Browsing by Author "K, Gajalakshmi"

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CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF HMW SUB-UNITS AND BAKING QUALITY RELATED TRAITS IN INDIAN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM.L)
(Akademiai kiados, 2013-02-12) K, Gajalakshmi
High molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits and baking quality-related traits were studied in 50 Indian wheat landraces. Scoring of germplasm based on electrophoresis patterns using the Payne method showed that the quality scores varied from 4 to 8. Based on this scoring, 13 cultivars were ranked as superior. Cluster analysis based on electrophoresis patterns and Jaccard similarity criteria divided the cultivars into five groups, with 13 cultivars in the first cluster. There was no similarity between the grouping pattern based on HMW glutenin sub-units and quality-related traits. In the present study, the quality of the flour of six wheat varieties was weak, so these varieties were only suitable for biscuit making. The flour of 31 wheat varieties showed medium strength. The remaining 13 wheat varieties had strong flour. Considering the great variation observed for quality-related traits and HMW glutenin sub-units, it can be concluded that these cultivars are potential sources of desirable quality traits for use in bread wheat breeding programmes to improve bread-making quality
EVALUATION OF PHYSICO CHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF ORATHUPALAYAM DAM IN TIRUPUR DISTRICT
(Journal Issues Limited, 2014-05-01) K, Gajalakshmi; P, Ruban
Plants comprise a large portion of our biosphere and constitute a vital link in the food chain. Due to the highly conserved structure of the genetic material, it is possible to use a broad variety of species in genotoxicity tests. In this present study an attempt to analysis the Physico-Chemical Parameters, toxicity and Growth Inhibition test (Shoot and Root Length), Cytotoxicity and potential toxicity in Allium cepa root meristem cells were grown in Orathupalayam Dam Water. The Physico-Chemical Parameters of Dam water was found to be permissible limit when compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) Standards. Dissolved Oxygen, Total Hardness, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, was found to be excess of permissible limit when compound to the WHO standards. Allium cepa root meristem cells were grown in the Orathupalayam Dam water sample shows a cytological damage. The two different leaf extracts in onion root tips grown in Orathupalayam Dam water, increasing the concentration of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract which inhibit the cytotoxic effect where as in case of Azadirachta indica leaf extracts, increasing the concentration of a leaf extract induces the cytotoxic effect. Key words: Genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, Allium cepa root, Ocimum sanctum,
GENETIC DIVERGENCE OF BREAD WHEAT GENOTYPES BASED ON CLUSTER AND PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS FOR BREEDING STRATEGIES
(2015-08-16) P, Shajitha; M, Sivasamy; K, Gajalakshmi; K, Baghyalakshmi; V K, Vikas
The genetic divergence study was conducted to estimate the nature and magnitude of diversity in Lr19+ and Lr19-lines of bread wheat. The divergence analysis including Tocher's, canonical (vector) and Principal component analysis(PCA) for yield and its nine contributing characters were studied. The twenty two wheat genotypes were grouped into four clusters by both Tocher's method of divergence study. The result of PCA revealed that all the 4 principal components (PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC 4) contributed 93.35% of the total variability. The first PC assigned 60% and the second PC assigned 16% and of total variation between traits. The first PC was more related to days to heading, plant height, tillers per lant, spikelets per spike, grain yield per spike and peduncle length. Therefore, selection based on first component is helpful for a good hybridization breeding program. The information obtained from this study can be used to plan crosses and maximized the use of genetic diversity and expression of heterosis from alien translocation.
HERITABILITY, CORRELATION AND PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS FOR MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS IN WHEAT
(DR P R YADAV, 2015-01-01) K, Gajalakshmi; M, Sivasamy; P, Shajitha; P, Nisha
Heritability, inter-relationship and path coefficient studies were performed in ten bread wheat genotypes in the background of (Lok-1, MACS2496, NI5439, NIAW 34, PBW 226, PBW 343, PBN 51, PBW 502, WH542 and WH147) carrying yield potential gene Lr19/Sr25 along with rust resistance. Very high broad sense heritability was estimated for all the morphological characters studied. Grains per spike exhibited highest heritability value of 99.4% while tillers per plant showed minimum value of 90%. Genotypically plant heights, spike length, spikelets per spike, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight were positively and significantly correlated with tillers per plant while highly significantly associated phenotypically. Flag leaf area was positively but non-significantly associated with grain yield; whereas, fertile tillers per plant was negatively and nonsignificantly correlated with grain yield. Plant height, flag leaf area, spike length and grains per spike had positive direct effects on grain yield. While fertile tillers per plant, spikelets per spike and 1000-grain weight exhibited negative direct effects on grain yield. The traits having positive direct effects on grain yield are considered to be suitable selection criteria for evolving high yielding genotypes.
