Department of Botany
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Item MORPHOLOGY, ANATOMY AND MYCORRHIZAE IN SUBTERRANEAN PARTS OF ZEUXINE GRACILIS (ORCHIDACEAE)(University of Murcia, Spain-Anales de Biologia, 2011-12-14) Muthukumar T; Uma E; Karthikeyan A; Sathiyadash K; Jaison S; Priyadharsini P; Ishworani C; Muniappan VZeuxine gracilis (Berda) Bl., is an endemic, terrestrial green orchid whose morphology, anatomy and mycorrhizal status is unknown. So we investigated: (a) root and rhizome anatomy; (b) root hair characteristics and mycorrhizal colonization patterns in Z. gracilis plants collected from Western Ghats region of southern India. The prominent anatomical characters in the roots were: absence of velamen, spiranthosomes, and the presence of single layered exodermis and nine arched protoxylem. The rhizome had an uniseriate epidermis, abundant spiranthosomes in the inner cortical cells, a distinct endodermis with casparian strips and biseriate vascular bundles. The presence of fungi both in the roots and rhizomes was revealed. The entry of fungi was chiefly through root hairs and through epidermis in the rhizome. Fungi formed pelotons and monilioid cells in the root cortex. Additionally, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi characterized by the presence of aseptate hyphae, vesicles and spores were present occasionally in roots. The lack of arbuscules in Z. gracilis indicated the AM to be non functional.Item THE MYCORRHIZAL STATUS OF SOUTH INDIAN EPIPHYTIC ORCHIDS(The Postgraduate & Research Department of Botany, St. Thomas College, Kozhencherry, Kerala, India, 2009-10-28) Sathiyadash K; Uma E; Muniappan V; Sarah jaison; Muthukumar TThe study is to screen certain orchid species growing naturally in southern India for their mycorrhizal status and to assess the role of root morphology in determining the mycorrhizal status of orchidsItem ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL ASSOCIATIONS IN ZINGIBERACEAE AND COSTACEAE(The Postgraduate & Research Department of Botany, St. Thomas College, Kozhencherry, Kerala, India, 2009-10-28) Uma E; Sathiyadash K; Muniappan V; Sarah jaison; Muthukumar TWe provide information on the AM fungi incidence exclusively in Zingiberaceae and Costaceae, which will provide an opportunity to extend our knowledge on the AM association in these plant familiesItem MORPHOLOGY, ANATOMY AND MYCORRHIZAE IN SUBTERRANEAN PARTS OF ZEUXINE GRACILIS (ORCHIDACEAE)(Anales de Biología, 2011-12-14) Muthukumar T; Uma E; Karthikeyan A; Sathiyadash K; Sarah Jaison; Priyadharsini P; Ishworani C; Muniappan VZeuxine gracilis (Berda) Bl., is an endemic, terrestrial green orchid whose morphology, anatomy and mycorrhizal status is unknown. So we investigated: (a) root and rhizome anatomy; (b) root hair characteristics and mycorrhizal colonization patterns in Z. gracilis plants collected from Western Ghats region of southern India. The prominent anatomical characters in the roots were: absence of velamen, spiranthosomes, and the presence of single layered exodermis and nine arched protoxylem. The rhizome had an uniseriate epidermis, abundant spiranthosomes in the inner cortical cells, a distinct endodermis with casparian strips and biseriate vascular bundles. The presence of fungi both in the roots and rhizomes was revealed. The entry of fungi was chiefly through root hairs and through epidermis in the rhizome. Fungi formed pelotons and monilioid cells in the root cortex. Additionally, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi characterized by the presence of aseptate hyphae, vesicles and spores were present occasionally in roots. The lack of arbuscules in Z. gracilis indicated the AM to be non functionalItem MYCORRHIZAL AND DARK SEPTATE FUNGAL ASSOCIATIONS IN GINGERS AND SPIRAL GINGERS(Botany, 2010-05-05) Uma E; Muthukumar T; Sathiyadash K; Muniappan VAssociations of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and dark septate endophyte (DSE) fungi with 38 ginger species (Zingiberaceae) and two spiral gingers (Costaceae) were investigated. All species were mycorrhizal, and the status of 35 gingers and one spiral ginger has been investigated for the first time. The extent of AM colonization and the root length colonized by AM structures varied significantly among species. AM structures were also observed in non-root portions such as scale leaves. Arbuscular mycorrhizae were of either Aram-type or intermediate- type; AM-type is reported for the first time in 37 species. Spores of 16 morphotypes belonging to 4 genera (Glomus, Acaulospora, Scutellospora, Racocetra) were identified from the rhizosphere soil. DSE colonization was found in 22 gingers and 2 spiral gingers. Twenty-two plant species are reported as hosts of DSE fungi for the first time. The extent of total AM and DSE colonization was not correlatedItem ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL MORPHOLOGY IN SPOROPHYTE OF PSILOTUM NUDUM(Phytomorphology: An International Journal of Plant Morphology, Scientific Publishers, 2009) Muthukumar T; Sathiyadash K; Uma E; Muniappan VThe mycorrhizal structures of the sporophyte of Psilotum nudum were studied by light microscopy. Further, the nature of the fungal associate was characterized through trap-culture technique. The fungal entry into the rhizome was mainly through the rhizoids with occasional direct entry through the epidermis. The fungal colonization resembling the Paristype of mycorrhiza was restricted to the cortex with the rhizome tip and the stele free of any colonization. The transversing hyphae formed coils in the host cells with intracellular vesicles, but arbuscules were absent. Single hyphae arising from the coils penetrated the neighbouring cells with a hyphal constriction at the host cell wall region. Intact and collapsed hyphal coils were found in different cells and no recolonization of the host cells was observed. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores belonging to Acaulospora scrobiculata, Glomus aggregatum and Glomus geosporum were isolated from the trap cultures and also from the soil in which P. nudum occurred