Browsing by Author "Rathinam, Raja"

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THE CURRENT STATE OF ALGAE IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND ENERGY CONVERSION: A CRITICAL REVIEW
(Elsevier, 2023-06) Sabariswaran, Kandasamy; Mathiyazhagan, Narayanan; Rathinam, Raja; Kesavan, Devarayan; R, Kavitha
Due to the rapid expansion of the global economy and population, there aren't enough water resources accessible for direct human consumption. Therefore, water remediation will unavoidably take center stage on a worldwide platform. The development of microalgae can be supported by several types of wastewater (WW). They might be able to clean up pollutants from industry and urban effluents. Due to its low energy requirements, microalgae's capacity to survive in various environmental circumstances, and the potential to convert WW nutrients into high-value chemicals, microalgae-based wastewater treatment (WWT) has already received attention. Recent studies have reported using microalgae to remove pharmaceutical compounds and pesticides from wastewater produced by industrial and agricultural processes and removing nutrients from wastewater from WWTs. As a result, utilizing microalgae for both wastewater treatment and biofuel production could be a cost-effective solution to these challenges. This review emphasizes recent developments in the production of microalgae for WW cleanup. Additionally, it highlights the current problems and opportunities in the emerging algae-based sector.
THE CURRENT STATE OF ALGAE IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND ENERGY CONVERSION: A CRITICAL REVIEW
(Elsevier, 2023-06) Sabariswaran, Kandasamy; Mathiyazhagan, Narayanan; Rathinam, Raja; Kesavan, Devarayan; Kavitha, R
Due to the rapid expansion of the global economy and population, there aren't enough water resources accessible for direct human consumption. Therefore, water remediation will unavoidably take center stage on a worldwide platform. The development of microalgae can be supported by several types of wastewater (WW). They might be able to clean up pollutants from industry and urban effluents. Due to its low energy requirements, microalgae's capacity to survive in various environmental circumstances, and the potential to convert WW nutrients into high-value chemicals, microalgae-based wastewater treatment (WWT) has already received attention. Recent studies have reported using microalgae to remove pharmaceutical compounds and pesticides from wastewater produced by industrial and agricultural processes and removing nutrients from wastewater from WWTs. As a result, utilizing microalgae for both wastewater treatment and biofuel production could be a cost-effective solution to these challenges. This review emphasizes recent developments in the production of microalgae for WW cleanup. Additionally, it highlights the current problems and opportunities in the emerging algae-based sector.
CURRENT STATUS OF MICROBES INVOLVED IN THE DEGRADATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS (PPCPS) POLLUTANTS IN THE AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
(Elsevier, 2022-05-01) Mathiyazhagan, Narayanan; Mostafa, El-sheekh; Ying, Ma; Arivalagan, Pugazhendhi; Devarajan, Natarajan; Gajendiran, Kandasamy; Rathinam, Raja; Saravana Kumar, R.M; Suresh, Kumarasamy; Govindasamy, Sathiyan; Geetha, R; Balaji, Paulraj; Guanglong, Liu; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy
Contamination of aquatic systems with pharmaceuticals, personal care products, steroid hormones, and agrochemicals has been an immense problem for the earth's ecosystem and health impacts. The environmental issues of well-known persistence pollutants, their metabolites, and other micro-pollutants in diverse aquatic systems around the world were collated and exposed in this review assessment. Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) influents and effluents, as well as industrial, hospital, and residential effluents, include detectable concentrations of known and undiscovered persistence pollutants and metabolites. These components have been found in surface water, groundwater, drinking water, and natural water reservoirs receiving treated and untreated effluents. Several studies have found that these persistence pollutants, and also similar recalcitrant pollutants, are hazardous to a variety of non-targeted creatures in the environment. In human and animals, they can also have severe and persistent harmful consequences. Because these pollutants are harmful to aquatic organisms, microbial degradation of these persistence pollutants had the least efficiency. Fortunately, only a few wild and Genetically Modified (GMOs) microbial species have the ability to degrade these PPCPs contaminants. Hence, researchers have been studying the degradation competence of microbial communities in persistence pollutants of Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) and respective metabolites for decades, as well as possible degradation processes in various aquatic systems. As a result, this review provides comprehensive information about environmental issues and the degradation of PPCPs and their metabolites, as well as other micro-pollutants, in aquatic systems.
EFFICACY OF EISENIA BICYCLIS PHLOROTANNINS IN THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES AND REDUCING INFLAMMATION
(Elsevier, 2023-04) Rathinam, Raja; Shanmugam, Hemaiswarya; Kulanthaiyesu, Arunkumar; N, Mathiyazhagan; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy; A, Arun; P, Ramasamy
Crude phlorotannins from Eisenia bicyclis (CPEb), a common perennial brown seaweed were screened for pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic effects. Crude Phlorotannins (CPEb) studied by FT-IR, LC-MS, UHPLC, and UV chromatography showed the occurrence of dieckol, 8, 8'-bieckol, fucofuroeckol, and the carotenoid, zeaxanthin (0.5 mg/kg). LPS, an inflammatory mediator, enhanced the production of cytokines such IL-1 (interleukin-1), IL-6 (interleukin-6), IL-8 (interleukin-8), IL-10 (interleukin-10), TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-α), chemokine CXCL10, and NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) in differentiated THP1 macrophage cells. On differentiated human monocytic cell line LPS-induced THP1 cells, CPEb was found to have anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the expression of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 (1.2 fold), CXCL10, NF-κB, and TNF-α. CPEb promoted 2-NBDG absorption in differentiated C2C12 myotubes under both basal (16.08%) and insulin-stimulated (51.09%) conditions. CPEb increased IRS/AKT-dependent glucose absorption and also activates the AMPK pathway. Anti-α-glucosidase, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of CPEb indicate their role in treating hyperglycemia by scavenging ROS and inflammatory responses.