National Conference
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace.psgrkcw.com/handle/123456789/45
Browse
13 results
Search Results
Item ELECTROPLATING INDUSTRY WASTE WATER INDUCED MODULATION OF AMINOTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY IN THE FRESHWAER TELEOST, CHANNAPUNCTATA(Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural University, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India, 2004-02-19) Palanisamy P; Bhuvaneshwari N; Sasikala G; Jacintha S; Esther Joice P; Natarajan G M; Mallikaraj DIn India extensive work has been done on the effect of waste water from major industries on the water quality of ponds and rivers, however, literature on the characteristics and treatment of waste water of the electroplating industry and its impact on freshwater fishes is almost nil. The electroplating industry waste water is one of the most important sources of ground water pollution in Avarampalayam, Ganapathy and Peelamedu areas of Coimbatore Town. In an earlier report we presented evidence for the contamination of groundnwater at Avarampalayam by Cyanide, Zinc, Nickel and Chromium generated from the waste water discharged indiscriminately by the electroplating industries. Since aspartate (AAT) and alanine (AIAT) aminotransferases are known to play a key role in mobilizing L-aminoacids for gluconeogenesis and also to function as links between carbohydrate and protein metabolism, the present investigation was undertaken to understand the modulation of these enzymes by the electroplating industry waste water on the freshwater catfish, Mystuspunctata, on acute (48 h) exposure 1%). From the results it is apparent that short term exposure of waste water causes severe pharmacological and biochemical effects in the various vital organs of M. punctata. AAT is accumulated heavily (P<0.05) in all the organs except the brain (+6.34%). However AIAT is accumulated significantly (p< 0.05) in the liver (+104.42%), muscle (+91.49%) brain (+86.95%) and gill (+21.43%). This modulation clearly suggests that the tissue glycogen may be insufficient to meet the waste water toxic stress and hence the operation of gluconeogenesis to alleviate the waste water toxic stress.Item IMPACT OF CEMENT FACTORY EFFLUENT ON THE ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AND ACETYLCHOLINE CONTENT OF VITAL ORGANS OF CHANNASTRIATA(Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural University, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India, 2004-02-19) Bhuvaneshwari N; Esther Joice P; Jacintha S; Palanisamy P[; Mallikaraj D; Sasikala G; Natarajan G MIndiscriminate discharge of industrial effluents into the aquatic system leads to deterioration of the environment. These effluents cause adverse effects on ichthyofauna and other aquatic organisms. To understand the mechanism of these toxic substances the qualitative and quantitative changes in the metabolism must be studied at the level of organism. Several studies on the toxicity of industrial effluents and their constituents on fishes have been attempted. However, there is little information on the effect of cement factory effluent on the pharmacological parameters of any fresh water food fish. The present investigation was aimed at understanding the effect of 5% concentration of cement factory effluent on the nervous regulation of freshwater food fish Channapunctata, which is abundantly available in local freshwater environments. Fishes exposed to 5% untreated effluent for 30 days depleted the acetylcholinesterase content of the brain (-73.24%, P>0.05) muscle (71.73% ; P<0.05), heart ( -67.90% ; P<0.05) gill ( -55.65% ; P <0.05) and liver ( -41.85%; P<0.05).Item BRAIN INHIBITION OF SEROTONIN (5-HT) CONTENT IN TRICHOGASTERPECTORALIS FOLLOWING STEEL FACTORY EFFLUENT EXPOSURE(Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural University, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India, 2004-02-19) Jacintha S; Sasikala G; Esther Joice P; Mallikaraj D; Palanisamy P; Bhuvaneshwari N; Natarajan G MSerotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a vasoconstricting hormone produced normally by the argentaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract. It is implicated in the synaptic transmission in the CNS and is widely distributed in living cells. It is present in the gastrointestinal tract, blood plaltelets and the brain. The hypothalamus, midbrain and caudate nucleus but not the cerebral cortex contain considerable amounts of serotonin. It is found in the brain by the action of the enzyme 5 hydroxytryptophandecarboxyalted and is destroyed by the action of amino oxidases in a similar manner to the catecholamines. So amino oxidase inhibitions lead to marked increase in the endogenous serotonin levels. In the case of fishes, no information is available on the inhibition of serotonin by any effluent. Hence the present work was undertaken to assess the effect of steel factory effluent on the brain serotonin content of the air-breathing fish, Trichogasterpectoralis. Prolonged (30 days) raw steel factory effluent exposure (5%) inhibited (-63.13%) markedly the brain serotonin content of the fish. Whether the effluent exerts similar action on other organs is under investigation.Item INDUCTION OF HEPATIC MICROSOMAL 7-ETHOXY RESORUFIN O-DIETHYLASE (EROD) DURING LIGNAN LACTONE CLEISTANTHIN ADMINISTRATION IN CLARIASGARIEPINUS(Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural University, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India, 2004-02-19) Esther Joice P; Natarajan G M; Jacintha S; Bhuvaneshwari N; Palanisamy P; Mallikaraj D; Sasikala GA toxic substance can be classified in one of several