International Journals
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Item THE SPIRIT OF RESILIENCE IN HAITIAN WOMEN: A READING OF EDWIDGE DANTICAT’S “NINETEEN THIRTY-SEVEN”(LangLit, 2020-05) T, Poornamathi MeenakshiResilience is the ability to adapt oneself to the adversities of life. When people encounter distressing incidents, they become traumatic. While some try to bounce back to their normal self, a few continue to remain dejected till the end. Haiti is known for poverty, repression, dictatorships, and military coups; hence there is a constant threat in the lives of the civilians. Haitian women are the victims of state sponsored violence and foreign invasions. Yet they remain optimistic. Their resilient spirit is seen amidst the hardships. The short story “Nineteen Thirty-Seven” is written by Edwidge Danticat, a Haitian- American diasporic writer. She was born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, on January 19, 1969. The story “Nineteen Thirty-Seven” revolves around three women in a Haitian mother line who are the victims of the socio-political atmosphere in Haiti and the neighbouring Dominican Republic. The protagonist Josephine is born when her grandmother is slaughtered in the 1937 massacre in the Dominican Republic. Josephine’s mother witnesses her mother’s death and gives birth to Josephine. Instead of becoming traumatic, she gathers strength from her daughter by strongly believing that she has come to fill the void created in her life. Later in Haiti, Josephine’s mother is imprisoned mistakenly for practicing witchcraft; so Josephine is forced to live in seclusion. Though daughters in the story are forcefully cut off from their mothers, they try to keep themselves strong and connected by their love and memories.This paper attempts to shed light on the resilient spirit of Haitian women in Edwidge Danticat’s “Nineteen Thirty-Seven”.Item REFLECTIONS OF LOVE IN THE SELECT URDU GHAZALS WITH REFERENCE TO SHAMA FUTEHALLY’S SILVERS OF A MIRROR: GLIMPSES OF THE GHAZAL(International Journal of English and Literature (IJEL), 2016-02) T, Poornamathi MeenakshiUrdu is a standardised register of the Hindustani language and has become popular after the establishment of Muslim rule in North India. It originated from Shauraseni, a middle Indo-Aryan language which is the predecessor of other modern languages. Urdu poetry or shairi has a rich tradition and is marked by true feelings and sentiments. It has many different forms, with ghazal being the most important one. Urdu ghazals have been widely translated owing to their popularity. Shama Futehally (1952-2004) was born in Bombay and studied English at the universities of Bombay and Leeds. Her translation of Meera’s Bhajans, In the Dark of the Heart: Songs of Meera, was published in San Francisco. She has published two novels in New Delhi- Tara Lane and Reaching Bombay Central. Her translation of Urdu ghazals, Silvers of a Mirror: Glimpses of the Ghazal (2005) attempts to capture the best qualities of the ghazal in a contemporary voice. Ghazal is an Arabic word which literally means talking to women. It is a love-poem which initially addressed human love and later reached for the divine. It is often infused with music and has become a form of entertainment. This paper attempts to explore the theme of love in the select Urdu ghazals translated in English by Shama Futehally.