Browsing by Author "Amritha, P S"

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A CRITICAL REVIEW ON EXTRACTION AND ANALYTICAL METHODS OF PHTHALATES IN WATER AND BEVERAGES
(Elsevier, 2022-07-19) Amritha, P S; Veena, Vinod; Harathi, P B
Phthalates (PAEs) are the class of lipophilic chemicals, which are used as additives in the manufacturing of plastics. It results in presence of PAEs in water and beverages because of their migration capacity. Their presence has attracted considerable attention due to their potential impacts on ecosystem functioning and public health. In addition, an enormous number of research articles have been published between 2000 and 2020, which have been identified and their results have been tabulated displaying PAEs analyzed, matrices, sample preparation, analytical method used, the limit of detection (LOD), and recovery percentages. Numerous sample preparation and analytical methods are found which are suitable for the reliable determination of the PAEs. The analysis of the PAEs is difficult due to their ubiquitous presence and their complexity, therefore suitable precautions, should be taken into account. In this review, we provide an overview of various pre-treatment measures and detection methods for PAEs in several types of water and beverages, mainly focusing on the last 20 years published works have been discussed. Pre-treatment methods mainly include liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), liquid-phase microextraction (LPME), and many more rare techniques. Chromatographic and non-chromatographic techniques coupled with or without diodes, spectrophotometers, and detectors, have been described. The concept of “green analytical chemistry” for PAE determination has also been discussed. Hereby, the limitations and challenges in these applications are also included.
A CRITICAL REVIEW ON EXTRACTION AND ANALYTICAL METHODS OF PHTHALATES IN WATER AND BEVERAGES
(Elsevier, 2022-07-19) Amritha, P S; Veena, Vinod; P B, Harathi
Phthalates (PAEs) are the class of lipophilic chemicals, which are used as additives in the manufacturing of plastics. It results in presence of PAEs in water and beverages because of their migration capacity. Their presence has attracted considerable attention due to their potential impacts on ecosystem functioning and public health. In addition, an enormous number of research articles have been published between 2000 and 2020, which have been identified and their results have been tabulated displaying PAEs analyzed, matrices, sample preparation, analytical method used, the limit of detection (LOD), and recovery percentages. Numerous sample preparation and analytical methods are found which are suitable for the reliable determination of the PAEs. The analysis of the PAEs is difficult due to their ubiquitous presence and their complexity, therefore suitable precautions, should be taken into account. In this review, we provide an overview of various pre-treatment measures and detection methods for PAEs in several types of water and beverages, mainly focusing on the last 20 years published works have been discussed. Pre-treatment methods mainly include liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), liquid-phase microextraction (LPME), and many more rare techniques. Chromatographic and non-chromatographic techniques coupled with or without diodes, spectrophotometers, and detectors, have been described. The concept of “green analytical chemistry” for PAE determination has also been discussed. Hereby, the limitations and challenges in these applications are also included.
A CRITICAL REVIEW ON EXTRACTION AND ANALYTICAL METHODS OF PHTHALATES IN WATER AND BEVERAGES
(Elsevier B.V, 2022-07) Amritha, P S; Veena, Vinod; Harathi, P B
Phthalates (PAEs) are the class of lipophilic chemicals, which are used as additives in the manufacturing of plastics. It results in presence of PAEs in water and beverages because of their migration capacity. Their presence has attracted considerable attention due to their potential impacts on ecosystem functioning and public health. In addition, an enormous number of research articles have been published between 2000 and 2020, which have been identified and their results have been tabulated displaying PAEs analyzed, matrices, sample preparation, analytical method used, the limit of detection (LOD), and recovery percentages. Numerous sample preparation and analytical methods are found which are suitable for the reliable determination of the PAEs. The analysis of the PAEs is difficult due to their ubiquitous presence and their complexity, therefore suitable precautions, should be taken into account. In this review, we provide an overview of various pre-treatment measures and detection methods for PAEs in several types of water and beverages, mainly focusing on the last 20 years published works have been discussed. Pre-treatment methods mainly include liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), liquid-phase microextraction (LPME), and many more rare techniques. Chromatographic and non-chromatographic techniques coupled with or without diodes, spectrophotometers, and detectors, have been described. The concept of "green analytical chemistry" for PAE determination has also been discussed. Hereby, the limitations and challenges in these applications are also included.
