Browsing by Author "Singh, Kshitij RB"

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ADVANCES IN FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR BASED ELECTRONIC DEVICES INTEGRATED WITH CMOS TECHNOLOGY FOR BIOSENSING (Review)
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Rai, Harshita; Singh, Kshitij RB; Natarajan, Arunadevi; Pandey, Shyam S
This review article embarks on an enlightening journey through the multifaceted realm of electronic devices and their applications in biosensing, emphasizing the role of Field effect transistor (FET) based biosensors and Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) processes in biosensing device development. It begins by elucidating the foundational principles of biosensing and underscoring the crucial contribution of transducers, establishing a robust understanding of the field. The article unravels the intricate interplay between electronic biosensors and CMOS processes, offering a concise yet insightful exploration of their operational intricacies, diverse practical applications, and recent advancements. Additionally, it spotlights the pivotal role of FET-based biosensors integrated with CMOS processes in miniaturizing biosensors and thus amplifying their real-world efficacy. Moreover, the role of modern technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), in recent biosensor development has been discussed. By addressing inherent challenges like sensitivity, integration, cost, and accessibility, the article underscores the vital role of biosensing technologies driven by electronic devices in wearable technology development. In addition, integrating these devices to fit with the ongoing trend of VLSI technology faces significant challenges. To overcome this aspect, sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) can be the best alternative, as they will avoid utilizing bioreceptors, as it simplifies integration by reducing complexity, enhancing stability, and improving compatibility with CMOS processes. Hence, this review's distinct contribution lies in its comprehensive approach, shedding light on how biosensing technologies, underpinned by electronic devices such as FETs and CMOS processes, offer solutions for realizing modern-day devices.
GREEN NANOBIOPOLYMERS FOR ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS: A STEP TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT (Review)
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023-04-20) Chincholikar, Preeti; Singh, Kshitij RB; Natarajan, Arunadevi; Kerry, Rout George; Singh, Jay; Malviya, Jitendra; Singh, Ravindra Pratap
To minimize the usage of non-renewable resources and to maintain a sustainable environment, the exploitation of green nanobiopolymers should be enhanced. Biopolymers are generally developed from various microorganisms and plants in the specified condition. This review article discusses the current advances and trends of biopolymers, particularly in the arena of nanotechnology. In addition, discussion on various synthesis steps and structural characterization of green polymer materials like cellulose, chitin, and lignin is also encompassed. This article aims to coordinate the most recent outputs and possible future utilization of nanobiopolymers to the ecosystem with negligible effects by promoting the utilities of polymeric materials like polycaprolactones, starch, and nanocellulose. Additionally, strategic modification of cellulose into nanocellulose via rearrangement of the polymeric compound to serve various industrial and medical purposes has also been highlighted in the review. Specifically, the process of nanoencapsulation and its advancements in terms of nutritional aspects was also presented. The potential utility of green nanobiopolymers is one of the best cost-effective alternatives concerning circular economy and thereby helps to maintain sustainability.
INTRODUCTION TO SMART AND INTELLIGENT NANOMATERIALS FOR BIOSENSORS (Book Chapter)
(Elsevier, 2024-1) Natarajan, Arunadevi; Singh, Kshitij RB; Rai, Harshita; Singh, Jay; Pandey, Shyam S; Singh, Ravindra Pratap; Malhotra, Bansi D
The upgraded version of nanotechnology is the development of novel material with multiple functionalities by integrating the fields of physics, chemistry, material science, engineering, and biotechnology. The small-sized nanoparticles have outstanding characteristics like improved absorption, large surface area, quantum effects, and high reactivity. Its high targeting nature, unpredictable side effects, and drug delivery to the healthy tissues when exposed largely are the major drawbacks in the biomedical field compared with other areas. Smart and intelligent materials are developed to overcome all these challenges. It offers important prospects like flexibility, sensitivity, selectivity, easily portable, and user friendly, which provides fair and accurate detection of diseases. The integration of nanotechnology-based diagnostics devices with IoT will deliver positive impacts in the food, environment, medical, and agriculture sectors. This chapter provides an overview of classification, tuneable properties of the smart material by varying external stimuli, and recent applications in the biomedical area.
PROBING HEAVY METALS IN TROPOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER – AN APPROACH TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY
(Elsevier B.V, 2024-10-15) Inobeme, Abel; Natarajan, Arunadevi; Pradhan, Safalmani; Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun; Devolli, Ariola; Chauhan, Chetan; Mathew, John Tsado; Inobeme, Jonathan; Pal, Kaushik; Singh, Kshitij RB; Pandey, S Shyam
Various organic and inorganic contaminants are increasingly found in the atmosphere due to several anthropogenic sources of alarming concern. Amongst the various classes of pollutants, heavy metals (HMs) have drawn global attention due to their bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential in cellular and sub-cellular structures of living organisms. In comparison to other media of dispersion of HMs, the mechanism involved in particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere makes it easier for the transport of HMs over long distances at a global and regional scale due to the non-confinement of air masses. The transport of HMs through atmospheric PM requires close assessment and monitoring. At present, there is limited literature focusing on heavy metals in aerosols and dust. Most of the available studies have emphasized heavy metals in soil and water. The current review comprehensively highlights the various aspects of HMs including the sources, recent trends, and investigation models explored for the assessment and monitoring of HMs in PM and atmospheric aerosols, which will further help in achieving sustainable environmental monitoring aspects more precisely.