National Conference

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Start date: 2002End date: 2009

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    DIETARY INFLUENCES ON CANCER IN AND AROUND COIMBATORE, INDIA: A GIS BASED RISK ASSESSMENT STUDY
    (2008-01) P B, Harathi; Prashanthi, Devi; Sumithashini, Valarmathi; Somanathan, Balasubramanian
    Diet habits play a key role in the health of person with the time, type and method of intake of food. Several studies has been carried out to study the influence of diet on the risk of cancer among various populations. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies are evolving rapidly and increasingly used for mapping disease occurrence as a way to explore spatial and temporal patterns. Specifically, the use of area-level socioeconomic factors, person habits and multilevel geographic approaches has been recommended to help evaluate single or multiple influences on cancer incidence and other cancers and health conditions using statistical and spatial analysis. The present study attempts in mapping the dietary influences on the risk of cancer among 3000 patients screed for cancer at Coimbatore, India. Information such as the age of the person, sex, marital status, tobacco use history, year of cancer diagnosis, and stage and grade of tumor were extracted from the incidence data. Spatial maps were prepared using GIS to identify the influence of diet on the risk of cancer. The result shows significant variations in diet habits and the cancer risk among different stages of diagnosis. These geographic spatial patterns inform and may facilitate the design of intervention programs to target areas of exposure.
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    TRACING THE SPATIO TEMPORAL PATH OF PEAK MALARIA INCIDENCES USING WALK ANALYSIS AND GIS
    (2008) S, Valarmathi; M, Prashanthi Devi; P B, Harathi; S, Balasubramanian
    Epidemic risk is a dynamic phenomenon with changing geographic pattern based on the temporal variations, in determinant factors including weather and other eco epidemiological characteristics of area at high risk. Epidemic early warning systems should take account of non uniform effects of these factors by space and time and hence temporal dimensions could be considered in spatial models of epidemic risks (Abeku, 2004).Based on this concept, the present study is aimed to analyse the geographical based time expansion of malarial transmission. Monthly malaria incidences data for a period of 101 months (Jan 1996- May 2004) recorded from Salem distrct, India were used for the study To estimate the spatial effects based on two components i.e., the overall difference among the regions and the rate of change over time for these regions, a spatio-temporal analysis for fixed and random effects are performed. The model was used to identify if additional cases are coming from malarial predominant areas (High Incidence areas), from moderate areas, or from low incidence areas. The conditional auto regressive model is used to model the random effects. Correlated Walk and Random Walk analysis is used to show the movement of the disease over time. Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation is used to obtain estimates of the posterior and predictive quantities of interest. CrimeStat is used to analyze statistically and Arcview 3.2 is used to map the results at different time periods and maps of smoothed time incidence. The results have significant implication over space and time and can be used for malaria control activities in the study area and also other infected areas. Based on the time and space aspect, the regional malarial control authorities have an opportunity to assess the risk of encountering the disease infection and to plan prevention measures accordingly. This study also provides an indication to any association between time trend and basic malarial incidence.
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    BIODIVERSITY OF WESTERN GHATS OF VELLIANGIRI HILLS – SURVEY OF TRIBAL MEDICINAL PLANTS
    (Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural University, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India, 2004-02-19) N, Bhuvaneshwari; G M, Natarajan
    The Velliangiri Hills is in the West Ghats. The biodiversity of these hills has been scantily studied. We have undertaken a project to survey the medicinal plants used by the tribal people of this area for various ailments. Since 80% of the world's population depend substantially on plant and animal-based medicines and in many communities, over 40% of the food comes from the wild, the study of biodiversity itself is an interesting area. The Irulas are a semi-nomadic tribe of hunter-gatherers in VelliangiriHills known for their skills of catching snakes and treating snakebites.
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    ELECTROPLATING INDUSTRY WASTE WATER INDUCED MODULATION OF AMINOTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY IN THE FRESHWAER TELEOST, CHANNAPUNCTATA
    (Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural University, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India, 2004-02-19) Palanisamy P; Bhuvaneshwari N; Sasikala G; Jacintha S; Esther Joice P; Natarajan G M; Mallikaraj D
    In India extensive work has been done on the effect of waste water from major industries on the water quality of ponds and rivers, however, literature on the characteristics and treatment of waste water of the electroplating industry and its impact on freshwater fishes is almost nil. The electroplating industry waste water is one of the most important sources of ground water pollution in Avarampalayam, Ganapathy and Peelamedu areas of Coimbatore Town. In an earlier report we presented evidence for the contamination of groundnwater at Avarampalayam by Cyanide, Zinc, Nickel and Chromium generated from the waste water discharged indiscriminately by the electroplating industries. Since aspartate (AAT) and alanine (AIAT) aminotransferases are known to play a key role in mobilizing L-aminoacids for gluconeogenesis and also to function as links between carbohydrate and protein metabolism, the present investigation was undertaken to understand the modulation of these enzymes by the electroplating industry waste water on the freshwater catfish, Mystuspunctata, on acute (48 h) exposure 1%). From the results it is apparent that short term exposure of waste water causes severe pharmacological and biochemical effects in the various vital organs of M. punctata. AAT is accumulated heavily (P<0.05) in all the organs except the brain (+6.34%). However AIAT is accumulated significantly (p< 0.05) in the liver (+104.42%), muscle (+91.49%) brain (+86.95%) and gill (+21.43%). This modulation clearly suggests that the tissue glycogen may be insufficient to meet the waste water toxic stress and hence the operation of gluconeogenesis to alleviate the waste water toxic stress.
