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    IMPACT OF MOLYBDENUM ON STRUCTURAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MANGANESE FERRITE NANOPARTICLES BY HYDROTHERMAL METHOD
    (Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, 2019-12-15) Kaveri N; Balavijayalakshmi J
    The study of transition metal ferrites has vast applications from microwave to radio-wave frequencies and is of great importance from both fundamental as well as in research aspect. Based on their magnetic properties, transition metal ferrites are found to have low magnetic anisotropies and are magnetically categorized as soft. Manganese ferrites are a group of soft spinel ferrite materials with high magnetic permeability, high electrical resistance and low loss. The doping of molybdenum improves its resistivity, strength and toughness. Due to their excellent electrical and magnetic properties, spinel ferrites are technologically important ceramic materials. As transition takes place from micron to nano regime, these materials are found to be with excellent chemical stability, moderate saturation magnetization and low eddy currents especially in spinel ferrites. In this present work, nanocrystalline ferrites of x varies as 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 are synthesized by hydrothermal method. The prepared nanocrystalline ferrites are characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for analyzing its structural, functional groups and morphological structures. XRD analysis reveals that the resultant ferrite nanoparticles are found to have cubic structure. FT-IR spectral analysis shows two main broad metal-oxygen bands and confirms the presence of spinel ferrites. EDX analysis confirms the quantitative presence of elements without impurities. This study aims to fabricate the ferrites with better physical and magnetic properties that are useful in a variety of applications such as magnetic sensors, heavy metal removal and transducers. .
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    A FACILE SYNTHESIS AND INVESTIGATION ON METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES EMBELLISHED GRAPHENE OXIDE NANOCOMPOSITES
    (Royal Book publishers / PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, 2018-01-03) Ramalakshmi V; Balavijayalakshmi J; Roshini P
    Graphene is a flat monolayer of carbon atoms with sp2-hybridized two-dimensional carbon structure. Graphene’s fascinating high conductivity, superior electron mobility, extremely high specific surface area and easy functionalization make graphene a good substrate to yield graphene-based nanocomposites. Metal oxides nanomaterials have considerable attention due to their unique properties that can be used for designing advanced nanodevices. Thus, in the present study metal oxide nanoparticles embellished graphene oxide nanosheets (GNs) is synthesized and characterized. The graphene oxide nanosheets are produced by modified Hummer’s method. The metal oxide nanoparticles are loaded on the synthesized graphene oxide nanosheets via chemical reduction method. The metal oxide nanoparticles embellished graphene oxide nanosheets are characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray diffraction analysis and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The structural properties of the synthesized nanocomposites are characterized using X-Ray diffraction analysis and the result confirms that the synthesized nanocomposites are well crystalline. The morphology of synthesized nanocomposites is analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis.
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    INFLUENCE OF IRON ON THE STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF NICKEL SULPHIDE NANOPARTICLES
    (Royal Book publishers / PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore., 2018-01-03) Sonia D; Balavijayalakshmi J
    Transition metal sulphides exhibit excellent optical, photo electrical and thermoelectric properties. These materials have attracted much attention because of its applications in the field of electroluminescence devices, light emitting displays, cathode material for rechargeable lithium battery, magnetic devices, dye degradation and optical sensors. In the present work, iron doped Nickel sulphide nanopartciles are synthesized using chemical precipitation method. Nickel chloride and Ferric chloride are used as precursors and sodium sulphide as a stabilizing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, UV-Vis, and PL studies. The presence of function groups are confirmed from FT-IR spectral analysis. The XRD analysis shows the crystalline nature of nanoparticles and the average nano-crystalline size is calculated using Debye – Scherrer formula. The morphology of the samples is analyzed using scanning electron microscope. The optical properties are characterized using UV-Vis spectral analysis and PL study. The synthesized nanoparticles may be used as a catalyst for degradation of organic dyes.
