Department of Botany

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Author: search.filters.author.Uma EStart date: 2000

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    ASYMBIOTIC SEED GERMINATION, MYCORRHIZATION AND SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT OF ACAMPAE PRAEMORSA (ROXB.) BLATT. & MC CANN, A COMMON SOUTH INDIAN ORCHID
    (Elsevier- Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction, 2013-06-20) Sathiyadash K; Muthukumar T; Bala Murugan S; Sathishkumar R; Uma E; Jaison S; Priyadharsini P
    To develop conservation strategies for orchid species. Methods Seeds of Acampae praemorsa (Roxb.) Blatt. Mc Cann ( A. praemorsa ) were obtained from mature pods collected from Velliangiri hills and germinated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentration of Benzylaminopurine (BAP). Results Maximum seed germination (85%) was observed on MS media supplemented with 2 mg/L BAP. Seed germination percentage increased with increasing concentrations of BAP (0.5 mg/L to 2 mg/L), but 3 mg/L of BAP inhibited seed germination. Variations observed were significantly ( P ex vitro conditions. Conclusions In present study all the mycorrhizal seedlings survived, because orchid mycorrhizal fungi enhance growth of orchid plantlets and present study gives an effective protocol for seed germination and plantlet regeneration from immature seeds which can be used for establishing A. praemorsa populations in Velliangiri Hills and elsewhere.
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    MORPHOLOGY, ANATOMY AND MYCORRHIZAE IN SUBTERRANEAN PARTS OF ZEUXINE GRACILIS (ORCHIDACEAE)
    (University of Murcia, Spain-Anales de Biologia, 2011-12-14) Muthukumar T; Uma E; Karthikeyan A; Sathiyadash K; Jaison S; Priyadharsini P; Ishworani C; Muniappan V
    Zeuxine gracilis (Berda) Bl., is an endemic, terrestrial green orchid whose morphology, anatomy and mycorrhizal status is unknown. So we investigated: (a) root and rhizome anatomy; (b) root hair characteristics and mycorrhizal colonization patterns in Z. gracilis plants collected from Western Ghats region of southern India. The prominent anatomical characters in the roots were: absence of velamen, spiranthosomes, and the presence of single layered exodermis and nine arched protoxylem. The rhizome had an uniseriate epidermis, abundant spiranthosomes in the inner cortical cells, a distinct endodermis with casparian strips and biseriate vascular bundles. The presence of fungi both in the roots and rhizomes was revealed. The entry of fungi was chiefly through root hairs and through epidermis in the rhizome. Fungi formed pelotons and monilioid cells in the root cortex. Additionally, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi characterized by the presence of aseptate hyphae, vesicles and spores were present occasionally in roots. The lack of arbuscules in Z. gracilis indicated the AM to be non functional.
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    BIOPLASTICS– UTILISATION OF VEGETABLE AND FRUIT WASTE FOR THE USE OF GREEN APPLICATIONS
    (Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology, Bhuj, 2020-03-07) Rubalakshmi S; Uma E
    The major sources of land pollution include plastics, metal and glass containers, food wrapping, worn-out machinery, old furniture, garbage, etc. Plastics have become a large environmental problem. However, it is slow to degrade. The plastics in excess produced will be deposited as landfill and are degraded very slowly, which can cause the original products to remain in the landfills for hundreds or even thousands of year. The prominence of plastic pollution is correlated with plastics being economical and durable, which lends to high levels of plastics used by humans and plastic pollution, can unfavorably affect lands, waterways and oceans. In order to reduce the usage of Plastics, currently Bioplastics are produced from the agricultural and vegetable wastes. Bioplastics are plastic materials produced from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, straw, woodchips, sawdust, recycled food waste, etc. Bioplastic can be made from agricultural by-products and other containers using microorganisms. At present we could see the use of conventional plastic in every corner of the world, but their use raises serious environmental issues and public irritation because of their non-degradable nature. Hence, nowadays it is indispensable to have a potential bioplastic material in alternate over the conventional plastics. The bioplastic obtained will be environmentally friendly, trendy, user friendly and degradation tractable properties. There were plenty of reports on bioplastic synthesis using vegetable and fruit waste, however, there are less reports on tractability biodegradation, thus produced biodegradation tractable plastic could play vital role in the market for the sustainable use and commercial value added product development. The bioplastic produced through this method could be substantial and the biodegradable tractability is one of the main challenges in developing bio plastic material. The current report has made an effort towards the synthesis and characterization these types of natural polymeric material. Certainly, the research is a long way to go for both economic and environmental friendly products using bioplastic materials or bio polymer.
