International Journals
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Item THE SPIRIT OF RESILIENCE IN HAITIAN WOMEN: A READING OF EDWIDGE DANTICAT’S “NINETEEN THIRTY-SEVEN”(LangLit, 2020-05) T, Poornamathi MeenakshiResilience is the ability to adapt oneself to the adversities of life. When people encounter distressing incidents, they become traumatic. While some try to bounce back to their normal self, a few continue to remain dejected till the end. Haiti is known for poverty, repression, dictatorships, and military coups; hence there is a constant threat in the lives of the civilians. Haitian women are the victims of state sponsored violence and foreign invasions. Yet they remain optimistic. Their resilient spirit is seen amidst the hardships. The short story “Nineteen Thirty-Seven” is written by Edwidge Danticat, a Haitian- American diasporic writer. She was born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, on January 19, 1969. The story “Nineteen Thirty-Seven” revolves around three women in a Haitian mother line who are the victims of the socio-political atmosphere in Haiti and the neighbouring Dominican Republic. The protagonist Josephine is born when her grandmother is slaughtered in the 1937 massacre in the Dominican Republic. Josephine’s mother witnesses her mother’s death and gives birth to Josephine. Instead of becoming traumatic, she gathers strength from her daughter by strongly believing that she has come to fill the void created in her life. Later in Haiti, Josephine’s mother is imprisoned mistakenly for practicing witchcraft; so Josephine is forced to live in seclusion. Though daughters in the story are forcefully cut off from their mothers, they try to keep themselves strong and connected by their love and memories.This paper attempts to shed light on the resilient spirit of Haitian women in Edwidge Danticat’s “Nineteen Thirty-Seven”.Item MYTH AS A TOOL FOR PROMULGATION IN THE POETRY OF W.B.YEATS(South Indian Folklorist, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, 2015-02) T, Poornamathi MeenakshiMyth is an ancient story which deals with supernatural powers. It can either be true or be false. This mystery of myth has inspired many writers all over the world including W.B. Yeats. William Butler Yeats born in Dublin was an Irish poet and one of the important figures of twentieth century literature. In his poems he fuses myth with his Christian beliefs and political ideologies. He was fascinated by Irish folklore and had written an introduction for and edited, Irish Fairy and Folk Tales. Irish literary history and folklore were suppressed during the British rule in Ireland so he used myth as a tool to promulgate his own ideas and Irish mythology to the world. This paper explores the mythical aspects in the poetry of Yeats.Item LOVE, SUFFERING, AND HOPE IN EDWIDGE DANTICAT’S “CHILDREN OF THE SEA”(Language in India, 2018-02) T, Poornamathi Meenakshi; Sushil Mary MathewsEdwidge Danticat was born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, on January 19, 1969. She is a Haitian-American diasporic writer who writes in English. Danticat’s first novel Breath, Eyes, Memory (1994) had been selected by the Oprah Book Club in 1998. Her short story collection Kirk? Krak! published in 1995, became a National Book Award finalist. The first story in the short story collection KK is “Children of the Sea”. In this story, Danticat vividly pictures the political violence in Haiti, which is located in the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea. Haiti gained its independence from France in 1803. The aftermath of the political situation and the ruthless regimes threatened the very existence of humanity. Amidst the violence and suffering, Haitians continue to love and remain hopeful. Haiti, widely popular for its poverty and repression, has an overlooked story of resistance. Haitians have played a remarkable role in shifting the correspondence of political and social power, even as they have endured distressing state-sponsored violence which includes torture, abuse, illegal arrest, disappearance, and assassination. Danticat, who is concerned with the plight of Haiti and Haitians, fuses the political with the personal in her stories and thereby she creates testimonials which aim to address the social injustice. This paper attempts to picture the unyielding spirits of the Haitians even in the face of unfathomable loss.Item CONFIGURATION OF MEMORY IN EDWIDGE DANTICAT’S BREATH, EYES MEMORY(Paripex-Indian Journal of Research, Vol 6 (3), 2017-03) T, Poornamathi Meenakshi; Sushil Mary MathewsMemory is the ability to recall or remember information or events in the past. This is carried out through three distinct processes such as encoding, storage and retrieval. Memory plays a significant role in the narratives of Edwidge Danticat, a Caribbean-American Diasporic writer. The protagonists in Danticat's novels are very much influenced by their past and its memories. These memories act both as a preserver and destroyer of life in her novels. In Breath, Eyes, Memory, it acts as a destroyer. The protagonist Sophie is haunted by the memories of 'testing' and her mother Martine is obsessed with nightmares of rape. This paper attempts to study the impact of memory on the psyche of Danticat's characters.Item FEMINIST AND ANTI- RACIST DISCOURSES IN HIMMANI BANNERJI’S “WIFE” AND “PAKI GO HOME”(International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol 3 (1), 2016) Sushil Mary Mathews; T, Poornamathi MeenakshiIndia and Canada have always been pluralistic societies which have assimilated several ethnicities. Whenever a new community conflates into the prevalent society, it has been marked with frictions and adjustments. These frictions along with nostalgia have become the central theme for diasporic writings. Indo-Canadian writers take their themes both from India and Canada. Himani Bannerji is an Indo–Canadian writer, sociologist, and philosopher from Kolkata. She was born in 1942 in West Bengal, India. She migrated to Canada in 1969 and has published two collections of poetry, A Separate Sky (1982) and doing time (1986), a children’s novel Coloured Pictures (1991), and several short stories. She is interested in feminist theory, gender and colonialism, class and race issues. She voices against all forms of domination, whether of gender, class or race. Bannerji’s works revolve around Marxist, feminist and anti-racist themes. This paper is an attempt to study the two poems, “wife” and ““PAKI GO HOME””, of Himani Bannerji who sensitises the readers to patriarchal and racist issues. She also raises her voice offering resistance against female subordination and the racist ideologies.Item REFLECTIONS OF LOVE IN THE SELECT URDU GHAZALS WITH REFERENCE TO SHAMA FUTEHALLY’S SILVERS OF A MIRROR: GLIMPSES OF THE GHAZAL(International Journal of English and Literature (IJEL), 2016-02) T, Poornamathi MeenakshiUrdu is a standardised register of the Hindustani language and has become popular after the establishment of Muslim rule in North India. It originated from Shauraseni, a middle Indo-Aryan language which is the predecessor of other modern languages. Urdu poetry or shairi has a rich tradition and is marked by true feelings and sentiments. It has many different forms, with ghazal being the most important one. Urdu ghazals have been widely translated owing to their popularity. Shama Futehally (1952-2004) was born in Bombay and studied English at the universities of Bombay and Leeds. Her translation of Meera’s Bhajans, In the Dark of the Heart: Songs of Meera, was published in San Francisco. She has published two novels in New Delhi- Tara Lane and Reaching Bombay Central. Her translation of Urdu ghazals, Silvers of a Mirror: Glimpses of the Ghazal (2005) attempts to capture the best qualities of the ghazal in a contemporary voice. Ghazal is an Arabic word which literally means talking to women. It is a love-poem which initially addressed human love and later reached for the divine. It is often infused with music and has become a form of entertainment. This paper attempts to explore the theme of love in the select Urdu ghazals translated in English by Shama Futehally.