ways, according to (i) its physiological manifestations, e.g., as nerve and muscle poison, (ii) its chemical constitution e.g. alkaloid, glucoside, or (iii) its botanical origin. It has been estimated that in India there are about 700 poisonous species belonging to over 90 families of flowering plants. In Cleistanthuscollinus, the leaves contain the toxic substance identified as a lignan lactone cleistanthin. Clariasgariepinus of both sexes, gonadally immature, weighing 50 -70g, were exposed to 5% Clesitanthus leaf extract for 30 days. At the end of the exposure, the fishes were terminated by cervical transaction The liver was dissected and the microsomes were isolated. EROD activities were measured fluorometrically. The results indicate that the plant extract significantly accumulated the EROD activity (+ 36.84 %; p< 0.05). Perhaps the toxic substance targets the liver, which is the seat of all biochemical activities in fish.Item ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT – THE DEPLETION OF ECO-FRIENDLY DONKEYS IN COIMBATORE DISTRICT(Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural University, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India, 2004-02-19) Esther Joice P; Natarajan G M; Jacintha S; Bhuvaneshwari N; Palanisamy P; Mallikaraj D; Sasikala GDonkeys live for 30 years. The average life span of a donkey is 11 years (Blackeway, 1995). Donkeys subsist mainly on the dry grass. They also feed on prosopis or reeds near cultivations. Donkeys are generally healthy and frequently seen in several villages either as solitary, in pairs or in herds of varying sizes. Nibbling, biting, kicking, stamping of fore and hind feet, twitching of tail, local spasm of skin and dust-bathing are common behavioural patterns of donkeys. They spend the night as well as the day time partly feeding, drinking, dust bathing and resting. They apparently drink at least once every third day. Donkeys are very alert and agile and can speed up to 60 kilometers an hour. The backward kicking with both hind legs is the commonest fighting technique. The hooves, legs and teeth are the common weapons of defense. In recent years, the population of donkeys is steadily decreasing day by day. Less than 20 years back more than 1000 donkeys were present in Coimbatore Town. It has now declined to 95. Similarly, in rural areas, the picture is not rosy. Among the 86 villages where we conducted the census, the population has alarmingly depleted. In nearly 21 villages no donkey was sighted on any day. There are many reasons for their dwindling. Formerly, in every village, these animals were daily used to carry the dirty cloth bags to a pond or a lake. Thanks to the introduction of cycles and mopeds, these animals are no longer necessary and are left to darkness. Except in some isolated hill areas where these animals are still helpful to carry sand bags and other materials, nowhere these animals are used to perform any duty As a result, they are left at the mercy of the environment. If the current trend of depletion continues, then in the next 10 to 15 years, the donkey will no longer be seen in our countryside.Item BRAIN ASCORBIC ACID CHANGES IN CLARIASGARIEPINUS DURING AIR-EXPOSURE AND SUBMERGENCE STRESSES(Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural University, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India, 2004-02-19) Esther Joice P; Jacintha S; Bhuvaneshwari N; Palanisamy P; Sasikala G; Mallikaraj D; Natarajan G MAscorbic acid is known to take part in collagen biosynthesis and in oxidation and reduction reactions of tissues. It is essential for various protective and defensive biological reactions of the organisms and perhaps acts as an antioxidant and fatigue retardant. Clariasgariepnus is an air-breathing fish. The fish is capable of living on land for extended periods. Similarly, its prolonged submergence in oxygenated water is also well established. However, its capacity to endure air-exposure and submergence stress has not been studied. This stress induced pharmacological and biochemical changes are worth studying and hence the present study. Nine hour air-exposure and submergence stress triggered differential biochemical response in the brain. Air-exposure stress decreased the ascorbic acid content of the cerebral hemispheres (-8.24%), optic lobes (-7.61%), cerebellum (-4.82%) and medulla oblongata (-6.88%) insignificantly. Submergence stress significantly decreased (P<0.05), the ascorbic acid content in all parts of the brain.Item RAW SEWAGE INDUCED BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE LIVER OF EDIBLE FISH, CHANNASTRIATA(Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural University, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India, 2004-02-19) Sasikala G; Natarajan G M; Esther Joice P; Bhuvaneshwari N; Jacintha S; Palanisamy P; Binukumari NUntreated sewage (raw sewage) contains high levels of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), suspended solids (SS), nitrogenous compounds, nutritive salts, bacteria and other pollutants. High BOD causes decrease in DO while DO lowers the lethal concentrations for various toxicants. Raw sewage is indiscriminately discharged into the various freshwater sources near metropolitan cities. Indiscriminate discharge of untreated sewage is a serious concern for freshwater fish culture in and around major cities. Very little information is available on the effects of raw sewage on the biochemical composition of freshwater food fishes, though a lot of studies have been conducted to assess the sublethal effects of environmental stresses on fish. Raw sewage (10%) exposure for 30 days inhibited the liver protein (-18.06%.; P<0.05) and lipid content (-51.65%.06; P<0.05) significantly in the edible fish, Channastriata. However, the cholesterol content (+51.21%.06; P<0.05) increased considerably. Changes in the pharmacological properties of the nervous system and damage to gills were also recorded for prolonged exposure. These results suggest that fish exposed to sewage are subject to severe biochemical perturbations and damage to vital organs.Item BIOPHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF SOME COMMONLY AVAILABLE INDIAN PLANTS(Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural University, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India, 2004-02-19) Natarajan G M; Palanisamy P; Bhuvaneshwari N; Esther Joice P; Mallikaraj D; Jacintha S; Sasikala G; Krishna Kumari N; Santhi PMany Indian plants have been increasingly tested for a wide variety of biological activities including antifertility, anticancer, chemotherapeutic and pharmacological activities. Though various plant extracts are used as arrouw poisons and as fish baits, no study to date has evaluated the biopharmacological properties of these plant extracts on freshwater food fishes. In order to identify a substance which can be easily obtained and readily used for fish catching purposes, we have evaluated the pharmacological effects of six commonly available poisonous plants in our area. Daturametel, Gloriosasuperba, Vincarosea, Calotropis gigantean, AntiaristoxicariaandPartheniumhysterophoruswere the plants screened for pharmacological effects in commonly available and economically important food fish Channastriata. The biopharmacological effects were evaluated by obtaining 50% ethanolic extract on neuromuscular transmission. Acetylecholine synthesis and acetylecholine esterase activity inhibition were studied on heart, brain, muscle and liver tissues. The results indicate that all these plants contain potent toxic substances and inhibit neuromuscular transmission. Preliminary studies show that the toxic substances may be easily prepared and readily used for fish baiting purposes.Item MOLECULAR DEFENSE STRATEGIES IN CLARIAS DURING AIR-EXPOSURE AND SUBMERGENCE STRESS(Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore Tamil Nadu, India, 2004-02-15) Esther Joice P; Jacintha S; Parthi N; Sasikala G; Tamilselvi G; Natarajan G MThe ability of fish colonize a large variation of biotopes is integrally related with the striking molecular and functional differentiation in their enzyme systems. Clariasgariepinus is an ideal model for investigating molecular adaptations in enzyme systems to extreme environmental conditions. The fish is an air breathing fish with branched gill filaments, thick gill rods, and fused secondary lamellae, all indicating that the fish is poorly adapted for water breathing life. Generally, for fishes, air exposure involves many biochemical changes like respiratory acidosis, alkalosis, ammonia excretion and blood pressure changes. Increasing vascular resistance and collapse of gills due tom gravity is also a serious problem. Similarly, forced submersion induces bradycardia, slowing of heart rate and decrease of blood oxygen level. A number of enzyme systems and molecular mechanisms mediate these defense strategies. In Clariasgariepinus, 9 h air-exposure and 24 h submersion unfolds many enzymatic hanges. Protein synthesis in heart, liver, kidney, brain, muscle, stomach and eyeballs is severely altered the acid phosphatase content of stomach and eyeballs increased significantly (P<0.05). All other organs registered depression. The alkaline phosphatase activity of gills, art, liver, kidney, brain, muscle and stomach exhibited suppression. Significant cumulations (P<0.05) of Na K" ATPase in the gills, kidney and eyeballs were recorded. Ca dependent ATPase increased in the heart, muscle, stomach and eyeballs. The ATPase is elevated only in the eyeballs.Since stress induced anoxia in the cells, the aerobic energy input is severely impaired gesting drastic reductions in the various forms of the cell work. In the present work, lies on brain in particular, but also on liver cells, have documented reductions in severalkey processes that drive ATP utilization, transmembrane ion leakage, electrical activity, and protein synthesis. In the language of the field, these have been referred to respectively as channel arrest, spike arrest and transnational arrest (Hochachkaet al., 1996). The molecular implications of these enzyme modulations are discussed.Item DESIGN OF AN AIR-EXPOSURE AND SUBMERGENCE STRESS NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE MODEL IN THE EXOTIC FISH, OSPHRONEMUSOLFAX(Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore Tamil Nadu, India, 2004-02-15) Jacintha S; Natarajan G M; Esther Joice P; Parthi N; Sasikala G; Tamilselvi GThe effects of air-exposure (6h) and submergence (6h) as monitored by determining RBC, Hb, Ht and blood glucose were analyzed in the exotic fish, Osphronemusolfax. Results obtained using multifactorial stress model (air-exposure, submergence, hypoxia) showed that elevation of RBC, Hb, Ht and blood glucose was linearly correlated with progressive stress uniformly. Submergence caused rapid stress with blood glucose reaching 50% elevation within 60 min. Hypoxic water with access to air had very little effect on blood glucose. Similarly, lowering the temperature significantly affected the blood parameters. The airexposed model was also used for testing lysozyme activity and phagocytosis assay during stress. Contrary top blood glucose, plasma lysozyme was significantly lower in air stressed than in unstressed fish. Submergence increased the numbers of granulocyte, lymphocyte.