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    THE MYCORRHIZAL STATUS OF SOUTH INDIAN EPIPHYTIC ORCHIDS
    (The Postgraduate & Research Department of Botany, St. Thomas College, Kozhencherry, Kerala, India, 2009-10-28) Sathiyadash K; Uma E; Muniappan V; Sarah jaison; Muthukumar T
    The study is to screen certain orchid species growing naturally in southern India for their mycorrhizal status and to assess the role of root morphology in determining the mycorrhizal status of orchids
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    ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL ASSOCIATIONS IN ZINGIBERACEAE AND COSTACEAE
    (The Postgraduate & Research Department of Botany, St. Thomas College, Kozhencherry, Kerala, India, 2009-10-28) Uma E; Sathiyadash K; Muniappan V; Sarah jaison; Muthukumar T
    We provide information on the AM fungi incidence exclusively in Zingiberaceae and Costaceae, which will provide an opportunity to extend our knowledge on the AM association in these plant families
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    MORPHOLOGY, ANATOMY AND MYCOTROPHY OF PSEUDOBULB ANDSUBTERRANEAN ORGANS IN EULOPHIA EPIDENDRAEA AND MALAXIS ACUMINATA (EPIDENDROIDEAE, ORCHIDACEAE)
    (Flora, 2015-10-03) Uma E; Rajendran R; Muthukumar T
    The pseudobulbs and subterranean organs (roots and rhizomes) of Eulophia epidendraea, and Malaxis acuminata in subfamily Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae) were investigated to determine morphology,anatomy and mycorrhizal occurrence. The examined sections showed the following common anatomi-cal characteristics. The pseudobulbs had a uniseriate epidermis. The assimilatory cells were scattered inthe form of mucilage/water storage cells in the ground tissue. The vascular bundles were collateral andembedded in the ground tissue. Raphides occurred as idioblasts. Rhizomes had an uniseriate epidermis,parenchymatous ground tissue differentiated into outer and inner zones with polygonal intercellularspaces. Vascular bundles scattered, collateral and discontinuous form in both the taxa. Aeration cellswere present in roots and rhizomes of M. acuminata. The transverse section of E. epidendraea roots hadmulti-layered velamen with spiral thickening followed by uniseriate exodermis with passage cells that had webbed tilosomes. The parenchymatous cortex contained raphides and water storage cells. Vascular bundles were 11–15 arched. Roots of M. acuminata had an uniseriate velamen, exodermis, parenchyma-tous cortex, endodermis and pericycle. The vascular bundles were radially arranged, and 11–12 arched.The xylem and phloem were embedded in sclerenchymatous tissue. The entry of the mycorrhizal fungiwas chiefly through root hairs in roots and epidermis in rhizomes of M. acuminata, and in E. epidendraea.Fungi formed pelotons in both the taxa and microsclerotia and monilioid cells in the root cortex of E.epidendraea. Additionally, Glomus- type vesicles were occasionally present in the roots of M. acuminata.Description of characteristics arising from this investigation may provide additional morphological andanatomical means of identification.
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    ROLE OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN ALLEVIATION OF ACIDITY STRESS IN PLANT GROWTH
    (Springer- NewYork, 2014) Muthukumar T; Priyadharsini P; Uma E; Jaison S; Pandey R R
    Soil acidity is a major constraint for crop production worldwide as nearly half of the potential arable lands are acidic. Plant productivity in acid soils is limited by toxic levels of aluminum (Al), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) as well as deficiencies of plant available nutrients, especially phosphorus (P). Plants have developed several morphological, biochemical, and physiological adaptations against acidity stress. Among these, symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is a strategy plants have evolved to survive and thrive in acid soils. The AM symbiosis increases plant growth in acid soils through enhanced uptake of nutrients. A reduction in Al and Mn phytotoxicities also occurs in response to AM symbiosis through a number of mechanisms such as binding of the toxic ions by the fungal hyphae, vesicles or auxiliary cells, exudation of organic acids, phosphatases, and production of glomalin. However, like plants, AM fungal species and ecotypes also vary to a great extent in their tolerance and ability to impart plant growth benefits in acid soils. It is, therefore, essential to identify suitable AM fungi that could confer tolerance and render maximum benefits to crops in acid soils.
