Browsing by Author "P B, Harathi"

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A CRITICAL REVIEW ON EXTRACTION AND ANALYTICAL METHODS OF PHTHALATES IN WATER AND BEVERAGES
(Elsevier, 2022-07-19) Amritha, P S; Veena, Vinod; P B, Harathi
Phthalates (PAEs) are the class of lipophilic chemicals, which are used as additives in the manufacturing of plastics. It results in presence of PAEs in water and beverages because of their migration capacity. Their presence has attracted considerable attention due to their potential impacts on ecosystem functioning and public health. In addition, an enormous number of research articles have been published between 2000 and 2020, which have been identified and their results have been tabulated displaying PAEs analyzed, matrices, sample preparation, analytical method used, the limit of detection (LOD), and recovery percentages. Numerous sample preparation and analytical methods are found which are suitable for the reliable determination of the PAEs. The analysis of the PAEs is difficult due to their ubiquitous presence and their complexity, therefore suitable precautions, should be taken into account. In this review, we provide an overview of various pre-treatment measures and detection methods for PAEs in several types of water and beverages, mainly focusing on the last 20 years published works have been discussed. Pre-treatment methods mainly include liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), liquid-phase microextraction (LPME), and many more rare techniques. Chromatographic and non-chromatographic techniques coupled with or without diodes, spectrophotometers, and detectors, have been described. The concept of “green analytical chemistry” for PAE determination has also been discussed. Hereby, the limitations and challenges in these applications are also included.
DIETARY INFLUENCES ON CANCER IN AND AROUND COIMBATORE, INDIA: A GIS BASED RISK ASSESSMENT STUDY
(2008-01) P B, Harathi; Prashanthi, Devi; Sumithashini, Valarmathi; Somanathan, Balasubramanian
Diet habits play a key role in the health of person with the time, type and method of intake of food. Several studies has been carried out to study the influence of diet on the risk of cancer among various populations. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies are evolving rapidly and increasingly used for mapping disease occurrence as a way to explore spatial and temporal patterns. Specifically, the use of area-level socioeconomic factors, person habits and multilevel geographic approaches has been recommended to help evaluate single or multiple influences on cancer incidence and other cancers and health conditions using statistical and spatial analysis. The present study attempts in mapping the dietary influences on the risk of cancer among 3000 patients screed for cancer at Coimbatore, India. Information such as the age of the person, sex, marital status, tobacco use history, year of cancer diagnosis, and stage and grade of tumor were extracted from the incidence data. Spatial maps were prepared using GIS to identify the influence of diet on the risk of cancer. The result shows significant variations in diet habits and the cancer risk among different stages of diagnosis. These geographic spatial patterns inform and may facilitate the design of intervention programs to target areas of exposure.
ESTIMATING CHLOROPHYLL-A, CONCENTRATION USING SENTINEL-2 IMAGERY IN SELECTED LAKES OF KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA
(EM International, 2021) C, Rojamadhuvanthi; N R, Chrips; P B, Harathi
Water resources in India are very unpredictably distributed both spatially and temporally. Over the years, increasing population, urbanization and extension in agriculture and domestic water utilization has stressed the circumstances. Excessive algal growth due to eutrophication can have adverse effects on drinking water suppliers and end users. Monitoring of chlorophyll levels is the way to estimate the algal growth in water. Chlorophyll-a is one of the ecological indicators which is used to evaluate the status of the water bodies and its quality. Estimation of Chl-a had been carried out using in-situ data from Sentinel-2 imagery. For the present study, two lakes in Nagercoil districts - Parakkai Lake (P1, P2, and P3) and Therekal Lake (P4) were selected for the estimation of Chl-a using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Values of Chl-a concentration were estimated between 0.91-7.62 g/L for P1, whereas the values of P2 0.98-5.59 g/L and P3 the values range between 0.93- 5.43 g/L and Therekal lake (P4) is 0.97-7.01 g/L. Use of recent techniques like remote sensing and GIS (Geographical Information System) is still limited. Though the conventional methods give accurate values of Chl-a, but these results are not very helpful in providing a complete status of the whole water body. Estimation of Chl-a in water using the remote sensing techniques in integration with GIS which is associated with conventional methods.
REVELATORY NOTE ON BULBOPHYLLUM FIMBRIATUM – AN ENDEMIC ORCHID OF WESTERN GHATS, INDIA
(Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 2019-07-24) K, Kiruthika; M, Sulaiman; P B, Harathi; R, Gopalan
Cirrhopetalum is a curious and elegant orchid easily identified by its lateral connate sepals. This peculiar characteristic genus is made as a section of Bulbophyllum. A collection of an endemic orchid, Bulbophyllum fimbriatum recorded the distribution in Tamil Nadu, India.