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    IMPACT OF CEMENT FACTORY EFFLUENT ON THE ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AND ACETYLCHOLINE CONTENT OF VITAL ORGANS OF CHANNASTRIATA
    (Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural University, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India, 2004-02-19) Bhuvaneshwari N; Esther Joice P; Jacintha S; Palanisamy P[; Mallikaraj D; Sasikala G; Natarajan G M
    Indiscriminate discharge of industrial effluents into the aquatic system leads to deterioration of the environment. These effluents cause adverse effects on ichthyofauna and other aquatic organisms. To understand the mechanism of these toxic substances the qualitative and quantitative changes in the metabolism must be studied at the level of organism. Several studies on the toxicity of industrial effluents and their constituents on fishes have been attempted. However, there is little information on the effect of cement factory effluent on the pharmacological parameters of any fresh water food fish. The present investigation was aimed at understanding the effect of 5% concentration of cement factory effluent on the nervous regulation of freshwater food fish Channapunctata, which is abundantly available in local freshwater environments. Fishes exposed to 5% untreated effluent for 30 days depleted the acetylcholinesterase content of the brain (-73.24%, P>0.05) muscle (71.73% ; P<0.05), heart ( -67.90% ; P<0.05) gill ( -55.65% ; P <0.05) and liver ( -41.85%; P<0.05).
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    BRAIN INHIBITION OF SEROTONIN (5-HT) CONTENT IN TRICHOGASTERPECTORALIS FOLLOWING STEEL FACTORY EFFLUENT EXPOSURE
    (Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural University, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India, 2004-02-19) Jacintha S; Sasikala G; Esther Joice P; Mallikaraj D; Palanisamy P; Bhuvaneshwari N; Natarajan G M
    Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a vasoconstricting hormone produced normally by the argentaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract. It is implicated in the synaptic transmission in the CNS and is widely distributed in living cells. It is present in the gastrointestinal tract, blood plaltelets and the brain. The hypothalamus, midbrain and caudate nucleus but not the cerebral cortex contain considerable amounts of serotonin. It is found in the brain by the action of the enzyme 5 hydroxytryptophandecarboxyalted and is destroyed by the action of amino oxidases in a similar manner to the catecholamines. So amino oxidase inhibitions lead to marked increase in the endogenous serotonin levels. In the case of fishes, no information is available on the inhibition of serotonin by any effluent. Hence the present work was undertaken to assess the effect of steel factory effluent on the brain serotonin content of the air-breathing fish, Trichogasterpectoralis. Prolonged (30 days) raw steel factory effluent exposure (5%) inhibited (-63.13%) markedly the brain serotonin content of the fish. Whether the effluent exerts similar action on other organs is under investigation.
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    INDUCTION OF HEPATIC MICROSOMAL 7-ETHOXY RESORUFIN O-DIETHYLASE (EROD) DURING LIGNAN LACTONE CLEISTANTHIN ADMINISTRATION IN CLARIASGARIEPINUS
    (Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural University, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India, 2004-02-19) Esther Joice P; Natarajan G M; Jacintha S; Bhuvaneshwari N; Palanisamy P; Mallikaraj D; Sasikala G
    A toxic substance can be classified in one of several ways, according to (i) its physiological manifestations, e.g., as nerve and muscle poison, (ii) its chemical constitution e.g. alkaloid, glucoside, or (iii) its botanical origin. It has been estimated that in India there are about 700 poisonous species belonging to over 90 families of flowering plants. In Cleistanthuscollinus, the leaves contain the toxic substance identified as a lignan lactone cleistanthin. Clariasgariepinus of both sexes, gonadally immature, weighing 50 -70g, were exposed to 5% Clesitanthus leaf extract for 30 days. At the end of the exposure, the fishes were terminated by cervical transaction The liver was dissected and the microsomes were isolated. EROD activities were measured fluorometrically. The results indicate that the plant extract significantly accumulated the EROD activity (+ 36.84 %; p< 0.05). Perhaps the toxic substance targets the liver, which is the seat of all biochemical activities in fish.