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    A FACILE SYNTHESIS OF REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE/CHITOSAN/AG NANOCOMPOSITES
    (Vizhi Chudar Pathippagam / Anna University, Chennai., 2017-01-06) Yuvashree S; Balavijayalakshmi J
    Graphene is a monolayer of carbon atoms, which is densely packed in a honeycomb lattice. Owing to its two-dimensional (2D) nanostructure, it has attracted enormous attention in the field of nanotechnology. Due to its unique catalytic, magnetic, optoelectronic and biological properties, Graphene and its derivatives has exhibited extensive and potential applications in electrode modifying materials, sensors, biomedical, bioengineering, drug delivery, gene delivery and semiconductors [1]. Chitosan (CS) is a natural bio polysaccharide and the most abundant polymer which is biocompatible and can be degraded by enzymes in human body. It has attracted considerable interest due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, good water permeability, high mechanical strength, adhesion and antibacterial properties, which leads to tremendous applications in agriculture, biopesticide, wine making, polyurethane coating, medicine etc., [2]. In addition to these, metal nanoparticles have been widely used for the fabrication of nanocomposites. Silver (Ag) nanoparticles, a well known and most popular, have also been used for long time in research areas because of its excellent chemical and physical properties. It has been applied in antimicrobial coatings, textiles, keyboards, wound dressings, and biomedical applications such as drug delivery, antibacterial etc. These biomedical devices now contain silver nanoparticles that continuously release a low level of silver ions to provide protection against bacteria. In this present work, reduced graphene oxide/Chitosan/Ag nanocomposites have been synthesized by chemical reduction method. Graphene Oxide (GO) is obtained from natural graphite powder according to a modified Hummers method, in which graphite is treated with a mixture of very strong oxidizers such as sulphuric acid, sodium nitrate and potassium permanganate. The carbon atoms in GO loses the electrical conductivity nature of graphene and it can be restored by reduction of GO into reduced graphene oxide (rGO). This is then followed by synthesizing rGO/CS, rGO/CS/Ag nanocomposties [3]. Thus the prepared GO, rGO, rGO/CS, rGO/CS/Ag nanocomposites is further characterized using ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectral analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectral analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. It is observed from UV-Vis spectral analysis that the absorption spectra for GO has two characteristic peaks around 230 nm and 301nm due to π-π* transition of aromatic C=C bonds and n-π* transition of C=O bonds respectively. On further reducing GO, the peak gets shifted around 265 nm and the peak around 301nm gets disappeared, which confirms the reduction of GO into rGO [4]. A new peak formed around 430 nm indicates the formation of rGO/CS/Ag nanocomposites. FT-IR spectral analysis confirms the functional groups of the as-obtained GO, rGO, rGO/CS/Ag nanocomposites. The FT-IR spectra is observed in the region of 4000 to 400 cm-1.The absorption band around 3500 cm-1 attributes to O-H stretching vibrations due to hydroxyl groups in GO. The band around 1720 cm-1 indicates the –COOH vibrations, which shows the reduction of GO into rGO and the C-H stretching vibrations are assumed to be around 2854 cm-1. The band around 1680 cm-1 indicates the presence of acetyl amino groups and C=C stretching vibration is observed around 1387 cm-1[5]. The crystalline structure of the prepared GO, rGO, rGO/CS/Ag nanocomposites is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The diffracted peak formed corresponds to the (002) plane of GO which exhibits inter-planner spacing of 0.80±3nm. On further adding CS and Ag nanoparticles, the diffraction peak of GO reduces and simultaneously the diffraction peak of Ag increases. RGO/CS/Ag nanocomposites shows diffraction peak for rGO, CS and Ag. The morphological studies have been carried out using Scanning Electron Microscope [6]. It indicates that CS/Ag nanocomposites are uniformly dispersed on to the rGO nanosheets. Thus the prepared rGO/Chitosan/Ag nanocomposites can be tested for biomedical applications [7].
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    IMPACT OF AL DOPING ON THE STRUCTURAL, AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MAGNESIUM-COBALT MIXED FERRITE NANOPARTICLES
    (Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, 2016-12-15) Kalaiarasi S; Balavijayalakshmi J
    Magnesium ferrites have wide range of applications in water purification, ferrofluids, bio-molecule separation, colour imaging, and gas sensing applications. The chemical, structural, and magnetic properties of these magnesium ferrite nanoparticles can be enhanced by their composition and micro structures. Hence in the present work, an attempt is made to synthesize Aluminium doped magnesium-cobalt mixed ferrite nanoparticles (Mg0.4Co0.4Al0.2Fe2O4) by co-precipitation method. Magnesium chloride, Cobaltous chloride, Aluminium Chloride and sodium hydroxide are used as raw materials. The synthesized nanoparticles are annealed at 600○C and are subjected to X-ray diffraction technique to calculate the average nano-crystalline size using Debye – Scherrer formula. The FT-IR spectrum of the sample is recorded and the characteristic absorption bands are observed. The morphological analysis of the sample is studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The magnetic measurements are made using Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). These materials can be tested for gas sensing applications.
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    INVESTIGATION ON THE STRUCTURAL, OPTICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF IRON DOPED NICKEL SULPHIDE NANOPARTICLES
    (Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, 2016-12-15) Nandhini R; Balavijayalakshmi J
    Semiconductor nanoparticles doped with transition metal ions have attracted much attention because of its applications in the field of electroluminescence devices, phosphors, light emitting displays and optical sensors. In the present work, iron doped Nickel sulphide nanopartciles are synthesized using chemical precipitation method. Nickel chloride and Ferric chloride are used as precursors and sodium sulphide as a stabilizing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, UV-Vis, and PL studies. The presence of function groups are confirmed from FT-IR spectral analysis. The optical properties are characterized using UV-Vis spectral analysis and PL study. The XRD analysis shows the crystalline nature of nanoparticles and the average nano-crystalline size is calculated using Debye – Scherrer formula. The morphology of the samples are analyzed using scanning electron microscope. The synthesized nanoparticles may be used for waste water treatment.