SPACE TIME MODEL FOR CANCER INCIDENCES IN TAMIL NADU: MAPPING HEALTH STATISTICS FOR POLICY PROGRAMMING AND DECISION MAKING
(International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2015-04) P B, Harathi; Janani Selvaraj; M, Prashanthi Devi
The burden of cancer is growing globally and is one of the top leading causes of death. Information on cancer patterns is essential for effective planning of cancer control interventions. In specific the geographical study of cancer will help in identifying the high risk communities for further etiological studies. The objective of the present study is to analyze the time based geographical expansion of cancer incidences in the study region. The spatialtemporal model using Knox and Mantel statistic was applied to identify if additional cases are added in subsequent time period from high incidence areas or from moderate areas or from low incidence areas. This study will provide an indication to any association between time trend and cancer incidences. Through the spatial temporal model, the high risk areas have been identified and the temporal variations in the risky zones were assessed
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF CANCER INCIDENCES TO IDENTIFY RISK AREAS AND HOT SPOTS: A CASE STUDY IN THE WESTERN REGIONS OF TAMIL NADU, INDIA
(International Journal of Scientific Research, 2014-07) P B, Harathi; Janani Selvaraj; M, Prashanthi Devi; S, Valarmathi; S, Balasubramanian
The burden of cancer is growing globally and is one of the top leading causes of death. Information on cancer patterns is essential for effective planning of cancer control interventions. In specific the geographical study of cancer will help in identifying the high risk communities for further etiological studies. Objective: The present study aims to investigate the application of various spatial statistical tools to identify the high cancer risk zones in the western regions of Tamil Nadu, India. Methodology: Spatial point pattern analysis was performed to assess the area based risk factor for cancer in the study area. The cancer incidences recorded in each address were geo-coded to build point features. Dual kernel estimation method was used to simplify the complex point patterns without diminishing the significance of the incidence level data. The incident hot spots were verified and tested for their statistical significance against a random distribution by means of Nearest Neighborhood Index, Ripley’s K, Geary’s C and Moran’s I test. CrimeStat software (CrimeStat III, 2004) and ArcGIS 9.1 were used to obtain these results. Results and Conclusion: The smoothed map produced through the Kernel estimation method showed high clustering in the Coimbatore North, Coimbatore South and Erode taluks and was confirmed statistically by the Nearest Neighbouhood Index and Ripley’s K test. Further, from the values obtained by the Moran’s I and Geary’s C test it is observed that there exists positive partial autocorrelation in the point data. Hence the spatial analytical methods will be useful tools in conducting further etiological studies in the high risk regions. In addition, it will be also helpful for the health professionals to organize early cancer screening programs and better prevention strategies for the society
STUDIES ON THE BACTERIOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF SERUM OF MUD CRAB, SCYLLA SERRATA AGAINST THREE DIFFERENT STRAINS OF BACTERIA
(International Journal Of Current Research, 2014-12-30) P B, Harathi; R, Radha
Invertebrates are dependent on cellular and humoral immune defences against microbial infection. Scylla serrata is an important commercial species of crab, but the fundamental knowledge on its immune defense related to the immune-associated reactions is still lacking. This study was undertaken to determine the antibacterial activities of serum from the mud crab, Scylla serrata against three different bacterial strains. Bacterial cultures were treated with different volumes serum from Scylla serrata and the growth was monitored by optical density at 450 nm. In addition, the serum was treated with protease to determine the mechanism of antibacterial activities. Treatment of bacterial cultures with serum from mud crab, Scylla serrata resulted in a volume-dependent decrease in bacterial growth. Cultures of M. lysodeikticus, exhibited strong growth inhibition by serum of Scylla serrata, while cultures of Vibrio furnissi and Vibrio damsel were nearly completely obliterated for 24 h by only 10% (v/v) serum. The antibacterial activity of Scylla serrata serum occurred very rapidly, as 18% of M. lysodeikticus growth was inhibited by a five min exposure to serum. Furthermore the bacteriolytic activity detected in the presence of phosphate buffer was significantly higher than that observed with, thereby indicating the suitability of phosphate buffer for assay of bacteriolytic activity.
TRACING THE SPATIO TEMPORAL PATH OF PEAK MALARIA INCIDENCES USING WALK ANALYSIS AND GIS
(2008) S, Valarmathi; M, Prashanthi Devi; P B, Harathi; S, Balasubramanian
Epidemic risk is a dynamic phenomenon with changing geographic pattern based on the temporal variations, in determinant factors including weather and other eco epidemiological characteristics of area at high risk. Epidemic early warning systems should take account of non uniform effects of these factors by space and time and hence temporal dimensions could be considered in spatial models of epidemic risks (Abeku, 2004).Based on this concept, the present study is aimed to analyse the geographical based time expansion of malarial transmission. Monthly malaria incidences data for a period of 101 months (Jan 1996- May 2004) recorded from Salem distrct, India were used for the study To estimate the spatial effects based on two components i.e., the overall difference among the regions and the rate of change over time for these regions, a spatio-temporal analysis for fixed and random effects are performed. The model was used to identify if additional cases are coming from malarial predominant areas (High Incidence areas), from moderate areas, or from low incidence areas. The conditional auto regressive model is used to model the random effects. Correlated Walk and Random Walk analysis is used to show the movement of the disease over time. Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation is used to obtain estimates of the posterior and predictive quantities of interest. CrimeStat is used to analyze statistically and Arcview 3.2 is used to map the results at different time periods and maps of smoothed time incidence. The results have significant implication over space and time and can be used for malaria control activities in the study area and also other infected areas. Based on the time and space aspect, the regional malarial control authorities have an opportunity to assess the risk of encountering the disease infection and to plan prevention measures accordingly. This study also provides an indication to any association between time trend and basic malarial incidence.