Browsing by Author "Ragavendhar, Kumar"

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CORRIGENDUM TO “FOOD WASTE-DERIVED BLACK SOLDIER FLY (HERMETIA ILLUCENS) LARVAL RESOURCE RECOVERY: A CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY APPROACH” PROCESS SAF. ENVIRON (Erratum)
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024-04) Abirami, Ramu Ganesan; Kannan, Mohan; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy; Ramya, Preethi Surendran; Ragavendhar, Kumar; Durairaj, Karthick Rajan; Jayakumar, Rajarajeswaran
FOOD WASTE-DERIVED BLACK SOLDIER FLY (HERMETIA ILLUCENS) LARVAL RESOURCE RECOVERY: A CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY APPROACH (Review)
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024-04) Abirami, Ramu Ganesan; Kannan, Mohan; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy; Ramya, Preethi Surendran; Ragavendhar, Kumar; Durairaj, Karthick Rajan; Jayakumar, Rajarajeswaran
Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens [L.], Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae (BSFL) production from food waste is gaining interest. Food waste, a heterogeneous mix of agro-food and catering leftovers serves as a challenging feedstock for BSF growth due to its varying nutrient composition. BSF, are classified as polyphagous insects with a digestive system featuring midgut for digestion and nutrient absorption. The conversion of food waste by BSFL is heavily influenced by Enterococcus, Klebsiella, Morganella, Providencia, and Scrofimicrobium, which play a vital role in substrate utilization. These microbes determine growth patterns, longevity, oviposition, and egg hatchability, which are intricately tied to the sugar and protein content of their dietary substrates. Pre-treatment techniques including hydrothermal treatment, ionization, pulse electric field discharge, and microbial treatment showed better efficiency in improving the wet waste biomass surface area and waste recovery ratio. In terms of environmental sustainability, a life cycle assessment (LCA) of food waste to BSF conversion facility yields a low global warming potential (GWP) score of 17.36 kg CO2 per ton of functional unit with a significant environmental impact during pre-treatment of food waste at a mass-rearing of BSFL. Therefore, this review emphasizes the digestive system, and gut microbiota of BSFL, with food waste-nutrient utilization by the BSFL. Environmentally promising steps involved in the valorization of food waste resources were evaluated in detail. This review also covers the international regulations involved in food waste fed BSFL, and techno-economic assessment to optimize its valuable nutrients for the new economy in waste management with less environmental footprint.
Β-CHITIN AND CHITOSAN FROM WASTE SHELLS OF EDIBLE MOLLUSKS AS A FUNCTIONAL INGREDIENT
(Food Frontiers, 2024-01) Durairaj, Karthick Rajan; Kannan, Mohan; Jayakumar, Rajarajeswaran; Dharmaraj, Divya; Ragavendhar, Kumar; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy; Shubing, Zhang; Abirami, Ramu Ganesan
The marine food-processing industries were producing large quantities of shell wastes as a discard. Currently, this waste material was underutilized and leads to the landfill as a significant environmental issue. The outer shells or exoskeletons of mollusks serve as the best source of chitin. Three different allomorphs of chitin (γ, β, and γ) were extracted from different species of crustaceans, mollusks, and fungi. β-Allomorphs predominantly exist in the shells of mollusks. β-Chitin and its deacetylated product chitosan has been utilized for its special characteristic features, including biocompatibility, environmental friendly, and nontoxic properties. The extraction of β-chitin and chitosan from the mollusk shell waste were evaluated in this work. Hence, this review aims to explore edible mollusk shell waste sources and its suitable extraction techniques, characterizations, and functional properties of mollusk-based β-chitin and chitosan. Further, the genetic pathway of synthesizing mollusk chitin was discussed. The entire life cycle assessment with techno-economic aspects were extrapolated to study the bottlenecks and tangible solution for the industrial upscaling of obtaining β-chitin and chitosan from the edible mollusk shell waste have been reviewed herein.
Β-CHITIN AND CHITOSAN FROM WASTE SHELLS OF EDIBLE MOLLUSKS AS A FUNCTIONAL INGREDIENT
(Food Frontiers, 2023-10-21) Durairaj Karthick, Rajan; Kannan, Mohan; Jayakumar, Rajarajeswaran; Dharmaraj, Divya; Ragavendhar, Kumar; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy; Shubing, Zhang; Abirami Ramu, Ganesan
The marine food-processing industries were producing large quantities of shell wastes as a discard. Currently, this waste material was underutilized and leads to the landfill as a significant environmental issue. The outer shells or exoskeletons of mollusks serve as the best source of chitin. Three different allomorphs of chitin (γ, β, and γ) were extracted from different species of crustaceans, mollusks, and fungi. β-Allomorphs predominantly exist in the shells of mollusks. β-Chitin and its deacetylated product chitosan has been utilized for its special characteristic features, including biocompatibility, environmental friendly, and nontoxic properties. The extraction of β-chitin and chitosan from the mollusk shell waste were evaluated in this work. Hence, this review aims to explore edible mollusk shell waste sources and its suitable extraction techniques, characterizations, and functional properties of mollusk-based β-chitin and chitosan. Further, the genetic pathway of synthesizing mollusk chitin was discussed. The entire life cycle assessment with techno-economic aspects were extrapolated to study the bottlenecks and tangible solution for the industrial upscaling of obtaining β-chitin and chitosan from the edible mollusk shell waste have been reviewed herein.
Β-CHITIN AND CHITOSAN FROM WASTE SHELLS OF EDIBLE MOLLUSKS AS A FUNCTIONAL INGREDIENT
(Nanchang University, 2023-07-07) Durairaj, Karthick Rajan; Kannan, Mohan; Jayakumar, Rajarajeswaran; Dharmaraj, Divya; Ragavendhar, Kumar; Sabariswaran, Kandasamy; Shubing, Zhang; Abirami, Ramu Ganesan
The marine food-processing industries were producing large quantities of shell wastes as a discard. Currently, this waste material was underutilized and leads to the landfill as a significant environmental issue. The outer shells or exoskeletons of mollusks serve as the best source of chitin. Three different allomorphs of chitin (γ, β, and γ) were extracted from different species of crustaceans, mollusks, and fungi. β-Allomorphs predominantly exist in the shells of mollusks. β-Chitin and its deacetylated product chitosan has been utilized for its special characteristic features, including biocompatibility, environmental friendly, and nontoxic properties. The extraction of β-chitin and chitosan from the mollusk shell waste were evaluated in this work. Hence, this review aims to explore edible mollusk shell waste sources and its suitable extraction techniques, characterizations, and functional properties of mollusk-based β-chitin and chitosan. Further, the genetic pathway of synthesizing mollusk chitin was discussed. The entire life cycle assessment with techno-economic aspects were extrapolated to study the bottlenecks and tangible solution for the industrial upscaling of obtaining β-chitin and chitosan from the edible mollusk shell waste have been reviewed herein.