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    INVESTIGATION ON THE HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS OF PURE AND ALUMINIUM DOPED COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES
    (Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, 2016-12-15) Balavijayalakshmi J; Vidhya Priya P
    The oxides of transition metals are an important class of semiconductors and have a wide attention due to their unique properties. Among these, copper oxide nanoparticles are of special interest because of its narrow band gap and have immense potential applications in the field of solar energy. These copper oxide nanoparticles and Aluminium doped copper oxide nanopartciles are synthesized using hydrothermal method. The optical and structural properties of pure and aluminium doped copper oxide nanoparticles are studied using UV-Vis, PL and X-ray diffraction analysis. The FT-IR spectral analysis confirms the presence of the functional groups in the prepared samples. XRD analysis shows that the synthesized nanoparticles are well crystalline in nature. The morphology of the samples are studied using scanning electron microscope.
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    IMPACT OF ANNEALING ON STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MANGANESE DOPED MAGNESIUM-COBALT MIXED FERRITE NANOPARTICLES
    (Jammal Mohamed College, Trichy, 2016-02-29) Balavijayalakshmi J; Annie Josph C
    Manganese doped magnesium-cobalt mixed ferrite nanoparticles (Mg0.4Co0.4Mn0.2Fe2O4) are synthesized by co-precipitation method and are annealed at 130○C, 600○C and 900○C. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, FT-IR spectral analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) analysis. The crystallite size is found to be 17 nm and 19.6 nm for the samples annealed at 600○C and 900○C respectively. The crystallite size and lattice constant increases as the samples are annealed at higher temperatures. FT-IR analysis confirms the characteristic absorption bands at 590 cm-1 and 546 cm-1 for tetrahedral sites and 416 cm-1for octahedral sites. SEM analysis shows uniformly distributed elliptical shaped nanoparticles. The saturation magnetization, remanent magnetization and coercivity increases due to the inclusion of manganese and as the annealing temperature increases. These samples can be used for gas sensing applications.
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    EFFECT OF MN DOPING ON STRUCTURAL, MAGNETIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MAGNESIUM-COBALT MIXED FERRITE NANOPARTICLES
    (PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, 2015-12-30) Balavijayalakshmi J; Annie Josphine C
    Nano structured magnetic materials have wide areas of applications in water purification, high density data storage, ferrofluids, bio-molecule separation, colour imaging, medical diagnosis, drug delivery and so forth. Among the ferro spinels, Magnesium ferrite belongs to a class of compounds having the general formula MgFe2O4 crystallizing with the spinel structure. It is a typical spinel in which the cation distribution in the crystal lattice site is very much sensitive to heat treatment due to high diffusibility of Mg2+ ions. The physical and chemical properties of ferrites are dependent upon factors such as annealing temperature, annealing time, rate of heating and rate of cooling, etc. In case of cobalt ferrite, the incorporation of cobalt ions results in an increase in coercivity, which is due to the coupling of the spins of cobalt and iron ions. Also, manganese ferrite is considered versatile and of higher significance owing to its high saturation magnetization and low power loss at high frequencies. In the present work, an attempt is made to synthesize manganese doped magnesium-cobalt mixed ferrite nanoparticles (Mg0.4Co0.4Mn0.2Fe2O4) by co-precipitation method. Magnesium chloride, Cobaltous chloride, Manganese Chloride and sodium hydroxide are used as raw materials. The synthesized nanoparticles are annealed at 600○C and are subjected to X-ray diffraction technique to calculate the average nano-crystalline size using Debye – Scherrer formula. The FT-IR spectrum of the sample is recorded and the characteristic absorption bands are observed. The morphological analysis of the sample is studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The magnetic measurements are made using Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). These materials can be tested for gas sensing applications.
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    IMPACT OF CO-AG DOPING ON STRUCTURAL, OPTICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES
    (PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, 2015-12-30) Balavijayalakshmi J; Meena K
    Zinc oxide nanoparticles have attracted great attention in recent years because of its unique properties and versatile applications in transparent electronics, ultraviolet (UV) light emitters, piezoelectric devices, chemical sensors and spintronics. ZnO has high chemical stability and low toxicity, which is widely used as an active ingredient for dermatological applications in creams, lotions and ointments on an account of its antibacterial properties. Doped ZnO shows maximum effect against pathogenic organisms as compared to ZnO, there by using nanoparticles as an antimicrobial agent. In the present investigation, an attempt is made to synthesize Co-Ag co-doped Zinc oxide nanoparticles by chemical co-precipitation method. Zinc Chloride, Cobaltous chloride, Silver nitrate and sodium hydroxide is used as raw materials. The synthesized nanoparticles are subjected to X-ray diffraction technique to calculate the average nano-crystalline size using Debye – Scherrer formula and are found to be around 25 nm. The optical properties are characterized by UV-Vis spectral analysis. The FT-IR spectrum of the sample is recorded and the characteristic absorption bands are observed. The morphological analysis of the sample is studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). These co-doped (Co, Ag) ZnO nanoparticles may be used as antibacterial reagents to treat diseases caused by bacteria and fungi.