MODEL PERIPHYTON BIOFILMS: BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF BIOREMEDIATION OF SYNTHETIC PLASTICS
(Scopus, 2023-09-18) Amritha, P S; Vinod, Veena; Harathi, P B
Humans have developed many materials with benefits which are unnatural. One such was the introduction of plastics in the early 20th century, which reaches its peak within the next 100 yr. Plastics are highly versatile and inexpensive materials, which are ubiquitous in modern life. Recycling plastics or reducing their use does not resolve the growing problem. Globally, the accumulation of plastics in water bodies has become a serious problem. Therefore, there is a need to degrade them in an environmentally-friendly manner. Despite having plenty of information on the degradation of plastics, only a few studies have reported the bioremediation of plastics. The present study aimed at microbial degradation of the five plastic films including polyamide (PA), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), and polypropylene (PP) using biofilm formation. The plastic films were exposed to waste water for 30 days. Microbial biofilms developed rapidly on the plastic samples within 3–4 weeks. PA and PVC films were covered with biofilms indicating the colonization process. Biodegradation was estimated in terms of weight loss and reduction rate. It was observed that PA mass decreased by 28.42%, followed by PVC (25.6%). The uptake rate of the PA by the biofilm was 0.0111 day–1 and the shortest half-life was observed for PA (62.44 days). The surface changes were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images revealed the attachment of the rod-shaped bacteria and the accumulation of different types of salts. Thus, the experiments provide an inventive bioremediation of plastics like PA followed by PVC using the environment–friendly biofilms.
MODEL PERIPHYTON BIOFILMS: BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF BIOREMEDIATION OF SYNTHETIC PLASTICS
(Springer Link, 2023-09-18) Amritha, P S; Vinod, Veena; Harathi, P B
Humans have developed many materials with benefits which are unnatural. One such was the introduction of plastics in the early 20th century, which reaches its peak within the next 100 yr. Plastics are highly versatile and inexpensive materials, which are ubiquitous in modern life. Recycling plastics or reducing their use does not resolve the growing problem. Globally, the accumulation of plastics in water bodies has become a serious problem. Therefore, there is a need to degrade them in an environmentally-friendly manner. Despite having plenty of information on the degradation of plastics, only a few studies have reported the bioremediation of plastics. The present study aimed at microbial degradation of the five plastic films including polyamide (PA), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), and polypropylene (PP) using biofilm formation. The plastic films were exposed to waste water for 30 days. Microbial biofilms developed rapidly on the plastic samples within 3–4 weeks. PA and PVC films were covered with biofilms indicating the colonization process. Biodegradation was estimated in terms of weight loss and reduction rate. It was observed that PA mass decreased by 28.42%, followed by PVC (25.6%). The uptake rate of the PA by the biofilm was 0.0111 day–1 and the shortest half-life was observed for PA (62.44 days). The surface changes were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images revealed the attachment of the rod-shaped bacteria and the accumulation of different types of salts. Thus, the experiments provide an inventive bioremediation of plastics like PA followed by PVC using the environment–friendly biofilms.
TARGETING THE ENV SPIKE PROTEIN OF HIV WITH NATURALLY OCCURRING COMPOUNDS: AN IN-SILICO STUDY FOR DRUG DESIGNING
(Springer Link, 2023) Sreeram, S; Sathishkumar, R; Amritha, P S
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infects human by destroying the immune system. The types of HIV strains HIV-1 and HIV-2, among HIV-1 being more prevalent and considered deadly. Eventually either of the strains leads to disease Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Traditional medicinal plants have a pivotal role in the modern pharmacological process due to their rich composition of secondary metabolites with significant biological activity. Computational tools are gaining momentum as they predict with higher accuracy, robust and provide insight in the interaction of small molecule with the disease target protein. This study was conducted for understanding the interaction mode of Phyto compounds with Env spike proteins of HIV. The compounds are studied for ADME properties and molecular docking using Schrödinger software was performed. From the results, Ethyl gallate was observed with least docking score and higher binding affinity for HIV-ENV protein (4CC8) and Cinnamyl acetate (cis/trans) with HIV-1-ENV protein (6ULC).