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    ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT – THE DEPLETION OF ECO-FRIENDLY DONKEYS IN COIMBATORE DISTRICT
    (Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural University, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India, 2004-02-19) Esther Joice P; Natarajan G M; Jacintha S; Bhuvaneshwari N; Palanisamy P; Mallikaraj D; Sasikala G
    Donkeys live for 30 years. The average life span of a donkey is 11 years (Blackeway, 1995). Donkeys subsist mainly on the dry grass. They also feed on prosopis or reeds near cultivations. Donkeys are generally healthy and frequently seen in several villages either as solitary, in pairs or in herds of varying sizes. Nibbling, biting, kicking, stamping of fore and hind feet, twitching of tail, local spasm of skin and dust-bathing are common behavioural patterns of donkeys. They spend the night as well as the day time partly feeding, drinking, dust bathing and resting. They apparently drink at least once every third day. Donkeys are very alert and agile and can speed up to 60 kilometers an hour. The backward kicking with both hind legs is the commonest fighting technique. The hooves, legs and teeth are the common weapons of defense. In recent years, the population of donkeys is steadily decreasing day by day. Less than 20 years back more than 1000 donkeys were present in Coimbatore Town. It has now declined to 95. Similarly, in rural areas, the picture is not rosy. Among the 86 villages where we conducted the census, the population has alarmingly depleted. In nearly 21 villages no donkey was sighted on any day. There are many reasons for their dwindling. Formerly, in every village, these animals were daily used to carry the dirty cloth bags to a pond or a lake. Thanks to the introduction of cycles and mopeds, these animals are no longer necessary and are left to darkness. Except in some isolated hill areas where these animals are still helpful to carry sand bags and other materials, nowhere these animals are used to perform any duty As a result, they are left at the mercy of the environment. If the current trend of depletion continues, then in the next 10 to 15 years, the donkey will no longer be seen in our countryside.
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    BRAIN ASCORBIC ACID CHANGES IN CLARIASGARIEPINUS DURING AIR-EXPOSURE AND SUBMERGENCE STRESSES
    (Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural University, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India, 2004-02-19) Esther Joice P; Jacintha S; Bhuvaneshwari N; Palanisamy P; Sasikala G; Mallikaraj D; Natarajan G M
    Ascorbic acid is known to take part in collagen biosynthesis and in oxidation and reduction reactions of tissues. It is essential for various protective and defensive biological reactions of the organisms and perhaps acts as an antioxidant and fatigue retardant. Clariasgariepnus is an air-breathing fish. The fish is capable of living on land for extended periods. Similarly, its prolonged submergence in oxygenated water is also well established. However, its capacity to endure air-exposure and submergence stress has not been studied. This stress induced pharmacological and biochemical changes are worth studying and hence the present study. Nine hour air-exposure and submergence stress triggered differential biochemical response in the brain. Air-exposure stress decreased the ascorbic acid content of the cerebral hemispheres (-8.24%), optic lobes (-7.61%), cerebellum (-4.82%) and medulla oblongata (-6.88%) insignificantly. Submergence stress significantly decreased (P<0.05), the ascorbic acid content in all parts of the brain.
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    RAW SEWAGE INDUCED BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE LIVER OF EDIBLE FISH, CHANNASTRIATA
    (Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural University, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India, 2004-02-19) Sasikala G; Natarajan G M; Esther Joice P; Bhuvaneshwari N; Jacintha S; Palanisamy P; Binukumari N
    Untreated sewage (raw sewage) contains high levels of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), suspended solids (SS), nitrogenous compounds, nutritive salts, bacteria and other pollutants. High BOD causes decrease in DO while DO lowers the lethal concentrations for various toxicants. Raw sewage is indiscriminately discharged into the various freshwater sources near metropolitan cities. Indiscriminate discharge of untreated sewage is a serious concern for freshwater fish culture in and around major cities. Very little information is available on the effects of raw sewage on the biochemical composition of freshwater food fishes, though a lot of studies have been conducted to assess the sublethal effects of environmental stresses on fish. Raw sewage (10%) exposure for 30 days inhibited the liver protein (-18.06%.; P<0.05) and lipid content (-51.65%.06; P<0.05) significantly in the edible fish, Channastriata. However, the cholesterol content (+51.21%.06; P<0.05) increased considerably. Changes in the pharmacological properties of the nervous system and damage to gills were also recorded for prolonged exposure. These results suggest that fish exposed to sewage are subject to severe biochemical perturbations and damage to vital organs.