ISOLATION AND DESCRIPTION OF PLANTGROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA(PGPR) FROM BANANA RHIZOSPHERESOIL AND ITS IMPACT ON PLANT GROWTHPROMOTION (VIGNA RADIATA)
(2019-06) K, Dhivya; K, Gajalakshmi
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)are free living soil microorganisms that exertbeneficial effects on plants. In the present studybacterial strains were isolated from Bananarhizosphere soil. These strains were characterizedbased on morphological and biochemical studiesand identified as Bacillus spp. From the isolatedBacterial strain their Plant Growth PromotingHormones such as IAA production, GAproduction and Phosphate solubilization activitywas analysed. The culture filtrate of this bacteriumwas bio assayed on Vigna radiata and found that itsignificantly promotes the growth of the plant.
MARKER AIDED INTROGRESSION OF STEM RUST RESISTANCE GENES TO DEVELOP DURABLE WHEAT VARIETIES
(Innovative Farming, 2019-12-27) R, Nisha; M, Sivasamy; K, Gajalakshmi; P, Shajitha; John Peter; E, Punniakotti; V K, Vikas
Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops for food security and rust diseases continually pose a threat to wheat production at national and international level. Resistant cultivars are the economical, most reliable, environmentally safest and sustainable way to manage the rust diseases. Most of the rust resistance genes are all stage resistance (ASR) and therefore succumb to new variants of the respective pathogen soon after their deployment. Deployment of ASR genes does not often provide durable resistance, whereas adult plant resistance (APR) genes have small to intermediate effects when present alone. Same time, high and durable rust resistance could be achieved by combining the APR and ASR genes together. Selection of two or more genes in a single genotype can be difficult using conventional selection system. In such a scenario, phenotype neutral selection based on marker-trait association becomes inevitable. Stem rust has been a major threat to wheat production in the recent days. Sr2, a minor stem rust resistance gene was introgressed together with a major stem rust resistance gene Sr36 in the background of two popular wheat varieties, ‘Lok-1’ and ‘Raj 4083’. As the minor gene Sr2 alone cannot provide adequate resistance to stem rusts, major gene Sr36 was pyramided along with it. Marker assisted selection using microsatellite markers gwm533 and stm773-2 linked to Sr2 and Sr36 were performed in the BC1F1, BC1F2 and BC1F3 generations for the successful pyramiding of these genes. The microsatellite markers eased the process of identification of lines carrying the introgressed genes. Both phenotype and genotype data confirmed the co-presence of Sr2 and Sr36 genes. These lines with the two highly effective genes should be more useful for developing durable stem rust resistant wheat cultivars.
PROTEIN MARKER AS AN EASY TOOL TO DETECT SECALE CEREAL - DERIVED LINKED GENES SR31, LR26, YR9 AND PM8 IN WHEAT
(Diva Enterprises pvt ltd, 2014-12-18) R, Nisha; M, Sivasamy; K, Gajalakshmi; V K, Vikas; Kumar Jagdish; P, Jayaprakash; P, Shajitha; N, Senthil
The high yielding potential associated with IRS.IBL translocation involving the short arm of rye chromosome 1R and the long arm of wheat chromosome 1B were well exploited world over for developing disease resistant and high yielding wheat varieties. This was due to the translocation of the effective disease resistance linked genes Sr31 for resistance to stem rust (P. graminis f. sp. tritici), Lr26 for resistance to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticinia), Yr9 for resistance to stripe rust (P. striiformis f. sp. tritici), Pm8 for resistance against powdery mildew (caused by Erisiphe graminis f. sp. tritici) along with useful agronomic traits. However now virulent pathotypes have been reported which has overcome these rust resistance genes. The Sr31 gene complex has close linkage with the genes controlling secalins (Sec-1). Thus Sec-1 acts as a marker for the identification of Sr31, Lr26, Yr9 and Pm8 genes. SDS - PAGE was used to examine the presence of 1BL.1RS translocation in six Indian wheat genotypes viz., HP 1205, HD 2329, HD 2285, WH 147, Lok-1 and J 24 introgressed with Sr31+ gene complex with the aim to eliminate the lines carrying these genes, since it is tightly linked to poor baking quality. The SDS - PAGE results showed that all the lines carry Sec-l band and are therefore likely to carry the IBL.IRS translocation and the linked genes Sr31, Lr26, Yr9 and Pm8. This technique could be well exploited to detect the presence of linked genes Sr31, Lr26, Yr9 and Pm8 in wheat cultivars as it is an easy, efficient, faster and economical tool to eliminate the lines with 1BL.1RS translocation and developing wheat varieties for better end use quality and reducing the risk to Ug99 stem rust race threat
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF WHEAT DOUGH IN SOME HEXAPLOID INDIAN WHEAT VARIETIES
(Akademiai kiados, 2007-06-01) K, Gajalakshmi; V R K, Reddy
The dough characteristics of fifty popular Indian hexaploid wheat varieties were assessed by testing various rheological properties using a Brabender Farinograph and an Extensograph. These studies were aimed at evaluating the flour quality and functionality of the wheat dough. Based on the rheological dough properties of 50 Indian hexaploid wheat varieties it was recommended that 13 wheats could be useful for blending purposes, 31 varieties could be used for both bread and chapatti making, and the remaining 6 wheats were found suitable for biscuit making. The outcome of the experiments will be useful for plant breeders, millers and bakers.