRIDS) MIDRIB SEGMENT EXPLANTS(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2006-11-01) Franklin G; Arvinth S; Sheeba C J; Kanchana M; Subramonian NWe have developed a new, simple, quick and genotype-independent method for direct regeneration of sugarcane using novel midrib segment explants. Our protocol involves two steps: the pretreatment of starting material on MS (Murashige and Skoog (1962) Physiol Plant 15:473–497) medium containing 3.0 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for 8 days under continuous dark and subsequent transfer of the explants to MS medium augmented with 0.1 mg/l benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) under light-dark conditions. On the regeneration medium, numerous globular structures appeared from the explants and subsequently differentiated into shoots. Regenerated shoots attained 2–5 cm height within 30 days of culture initiation and readily rooted on MS basal medium. Hardened plants were successfully established in the greenhouse. The regulation of sugarcane morphogenesis by auxin pretreatment is discussedItem ENGINEERING SUGARCANE CULTIVARS WITH BOVINE PANCREATIC TRYPSIN INHIBITOR (APROTININ) GENE FOR PROTECTION AGAINST TOP BORER (SCIRPOPHAGA EXCERPTALIS WALKER)(Springer-Verlag, 2009-02-01) Leela Amala Christy; S, Arvinth; M, Saravanakumar; M, Kanchana; N, Mukunthan; J, Srikanth; George Thomas; N, SubramonianThe inhibitory activity of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (aprotinin), a natural polypeptide and a proteinase inhibitor, was demonstrated on gut proteinases of three lepidopteran borers of sugarcane using commercially available aprotinin. A synthetic gene coding for aprotinin, designed and codon optimized for better expression in plant system (Shantaram 1999), was transferred to two sugarcane cultivars namely CoC 92061 and Co 86032 through particle bombardment. Aprotinin gene expression was driven by maize ubiquitin promoter and the plant selection marker used was hygromycin resistance. The integration, expression and functionality of the transgene was confirmed by Southern, Western and insect bioassay, respectively. Southern analysis showed two to four integration sites of the transgene in the transformed plants. Independent transgenic events showed varied levels of transgene expression