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    ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL (AM) AND DARK SEPTATE ENDOPHYTE (DSE) FUNGAL ASSOCIATION IN LYCOPHYTES AND FERNS OF THE KOLLI HILLS, EASTERN GHATS, SOUTHERN INDIA
    (American Fern Journal, 2014) Muthuraja R; Muthukumar T; Sathiyadash K; Uma E; Priyadharsini P
    We examined the extent and type of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and dark septate endophyte (DSE) fungal associations in three lycophyte and 44 fern species collected from three different sites in the Kolli Hills, Eastern Ghats, southern India. Of the 47 plant taxa (belonging to 21 families and 33 genera) examined, 46 had AM fungal and 33 had DSE fungal associations. But, fungal structures were absent in the aquatic fern Azolla pinnata (Azollaceae). This is the first report of AM and DSE fungal status for 16 and 28 species, respectively. Among terrestrial lycophytes and ferns, 26 species had dual association of both AM and DSE fungi, whereas 11 species had only AM fungal association. Vittaria elongata from epiphytic habitats had dual association of AM and DSE fungi. Likewise, Cheilanthes tenuifolia (saxicolous or terrestrial), Cheilanthes opposita, Lepisorus nudus, Pyrrosia lanceolata (terrestrial or epiphytic), and Asplenium lanceolatum (saxicolous or epiphytic) examined from different sites or habitats also had dual association of AM and DSE fungi. Seventy two percent of the mycorrhizal lycophytes and ferns had intermediate-type AM and 15 percent had both Paris- and intermediate-types at different sites. Significant variations in AM fungal structures were evident in 16 ferns occurring in two or more sites. Nine AM fungal spore morphotypes belonging to Acaulospora, Funneliformis, Glomus, Gigaspora, and Sclerocystis were found to be associated with lycophytes and ferns
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    ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL AND DARK SEPTATE ENDOPHYTE FUNGAL ASSOCIATIONS IN FERNS AND LYCOPHYTES OF PALNI HILLS, WESTERN GHATS, SOUTHERN INDIA
    (Brazilian Journal of Botany, 2014) Muthukumar T; Sathiyaraj G; Priyadharsini P; Uma E; Sathiyadash K
    WWe assessed the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and dark septate endophyte (DSE) fungal associations in 57 ferns and 3 lycophytes (belonging to 15 families in 39 genera) of different life forms (epiphytic, saxicolous and terricolous) occurring in Palni Hills of Western Ghats. Fungal symbiosis was absent in all the three lycophytes examined. Fifty-five of the 57 ferns (91.66 %) examined had AM and 37 (64.91 %) had DSE fungal association. This is the first report on AM and DSE fungal association for 22 and 30 species, respectively. In addition, AM morphology was evaluated for the first time in 34 species. Sixty-five percentage of the mycorrhizal ferns had intermediate- type AM and 19.30 % had typical Paris-type AM morphology. Both Paris- and intermediate-type AM morphologies were observed in 10.53 % of ferns. The root length colonized by AM and DSE fungal structures significantly varied among species, and a significant negative relation existed between the root length colonized by AM and DSE fungi.
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    OCCURRENCE OF FOLIICOLOUS PARASITIC ALGA CEPHALEUROS VIRESCENS ON CULTIVATED ORNAMENTAL PLANTS IN SOUTHERN INDIA
    (Botanica Lithuanica, 2014) Muthukumar T; Uma E; Priyadharsini P
    The algal leaf spot, caused by Cephaleuros virescens Kunze, has been reported in a wide range of plant species from the tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. Investigations on the presence of algal infection mostly involved wild plants and plantation crops of economic interest. Nevertheless, limited studies have examined cultivated ornamental plants for the presence of C. virescens. During the summer and monsoon seasons of 2011 we examined ten leaves of five plants belonging to 86 ornamental plant taxa in 38 families growing in home gardens in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India for the algal presence. Nine of the 86 plant taxa were found to host the algae C. virescens. Although majority of the investigated species are considered as typical hosts of C. virescens, its infection was found only in nine plant species. Although the incidence of the algal leaf spot disease was in general low, there was significant variation in the frequency of occurrence of the algal lesions and the lesion size among the investigated plant taxa and seasons. On plants of five species (Alpinia purpurata, Ficus benjamina, Ficus elastica “Variegata”, Michelia champaca, Polyalthia longifolia), C. virescens was found during both seasons, while infections on the remaining four species (Aglaonema commutatum, Dieffenbachia maculata, Eucalyptus globulus, Syngonium podophyllum) were observed only during the monsoon. The susceptibility of different plant species in a genus and varieties of a species varied suggesting the host influence on the development of infections in addition to variation attributed to the local environmental conditions.